identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
4097EA88492A8320123CF87FDC59000E.text	4097EA88492A8320123CF87FDC59000E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sterictiphora geminata (Gmelin 1790) *	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Sterictiphora geminata (Gmelin, 1790) *</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>Varna: 1♂ (DEI-GISHym88789), Tsonevo 5 km S, 100 m, 42.982N, 27.451E, 03.04.2018.</p>
            <p> Sterictiphora geminata has a wide Palaearctic distribution (Sundukov 2017), including North Africa (Lacourt 1986). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4097EA88492A8320123CF87FDC59000E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liston, Andrew;Prous, Marko;Macek, Jan	Liston, Andrew, Prous, Marko, Macek, Jan (2019): On Bulgarian sawflies, including a new species of Empria (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 66 (1): 85-105, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309
7B680C98C622F281EBE492C47A9FD2E5.text	7B680C98C622F281EBE492C47A9FD2E5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ardis pallipes (Serville 1823) *	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ardis pallipes (Serville, 1823) *</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>Burgas: 1♂, Primorsko 4 km NW, 20 m, 42.300N, 27.729E, 04.04.2018. 1♀, 1♂ (DEI-GISHym88780), Prosenik 1 km NW, 150 m, 42.805N, 27.436E, 07.04.2018.</p>
            <p>Varna: 1♀, Staro Oryahovo 2 km SW, 120 m, 42.976N, 27.787E, 09.04.2018. 1♂, Goren Chiflik 1 km SW, 40 m, 43.001N, 27.621E, 13.04.2018.</p>
            <p> Ardis pallipes has an extensive Holarctic distribution (Lacourt 1999), but is found in the Nearctic probably through introduction. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B680C98C622F281EBE492C47A9FD2E5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liston, Andrew;Prous, Marko;Macek, Jan	Liston, Andrew, Prous, Marko, Macek, Jan (2019): On Bulgarian sawflies, including a new species of Empria (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 66 (1): 85-105, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309
DB685D36C072D6680C83E8917DC5983D.text	DB685D36C072D6680C83E8917DC5983D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gilpinia frutetorum (Fabricius 1793) *	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Gilpinia frutetorum (Fabricius, 1793) *</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>Varna: 1♀ (DEI-GISHym84162), Tsonevo 5 km S, 100 m, 42.982N, 27.451E, 03.04.2018.</p>
            <p> Gilpinia frutetorum has a very extensive range in Europe, extending through Asia Minor to eastern Siberia, and by introduction in North America (Sundukov 2017). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB685D36C072D6680C83E8917DC5983D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liston, Andrew;Prous, Marko;Macek, Jan	Liston, Andrew, Prous, Marko, Macek, Jan (2019): On Bulgarian sawflies, including a new species of Empria (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 66 (1): 85-105, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309
FC154C8D2E9FF62517D3BC215372D01D.text	FC154C8D2E9FF62517D3BC215372D01D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamphilius marginatus (Serville 1823) (Serville, 1823) *	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pamphilius marginatus (Serville, 1823) *</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>Burgas: 1♂, Primorsko 4 km NW, 20 m, 42.300N, 27.729E, 10.04.2018. 1♀ (DEI-GISHym88850), Indzhe Voivoda 3 km NE, 250 m, 42.235N, 27.451E, 12.04.2018.</p>
            <p>Varna: 1♀, Staro Oryahovo 2 km SW, 120 m, 42.976N, 27.787E, 11.04.2018.</p>
            <p>Only recorded in central and southern Europe, including various Balkan countries (Viitasaari 2002).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FC154C8D2E9FF62517D3BC215372D01D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liston, Andrew;Prous, Marko;Macek, Jan	Liston, Andrew, Prous, Marko, Macek, Jan (2019): On Bulgarian sawflies, including a new species of Empria (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 66 (1): 85-105, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309
851AF6C677EB4136A2CEFE8F7E672445.text	851AF6C677EB4136A2CEFE8F7E672445.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sterictiphora longicornis Chevin, 1982 * 1982	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Sterictiphora
longicornis Chevin, 1982 *
</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>
                  Burgas: 1♂,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.397/lat 42.86)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.397&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.86">Mrezhichko</a>
                 1 km W, 370 m, 42.860N, 27.397E, 07.04.2018  .   1♂ (DEI-GISHym88832),  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.729/lat 42.3)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.729&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.3">Primorsko</a>
                 4 km NW, 20 m, 42.300N, 27.729E, 10.04.2018  .   1♀,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.451/lat 42.235)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.451&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.235">Indzhe Voivoda</a>
                 3 km NE, 250 m, 42.235N, 27.451E, 12.04.2018  . 
