identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
181AAE37D682851A86735D47358376F6.text	181AAE37D682851A86735D47358376F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Psilothrips Hood 1927	<div><p>Psilothrips Hood, 1927</p><p>Psilothrips Hood, 1927: 198. Type species  Psilothrips pardalotus Hood, 1927, by monotypy.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Members of this genus can be distinguished from other  Thripinae by the lack of a comb of microtrichia on the posterior margin of tergite VIII, and the presence of a particularly long pair of setae arising in a unique position on the antecostal ridges of tergites III-VII (Figs 11, 13). Only one other genus shares these two character states,  Apsilothrips Bhatti &amp; de Borbon, 2008 from western Argentina (Mendoza and Jujuy). The single species placed in that genus could equally well be interpreted as an unusual species of  Psilothrips, but is weakly distinguished by the presence of small cilia on the anterior margin of the fore wing and complete absence of sternal discal setae. In contrast, other  Thripinae taxa in which the median tergal setae are unusually long have these setae arising just posterior to the antecostal ridge; they also usually have a comb on tergite VIII, and cilia present on the anterior margin of the fore wing. A generic definition of  Psilothrips was provided by  O’Neill (1960), but that failed to mention several important character states, including the number of ocellar setae, the presence of six prominently pigmented facets ventrally on each compound eye, and the presence of a prominent spinula on both the meso and metafurca. The number of ocellar setae is particularly important because of the failure of earlier workers to note the presence of ocellar setae pair I in front of the first ocellus, including  O’Neill’s failure to illustrate these setae (see her Fig. 1/6). This led Bhatti (1967) to refer to an  “additional” pair of anteocellar setae when describing  Psilothrips indicus as a new species. This pair of setae is often very small, and is difficult to see due to the curvature of the head except when a specimen is very well cleared or the head crushed (Figs 1, 2).</p><p>Generic diagnosis.</p><p>Macropterous  Thripinae . Antennae 8-segmented (Fig. 9), segment I with no dorso-apical setae, II with no long setae, sense cones on III-IV forked, III-VI with rows of microtrichia. Head transverse, with 3 pairs of ocellar setae, pair III near anterior margins of triangle (Figs 1, 2); maxillary palps 2-segmented; compound eyes with 6 pigmented facets (Fig. 2). Pronotum transverse (Figs 3, 4, 5, 6), weakly sculptured, discal setae small; with 4 pairs of posteromarginal setae, of which one posteroangular pair sometimes longer than other pairs. Meso- and metafurca with spinula. Mesonotal anterior campaniform sensilla absent, median pair of setae distant from posterior margin. Metanotal sculpture irregularly reticulate, median setae arise medially; no campaniform sensilla (Figs 6, 7, 8). Tarsi 2-segmented. Fore wing costa with setae but no cilia (Fig. 10); first vein with 3 widely spaced setae on distal half; second vein with continuous, widely spaced, row of setae; clavus with 4 veinal setae and one discal seta; posterior fringe straight. Tergites with weak transverse reticulation, posterolaterally these lines bear small microtrichia; II-VIII with setae S1 (median pair) elongate (Figs 11, 12, 13), on III-VII arising on antecostal ridge; V-VII with setae S2 unusually elongate, almost as long as S1; tergites without ctenidia, VIII with no posteromarginal comb; tergite IX with one pair of campaniform sensilla (Fig. 12), without discal microtrichia (except  Psilothrips priesneri), X with no median split (Fig. 12); pleurotergites with or without discal setae; sternites III-VII with 3 pairs of marginal setae (lateral pair on VII sometimes absent), discal setae varying in number from zero to eight. Male with sternal pore plates present or absent.</p><p>Key to species of  Psilothrips</p><table><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Pronotum with 1 pair of posteroangular setae as long as, or longer than, width of antennal segment II (Figs 5, 6); pleurotergal discal setae absent</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">2</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Pronotum with no elongate setae, posteroangular setae less than 0.5 times as long as width of antennal segment II (Figs 3, 4); pleurotergal discal setae present or absent</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">3</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">2</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Metanotum posterior third with concentric sculpture lines (Fig. 6); major setae on pronotum setiform; western USA</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">pardalotus</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Metanotum posterior third with equiangular reticulation (Fig. 8); major setae on pronotum longitudinally grooved; Iran</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">zygophylli sp.n.