            </p>
            <p>
                  Varna: 1♂ (DEI-GISHym88750),  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.451/lat 42.982)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.451&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.982">Tsonevo</a>
                 5 km S, 100 m, 42.982N, 27.451E, 03.04.2018  .  1♂, locality as previous, 06.04.2018 .  1♀, 1♂, locality as previous, 08.04.2018 .   1♂,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.743/lat 42.983)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.743&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.983">Dolni Chiflik</a>
                 2 km SE, 50 m, 42.983N, 27.743E, 05.04.2018  .   2♀,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.787/lat 42.976)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.787&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.976">Staro Oryahovo</a>
                 2 km SW, 120 m, 42.976N, 27.787E, 08.04.2018  .  1♂, locality as previous, 09.04.2018 .  1♂, locality as previous, 11.04.2018 .   1♂,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.621/lat 43.001)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.621&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.001">Goren Chiflik</a>
                 1 km SW, 40 m, 43.001N, 27.621E, 13.04.2018  . 
            </p>
            <p> Although the hosts of other  Sterictiphora species, as far as they are known, are all woody species of  Rosaceae ,  S. longicornis was recorded by Macek (2012) as having been reared from  Carpinus betulus L. All of the specimens which we collected in Bulgaria were netted within woodland dominated by  Carpinus . </p>
            <p>  The previously recorded range of this species is mainly in  Central Europe , with a single record from  “Yugoslavia” (Taeger et al. 2006). The latter record is based on 1♂, Serbia, Beograd  ,   Avala, 500 m, 26.03.2001, leg. Z.  Nikolić , det. A. Taeger (Z.  Nikolić Collection, University of Belgrade)  . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/851AF6C677EB4136A2CEFE8F7E672445	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liston, Andrew;Prous, Marko;Macek, Jan	Liston, Andrew, Prous, Marko, Macek, Jan (2019): On Bulgarian sawflies, including a new species of Empria (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 66 (1): 85-105, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309
067B50D670AF2FA1B50CEED3E805E2C6.text	067B50D670AF2FA1B50CEED3E805E2C6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Empria aridicola Macek & Prous, sp. nov. *	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Empria aridicola Macek &amp; Prous, sp. nov. *</p>
            <p>Description of the holotype</p>
            <p>(variability in other specimens in parentheses).</p>
            <p>Male (Figs 9-15).</p>
            <p>Body length. 5.2 (5.1-6.0) mm.</p>
            <p>Colour. Black; following parts white or pale brown: (anterior and posterior margins of tegula); posterior margin of pronotum; profemur apically; anterior of protibia and posterior slightly (posterior completely black); anterior of mesotibia; (base of metatibia slightly); large triangular membranous area on tergum 1; posterior margins of terga and sterna slightly; cenchri; and paired patches on posterior margins abdominal terga 2-4 (2-3).</p>
            <p>Head. Clypeus tridentate, with rather inconspicuous median keel, and median tooth smaller than lateral teeth; head behind eyes in dorsal view parallel to subparallel with posterior halves converging toward the occipital carina; area between frontal crests in dorsal view reaching (slightly exceeding) the level of crests; malar space 1.2 (0.9-1.3) times as long as the frontal ocellar diameter; length of postocellar area 2.2 (1.8-2.7) times as long as the lateral ocellar diameter; postocellar area 2.2 (1.9-2.4) times as wide as long; flagellum 1.9 (1.8-2.3) times as long as breadth of head.</p>
            <p>Thorax. Propleura not meeting in front; distance between cenchri slightly longer than (as long as) cenchrus width; wings smoky (hyaline), venation brown; vein 2A+3A of fore wing complete; vein m-cu in hind wing present; subbasal tooth of tarsal claw close to apical one and distinctly shorter.</p>
            <p>Abdomen. Subgenital plate (sternum 9) without emargination. Penis valve with distinct spine subapically at dorsal margin of valviceps; valviceps slightly longer than (as long as) valvura; ventral margin of valviceps distinctly concave; dorsal margin of valviceps with few teeth and its basal and apical part bending similarly, forming nearly semicircle; valvar strut slightly curved.</p>
            <p>Female (Figs 1-8).</p>
            <p>Body length. 5.9-6.9 mm.</p>
            <p>Colour. Black; following parts white or pale brown: anterior and posterior margins of tegula, or completely black; posterior margin of pronotum; profemur apically; protibia anteriorly and sometimes slightly posteriorly; mesotibia anteriorly; metatibia slightly basally or completely black; large triangular membranous area on tergum 1; posterior margins of terga and sterna slightly; cenchri; and paired patches on posterior margins abdominal terga 2-3 or 2-4.</p>
            <p> Head . Clypeus tridentate, with rather inconspicuous median keel, and median tooth smaller than lateral teeth; head behind eyes in dorsal view parallel to subparallel with posterior halves converging toward the occipital carina; area between frontal crests in dorsal view reaching or slightly exceeding the level of crests; malar space 1.2-1.5 times as long as the frontal ocellar diameter; length of postocellar area 2.1-2.6 times as long as the lateral ocellar diameter; postocellar area 1.8-2.4 times as wide as long; flagellum 1.6-1.9 times as long as breadth of head. </p>
            <p>Thorax. Propleura not meeting in front; distance between cenchri as long as or slightly longer than cenchrus width; wings hyaline or smoky, venation brown; vein 2A+3A of fore wing complete; vein m-cu in hind wing present; subbasal tooth of tarsal claw close to apical one and distinctly shorter.</p>
            <p>Abdomen. Sawsheath simple, narrow in dorsal view and distinctly longer than cerci. Lancet with 14 or 15 serrulae, more or less triangular with microdenticles at anterior margin.</p>
            <p> Holotype . </p>
            <p>1♂, DEI-GISHym12004, Bulgaria, Varna, Goren Chiflik 1 km SW, 43.001N, 27.621E, 40 m, 13.4.2018, leg. A. Liston &amp; M. Prous (SDEI).</p>
            <p>Paratypes.</p>
            <p>BULGARIA: 3♂, Burgas, Indzhe Voivoda 3 km NE, 42.235N, 27.451E, 250 m, 12.4.2018, leg. A. Liston &amp; M. Prous (SDEI); 2♂ (one with ID number DEI-GISHym88915), Varna, Tsonevo 5 km S, 42.982N, 27.451E, 100 m, 8.4.2018, leg. A. Liston &amp; M. Prous (SDEI).</p>
            <p> CZECH REPUBLIC: 2♀, 1♂, Bohemia or., Chlumec nad Cidlinou env.,  Báň NR, 24.04. -30.04.2001, MT, leg. B. Mocek (NMPC); 1♂, Bohemia cent., Milovice, 5.05.2006, swept, leg. J. Macek (NMPC); 1♀, Bohemia cent.,  Karlštejn NNR, 24.04.2011, swept, leg. J. Macek (NMPC); 1♂, Moravia mer.,  Bílé Karpaty PLA,  Čertoryje NNR, 29.05.2005, MT, leg. J. Macek (NMPC); Moravia mer.: 3♀,  Dolní Dunajovice, 10.04.2017, swept, leg. V.  Kubáň (NMPC). </p>
            <p> FRANCE: 1♀, MNHN_Empria_82, Picardie, Laigneville, 49.3N. 2.45E (MNHN); 1♂, MNHN_Empria_7, Ile-de-France, Lardy, 48.517N, 2.267E, 6.6.1913 (MNHN); 2♂, MNHN_Empria_72 and MNHN_Empria_73, Rhone-Alpes, Rochecolombe, 44.5N, 4.45E, 8.4.1951  ( MNHN); 1♀, BC ZSM HYM 04606, Alsace, Mulhause, Westhalten, 47.967N, 7.267E, 327 m, 6.4.1999, leg. C. Schmid-Egger (ZSM). </p>
            <p> GERMANY: 1♂, Brandenburg, Drehna, Weinberg, 51.767N, 13.8E, 13.5.1980, leg. J. Oehlke (SDEI); 1♂, Brandenburg, Kleiner Rummelsberg, Nordhang, 1.M, 52.917N, 14.017E, 27.4.1993-29.4.1993, leg. M. Sommer, Malaise trap (SDEI); 1♀,  Thüringen , Lausnitz, FND Totenstein, Hecke, 50.733N, 11.678E, 28.4.2009, leg. F. Burger (SDEI); 1♂, Brandenburg, Mallnow,  Oderhänge , NSG  Adonishänge , 52.45N, 14.5E, 1.5.2013, leg. A.D. Liston (SDEI); 1♂, BC ZSM HYM 04610, Bayern, Auwald b. Breitenfurt, 49.137N, 11.447E, 390 m, 5.4.2009, leg. J. Hable (ZSM); 1♂, BC ZSM HYM 16743, Bayern, Magerrasen zw. Grossbissendorf und Hohenfels, 49.215N, 11.827E, 435 m, 2.5.2012, leg. J. Hable (ZSM); 1♀, BC ZSM HYM 11775, Bayern, Neumarkt, TK 6834, Qu. 4, S-exponierter Hang, Berching NW-Rand, Haarbe, 49.105N, 11.442E, 388 m, 10.4.2011, leg. J. Hable (ZSM); 1♂, BC ZSM HYM 11810, Bayern, Neumarkt, TK 6934, Qu. 2, Kreuzberg, noerdl. Ortsrand von Dietfurt, 49.04N, 11.586E, 453 m, 21.4.2011, leg. J. Hable (ZSM); 1♂, BC ZSM HYM 04613, Bayern, Zeil, 50.010N, 10.594E, 229 m, 7.7.1998, leg. K. Mandery (ZSM). </p>