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">3</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Metanotum posterior third with many complex markings within each reticle (Fig. 7); tergite IX anterior third with prominent transverse band of microtrichia (Fig. 12); western USA</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">priesneri</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Metanotal reticles with few or no internal markings; tergite IX with no prominent microtrichia</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">4</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">4</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Head and body uniformly brown (in life with bright red internal pigment); macropterae and micropterae; Canary Islands</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">minutus</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Head and pronotum yellow with brown areas, tergites II-VII yellow posterolaterally (in life with orange pigment in pterothorax); only macropterae known; Morocco, Egypt, Yemen, Israel, India, China</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">bimaculatus</td></tr></table></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/181AAE37D682851A86735D47358376F6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Minaei, Kambiz;Mound, Laurence	Minaei, Kambiz, Mound, Laurence (2015): Thysanoptera disjunct distribution between western America and the Mediterranean with a new Psilothrips species (Thripidae) from Iran. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 62 (1): 1-7, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.62.8563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.62.8563
CFC318B85B83CBE327C0FE3EE80EE177.text	CFC318B85B83CBE327C0FE3EE80EE177.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Psilothrips bimaculatus (Priesner 1932)	<div><p>Psilothrips
bimaculatus (Priesner, 1932)
 Fig. 3</p><p>Thamnothrips bimaculatus Priesner, 1932: 3.</p><p>Psilothrips indicus Bhatti, 1967: 12. Syn.n.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Widespread in southern Mediterranean countries, from Morocco to Israel and Yemen, also in Iran from siris trees ( Albizia sp.,  Fabaceae) in Khozestan Province (Alavi and Mohiseni 2002), this species is here interpreted to include records from India and central China. The type specimens of  Psilothrips indicus, three females collected in Delhi on  Ipomoea carnea ( Convolvulaceae), are not available for study but are presumably in the "J.S. Bhatti Private collection" (Bhatti and de Borbon 2008). The proposed new synonymy is based on the original description, together with two females from Ningxia, China, collected from  Lycium halimifolium ( Solanaceae), 20.VII.1980, and identified as  Psilothrips indicus by Han Yun-fa (in BMNH and SMF). These two females have been compared with females from Morocco, Egypt, Israel and Yemen. The colour, as described by Bhatti (1967) is distinctive, with abdominal tergites II-VII sharply paler posterolaterally, and the metanotal equiangular reticulations with few or no internal markings. This species, under the name of  Psilothrips indicus, has been considered a pest on Chinese wolfberry ( Lycium spp.) in China (Li et al. 2012).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CFC318B85B83CBE327C0FE3EE80EE177	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Minaei, Kambiz;Mound, Laurence	Minaei, Kambiz, Mound, Laurence (2015): Thysanoptera disjunct distribution between western America and the Mediterranean with a new Psilothrips species (Thripidae) from Iran. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 62 (1): 1-7, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.62.8563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.62.8563
96FD4776012F8E0F452DB581070B433B.text	96FD4776012F8E0F452DB581070B433B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Psilothrips minutus zur Strassen 1965	<div><p>Psilothrips minutus zur Strassen, 1965</p><p>Psilothrips minutus zur Strassen, 1965: 27.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Known only from the Canary Islands on  Suaeda fruticosa, this species is unusually dark, and is the only member of the genus for which micropterous individuals are known. None of the available specimens are suitably cleared, but pleurotergal discal setae are not discernable. The tergal antecostal ridge is weaker in this species than among the other members of this genus, and the micropterae have the median tergal setae irregular in size and on some tergites arising posterior to the antecostal ridge.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/96FD4776012F8E0F452DB581070B433B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Minaei, Kambiz;Mound, Laurence	Minaei, Kambiz, Mound, Laurence (2015): Thysanoptera disjunct distribution between western America and the Mediterranean with a new Psilothrips species (Thripidae) from Iran. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 62 (1): 1-7, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.62.8563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.62.8563