            <p> GREECE: 1♂, DEI-GISHym80304, Achaia, Ano Vlasia 4 km S, 37.97N, 21.894E, 1000 m, 24.4.2017, leg. SDEI Hym-group (SDEI); 1♀, DEI-GISHym80378, Achaia, Kalavryta Ski Center, 38.005N, 22.199E, 1700 m, 27.4.2017, leg. SDEI Hym-group (SDEI); 2♀ (DEI-GISHym15134 and DEI-GISHym15131), 1♂ (DEI-GISHym15132),  Ioánnina ,  Kónitsa E 1km, 40.043N, 20.767E, 870 m, 10.5.2007, leg. M. Wei (SDEI); 1♂, DEI-GISHym80396, Sterea Ellas, Lamia W 48 km, Timfristos SW 3 km, 38.91N, 21.93E, 1101 m, 11.5.2007, leg. A.D. Liston (SDEI); 1♀, Achaia, Pirgaki 2 km NNW, 38.178N, 22.084E, 750 m, 25.4.2017, leg. SDEI Hym-group (SDEI); 1♂, TUZ109463, Sterea Ellas, Timfristos Oros, East flank, 38.95N, 21.817E, 1700 m, 14.4.2008, leg. A.D. Liston (TUZ). </p>
            <p> HUNGARY: 8♂, 1♀,  Tokód , 16.04.2005, swept, leg. J. Macek; 1♀,  Epöl , 16.04.2005, swept, leg. J. Macek (NMPC); 1♂, Pest, Veroce, 47.826N, 19.022E, 122 m, 1.5.2005-10.5.2005, leg. Z. Nyiro, Malaise trap (USNM). </p>
            <p> RUSSIA: 1♀, I02-01a, Ulyanovsk Oblast, Radishchevsky, 8 km S Vjazovka (  “Радищевский р-н 8  Ю с .  Вяазовка” ), 2.5.2002, leg. A. Isajev (CMH). </p>
            <p> SLOVAKIA: 1♀, Slovakia mer.,  Devínska Kobyla, 6.v.1982, swept, leg. J. Macek (NMPC). </p>
            <p>Etymology. The species name, a noun, is formed from the Latin components aridus (dry) and the suffix - cola (inhabitor), and refers to its occurrence in dry places.</p>
            <p> Genetic data. Based on mitochondrial and nuclear genes, the exact placement within  Empria s. str. (i.e. excluding  E. candidata and  E. multicolor ) is not well supported (Fig. 16). According to mitochondrial COI barcodes, all the specimens belong to the same BIN, the nearest neighbour being a BIN within the  E. immersa group with a distance of 7.5%. </p>
            <p> Host plants. Possibly  Rubus caesius L. (ex larva rearing by JM), but likely other  Rosaceae in addition because  R. caesius seemed to be absent in places where the Bulgarian specimens were collected. From the larva illustrated in Figures 17 and 18 an adult female was reared, but the specimen was destroyed during an attempt to dissect the ovipositor (Czech Republic, Bohemia or., NR  Báň u  Hradčan , 31.5.2005, on  Rubus caesius , adult emerged 31.3.2006, J. Macek coll. et det.). The adult did, however, closely resemble paratype specimens of  E. aridicola from the same site. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>West Palaearctic. Confirmed country records are from Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Russia (Ulyanovsk Oblast), and Slovakia.</p>
            <p>Notes.</p>
            <p> This species could most easily be confused with  E. parvula and  E. sexpunctata by its external morphology (2 or 3 pairs of pale patches on posterior margins abdominal terga, tarsal claw with distinct subbasal tooth). The most reliable way to distinguish  E. parvula from  E. aridicola is to examine saws and penis valves (Figs 6, 13, 19, 20, 24, 25, 29). Serrulae are distinctly more flat in  E. parvula (Figs 19, 20) compared to  E. aridicola (Fig. 6). In  E. aridicola males, the dorsal margin of the valviceps bends basally and apically in a rather similar way, so that the dorsal margin nearly forms a semicircle (Figs 13, 29). In  E. parvula , the dorsal margin of the valviceps is quite asymmetric, bending basally much more abruptly than apically (Figs 24, 25). In  E. parvula , the paired patches on abdominal terga are often detached from posterior margins of the terga, which can also be helpful in distinguishing the species. The best character to separate females of  E. sexpunctata and  E. aridicola is the position of paired patches on abdominal terga, which are detached from the posterior margin in  E. sexpunctata (cf. Figs 1, 30). Head shape can also be helpful to distinguish females and males of  E. sexpunctata and  E. aridicola : the postocellar area is usually more than 2.5 times as broad as long in  E. sexpunctata (Fig. 31), while in  E. aridicola this ratio is less than 2.4 (Fig. 3), although there might be overlap. Although saws of  E. sexpunctata and  E. aridicola (Figs 6, 23) are hardly distinguishable, penis valves of these species are quite easy to separate (Figs 13, 28, 29). Many of the males of  E. sexpunctata can be distinguished from  E. aridicola also by the larger number (3-5) of pale patches on abdominal terga. Prous (2012) used the name  E. kuznetzovi Dovnar-Zapolskij, 1929 for  E. aridicola based on the original description (Dovnar-Zapolskij 1929), which is, however, consistent also with  E. parvula . Because no type specimens of  E. kuznetzovi Dovnar-Zapolskij, 1929 have been found in ZIN, we maintain the synonymy with  E. parvula (Konow, 1892) as proposed by Conde (1940), who apparently did study the type specimen(s). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/067B50D670AF2FA1B50CEED3E805E2C6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liston, Andrew;Prous, Marko;Macek, Jan	Liston, Andrew, Prous, Marko, Macek, Jan (2019): On Bulgarian sawflies, including a new species of Empria (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 66 (1): 85-105, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309
293B5CAA5308C45D3158FBFFE8D184D1.text	293B5CAA5308C45D3158FBFFE8D184D1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Empria liturata (Gmelin 1790) *	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Empria liturata (Gmelin, 1790) *</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p> Varna: 1♂ (DEI-GISHym84164), Tsonevo 5 km S, 100 m, 42.982N, 27.451E, 06.04.2018. 2♂, Staro Oryahovo 2 km SW, 120 m, 42.976N, 27.787E, 09.04.2018.  1♂, locality as previous, 11.04.2018 . 1♂, Dolni Chiflik 2 km SE, 50 m, 42.983N, 27.743E, 13.04.2018. </p>
            <p>Confirmed records are from central Europe and Japan (Prous et al. 2011a).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/293B5CAA5308C45D3158FBFFE8D184D1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liston, Andrew;Prous, Marko;Macek, Jan	Liston, Andrew, Prous, Marko, Macek, Jan (2019): On Bulgarian sawflies, including a new species of Empria (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 66 (1): 85-105, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309
D2FF8454B010418E513DD9193C2DAD11.text	D2FF8454B010418E513DD9193C2DAD11.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Empria parvula (Konow 1892) *	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Empria parvula (Konow, 1892) *</p>
            <p> Poecilosoma parvula Konow, 1892: 215. Lectotype ♂ GBIF-GISHym3784 (SDEI), here designated. Type locality:  Fürstenberg in Mecklenburg, Germany, Brandenburg. </p>
            <p> Empria pseudoklugi [pseudo-klugi sic!] Dovnar-Zapolskij, 1929: 39. Lectotype ♀ ZIN_Empria_8 (ZIN), here designated. Type locality: Sarepta, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. </p>
            <p>Bulgarian material.</p>
            <p>
                  Varna: 1♂ (DEI-GISHym88775),  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.451/lat 42.982)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.451&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.982">Tsonevo</a>
                 5 km S, 100 m, 42.982N, 27.451E, 06.04.2018  .  1♀, locality as previous, 08.04.2018 .   1♀ (DEI-GISHym88802),  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.787/lat 42.976)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.787&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.976">Staro Oryahovo</a>