2AED58CE1B10D0A98BD62005602596AC.text	2AED58CE1B10D0A98BD62005602596AC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Psilothrips pardalotus Hood 1927	<div><p>Psilothrips pardalotus Hood, 1927 Figs 1, 6, 11</p><p>Psilothrips pardalotus Hood, 1927: 198.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>As recognised by  O’Neill (1960), the metanotal sculpture of this species is diagnostic (Fig. 6), and the major pronotal posteroangular setae are about 30  µm long. The species is recorded from Arizona, California, Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, and Utah, and appears to be associated with  Sarcobatus vermiculatus . In contrast to  Psilothrips priesneri, the abdominal pleurotergites lack discal setae, and tergite IX lacks discal microtrichia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2AED58CE1B10D0A98BD62005602596AC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Minaei, Kambiz;Mound, Laurence	Minaei, Kambiz, Mound, Laurence (2015): Thysanoptera disjunct distribution between western America and the Mediterranean with a new Psilothrips species (Thripidae) from Iran. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 62 (1): 1-7, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.62.8563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.62.8563
5B54D350D5212BE6CF1B26EC7D17DF8D.text	5B54D350D5212BE6CF1B26EC7D17DF8D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Psilothrips priesneri (Moulton 1926)	<div><p>Psilothrips priesneri (Moulton, 1926) Figs 4, 7, 12</p><p>Anaphothrips priesneri Moulton, 1926: 123.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The metanotal reticulation of this species, with extensive markings inside each reticle as illustrated by  O’Neill (1960), is diagnostic for this species (Fig. 7). The pleurotergites bear several discal setae, and tergite IX has a distinctive transverse band of microtrichia (Fig. 12). This species has been recorded in western USA from Arizona, California, and Texas.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5B54D350D5212BE6CF1B26EC7D17DF8D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Minaei, Kambiz;Mound, Laurence	Minaei, Kambiz, Mound, Laurence (2015): Thysanoptera disjunct distribution between western America and the Mediterranean with a new Psilothrips species (Thripidae) from Iran. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 62 (1): 1-7, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.62.8563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.62.8563
63B0F780FBF8881CF6727A9214AA534F.text	63B0F780FBF8881CF6727A9214AA534F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Psilothrips zygophylli Minaei & Mound 2015	<div><p>Psilothrips zygophylli sp. n. Figs 2, 5, 8, 9, 10, 13</p><p>Female macroptera.</p><p>Body yellow to light brown, antennal segments I, III and IV pale, remaining segments shaded; head and pronotum with posterior margins weakly shaded; pterothorax light brown medially, including metascutellum; abdominal tergites I-VIII yellow laterally but with light brown patch medially; fore wings weakly shaded.</p><p>With the character states in the generic diagnosis; antennal segments slender (Fig. 9) with reduced microtrichia. Head weakly reticulate in basal third, ocellar setae III on anterior margins of ocellar triangle (Fig. 2).</p><p>Pronotum with irregular transverse sculpture lines; 4 pairs of posteromarginal setae, S1 and S3 longer than S2 and S4 (Fig. 5). Metanotum with equiangular reticulation on posterior half, median setae often asymmetric in position (Fig. 8). Fore wing relatively broad; first vein with two setae distally, second vein with about 11 setae (Fig. 10); apex with small sub-apical lobe bearing many long microtrichia ventrally. Abdominal tergites with transverse reticulation medially (Fig. 13), setae S2 slightly shorter than setae S1; tergites IV-VI with striate sculpture laterally bearing a few short microtrichia; sternites III-VII with about eight discal setae.</p><p>Measurements</p><p>(holotype female; measurements in micrometer). Table 1.</p><p>Male macroptera.</p><p>Similar to female but paler. Tergite IX without any processes or stout setae; sternites apparently without pore plates.</p><p>Measurements</p><p>(paratype male; measurements in micrometer). Table 1.</p><p>Specimens examined</p><p>(slide-mounted). Holotype female, IRAN, Fars Province, Sarvestan, 100 km west of Shiraz, from leaves of  Zygophyllum sp. ( Zygophyllaceae), 17.IV.2014 (KM 1151) (in BMNH).</p><p>Paratypes: 7 females, taken with the holotype; 17 females, 6 males, 4 larvae, IRAN, Fars Province, Sarvestan, from leaves of  Zygophyllum sp., 9.V.2014 (KM 1185) (in PPSU), 2 females, 1 male, 1 larva, IRAN, Fars Province, Sarvestan, from leaves of  Zygophyllum sp. (in ANIC).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>This species is named after the genus of plant from which it was collected.</p><p>Comments.</p><p>This new species shares many character states with the North American species  Psilothrips
pardalotus
 . It differs in the form of the metanotal sculpture, longer major setae on the head and pronotum which are more prominently longitudinally grooved, shorter setae S2 on the abdominal tergites, and more slender antennae.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/63B0F780FBF8881CF6727A9214AA534F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Minaei, Kambiz;Mound, Laurence	Minaei, Kambiz, Mound, Laurence (2015): Thysanoptera disjunct distribution between western America and the Mediterranean with a new Psilothrips species (Thripidae) from Iran. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 62 (1): 1-7, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.62.8563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.62.8563