                 2 km SW, 120 m, 42.976N, 27.787E, 08.04.2018  .  1♂, locality as previous, 09.04.2018 .   1♀, 1♂,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.621/lat 43.001)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.621&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.001">Goren Chiflik</a>
                 1 km SW, 40 m, 43.001N, 27.621E, 13.04.2018  . 
            </p>
            <p> Empria parvula has an extensive distribution in Europe (Taeger et al. 2006) and the Palaearctic (Sundukov 2017; Taeger et al. 2018). According to morphological characters and genetic data, the species is very closely related to  E. pravei . The only clear difference between them is the colouration of the legs in the adults. Legs in  E. parvula are usually mostly black with small pale areas, but occasionally the hind tibia can be basally 2/3 whitish or yellowish. Nevertheless, the metafemur appears to be always completely or nearly completely black in  E. parvula (Fig. 32). In  E. pravei , femora are apically and tibiae basally extensively yellowish (Fig. 33). There could be differences also in penis valves, but because of the variation within  E. parvula , the differences are not always clear (Figs 24-27). The valviceps seems to usually expand basally less in  E. parvula than in  E. pravei (Figs 24-27). Host plants and at least colouration of larvae are not different between  E. parvula and  E. pravei (Figs 34, 35). Based on the sequence data of three genes that we currently have,  E. parvula does not form a monophyletic group, particularly because an  E. parvula specimen sampled from Bulgaria is closer to  E. pravei than to other  E. parvula specimens (from Estonia, Greece, and Russian Far East) (Figs 16, 36). Ignoring morphological evidence, our genetic data could be interpreted as indicating either that  E. pravei is a synonym of  E. parvula , or that  E. parvula consists of more than one species. Because in Bulgaria we found  E. pravei and  E. parvula in the same places at the same time and never observed overlap with regard to leg colouration, we consider  E. pravei to be a distinct species. Although the existence of more than one species under the name  E. parvula cannot be excluded, the data is also consistent with a single species exhibiting large genetic variation, perhaps connected with the significantly larger population size in  E. parvula (distributed throughout the Palaearctic) compared to  E. pravei (possibly restricted to areas not far from the Black Sea and  south of the Caspian Sea). In other words, non-monophyly of  E. parvula could be because of incomplete lineage sorting (maintaining of ancestral polymorphisms) due to large population size (e.g. Degnan and Rosenberg 2009). More specimens and genes of both species should be sequenced or mating experiments done to decide more reliably about species boundaries in this case. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D2FF8454B010418E513DD9193C2DAD11	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liston, Andrew;Prous, Marko;Macek, Jan	Liston, Andrew, Prous, Marko, Macek, Jan (2019): On Bulgarian sawflies, including a new species of Empria (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 66 (1): 85-105, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309
8E44CAFF50B1A7D18A3E621C5757DCF1.text	8E44CAFF50B1A7D18A3E621C5757DCF1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Empria pravei Dovnar-Zapolskij 1925	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Empria pravei Dovnar-Zapolskij, 1925 *</p>
            <p> Empria pravei Dovnar-Zapolskij, 1925: 37-38. Lectotype ♀ ZIN_Empria_11 (ZIN), here designated. Type locality: Stavropol, Stavropol Krai, Russia. </p>
            <p>Bulgarian material.</p>
            <p> Burgas: 1♂ (DEI-GISHym88758), Primorsko 4 km NW, 20 m, 42.300N, 27.729E, 04.04.2018.  1♀, locality as previous, 10.04.2018 . </p>
            <p> Varna: 3♀ (including DEI-GISHym84166), 3♂ (including DEI-GISHym88817, DEI-GISHym88735), Staro Oryahovo 2 km SW, 120 m, 42.976N, 27.787E, 09.04.2018.  1♀, locality as previous, 11.04.2018 . 2♂, Goren Chiflik 1 km SW, 40 m, 43.001N, 27.621E, 13.04.2018. </p>
            <p> The specimens were collected in woodland, from the herb layer, at places where a  Geum species (probably  Geum urbanum L.) was rather abundant. Of other herbaceous  Rosaceae , Fragaria?viridis Weston, and  Rubus fruticosa L. agg. were commonly present. Female DEI-GISHym84166 was sleeved on a potted  Geum plant, taken from the collection locality, on which it then laid eggs in the leaf-blade (Fig. 37). Several larvae (Fig. 35; https://sdei.de/ecatsym/ecat_bild.php?NameNr=1003703&amp;DateiName=25774.JPG) were reared to maturity on this plant. </p>
            <p> Empria pravei  was described from two female syntypes (one in ZIN, examined by MP) from  Stavropol (Dovnar-Zapolskij 1925).  This locality, in the  North Caucasus , lies outside the area treated by Taeger et al. (2006) as  “Europe” .  Other published records are from Armenia and Iran (Sundukov 2017).  The species is very close to  E. parvula (see discussion under that species).  The record from Mongolia (Zombori 1972) is incorrect due to misidentification of  E. mongolica (Konow, 1895).  Empria pravei might be restricted to areas not far from the Black Sea and south of the Caspian Sea  . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8E44CAFF50B1A7D18A3E621C5757DCF1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liston, Andrew;Prous, Marko;Macek, Jan	Liston, Andrew, Prous, Marko, Macek, Jan (2019): On Bulgarian sawflies, including a new species of Empria (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 66 (1): 85-105, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309
89703FBBB0ED381ECAC39BD3E968387D.text	89703FBBB0ED381ECAC39BD3E968387D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Empria pumiloides Lindqvist 1968	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Empria pumiloides Lindqvist, 1968 *</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p> Burgas: 1♂, Burgas 8 km SE, 40 m, 42.432N, 27.527E, 10.04.2018. 1♂, Indzhe Voivoda 3 km NE, 250 m, 42.235N, 27.451E, 12.04.2018. The first specimen was swept from  Filipendula vulgaris Moench. </p>
            <p> Previously only recorded in northern and central Europe (Taeger et al. 2006).  Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim. was the only known host plant (Heidemaa and Prous 2006), but this was absent at both of the above Bulgarian localities, whereas  F. vulgaris was rather abundant. Therefore, it seems likely that  F. vulgaris is also a host. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/89703FBBB0ED381ECAC39BD3E968387D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liston, Andrew;Prous, Marko;Macek, Jan	Liston, Andrew, Prous, Marko, Macek, Jan (2019): On Bulgarian sawflies, including a new species of Empria (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 66 (1): 85-105, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309
376D6BDC80775D08E8C0332FCBB3CEA0.text	376D6BDC80775D08E8C0332FCBB3CEA0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Empria tridens (Konow 1896) *	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Empria tridens (Konow, 1896) *</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>
                  Varna: 1♂ (DEI-GISHym88776),  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.451/lat 42.982)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.451&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.982">Tsonevo</a>
                 5 km S, 100 m, 42.982N, 27.451E, 06.04.2018  .   3♂ (including DEI-GISHym88816, DEI-GISHym88736),  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.787/lat 42.976)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.787&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.976">Staro Oryahovo</a>
                 2 km SW, 120 m, 42.976N, 27.787E, 09.04.2018  .  1♂, locality as previous, 11.04.2018 .   2♂ (DEI-GISHym31967, DEI-GISHym88857),  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.743/lat 42.983)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.743&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.983">Dolni Chiflik</a>
                 2 km SE, 50 m, 42.983N, 27.743E, 13.04.2018  . 
            </p>
            <p> The above specimens are unusually coloured. Abdominal terga (1-) 2-5 (-6) are more or less pale, including the normally black areas surrounding the pale unsclerotised patches (Fig. 38). The corresponding sterna are also more or less pale (Fig. 39). In life, the pale areas are whitish, and more conspicuous than in the pinned specimens, where the colour has become rather brown. No females were collected, so we cannot state whether this sex also exhibits unusual coloration in south-eastern Bulgaria.  Empria tridens has a wide Palaearctic distribution (Prous et al. 2011b). Penis valves are not distinguishable from other  E. tridens and genetic data (based on one male DEI-GISHym88776, Fig. 16) does not indicate the existence of an additional species either (based on three genes, closest specimens are always other specimens of  E. tridens that were studied by Prous et al. 2019). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/376D6BDC80775D08E8C0332FCBB3CEA0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liston, Andrew;Prous, Marko;Macek, Jan	Liston, Andrew, Prous, Marko, Macek, Jan (2019): On Bulgarian sawflies, including a new species of Empria (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 66 (1): 85-105, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309
968EC1E779963851E07A3B01777E4890.text	968EC1E779963851E07A3B01777E4890.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Endelomyia filipendulae Lacourt 1998	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Endelomyia filipendulae Lacourt, 1998 *</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p> Burgas: 1♂ (DEI-GISHym31826), Burgas 8 km SE, 40 m, 42.432N, 27.527E, 10.04.2018. Swept from low vegetation containing much  Filipendula vulgaris . </p>
            <p> The females of  Endelomyia filipendulae are morphologically not easily separable from those of  E. aethiops (Gmelin, 1790) using the ovipositor characters illustrated  by Lacourt (1998). However, these species have clearly different COI barcodes (Schmidt et al. 2017) and different host plants: respectively,  Filipendula vulgaris and  Rosa species (Liston et al. 2006). Males of  E. filipendulae were previously unknown and those of  E. aethiops are rare. As far as we are aware, the penis valve of  E. aethiops has not been figured. The penis valve of the Bulgarian  E. filipendulae specimen is illustrated in Figure 40. </p>
            <p> Endelomyia filipendulae was previously only known from France, Germany, and Italy (Schmidt et al. 2017). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/968EC1E779963851E07A3B01777E4890	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liston, Andrew;Prous, Marko;Macek, Jan	Liston, Andrew, Prous, Marko, Macek, Jan (2019): On Bulgarian sawflies, including a new species of Empria (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 66 (1): 85-105, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309
9807A38ADE8A92406A5DFF1DB4E4F65F.text	9807A38ADE8A92406A5DFF1DB4E4F65F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euura pedunculi (Hartig 1837) *	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Euura pedunculi (Hartig, 1837) *</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>Sliven: 5♀, 1♂, Ichera 3 km SW, 730 m, 42.749N, 26.421E, 14.04.2018.</p>
            <p> Swept from  Salix caprea L. </p>
            <p>Widely distributed in Europe and east to Sakhalin (Liston et al. 2017).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9807A38ADE8A92406A5DFF1DB4E4F65F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liston, Andrew;Prous, Marko;Macek, Jan	Liston, Andrew, Prous, Marko, Macek, Jan (2019): On Bulgarian sawflies, including a new species of Empria (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 66 (1): 85-105, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309
0D8FFC26B8270B5E393CE64759779BE2.text	0D8FFC26B8270B5E393CE64759779BE2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euura venusta (Brischke 1883) *	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Euura venusta (Brischke, 1883) *</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>Sliven: 1♀, Ichera, 490 m, 42.763N, 26.450E, 14.04.2018. 1♂, Ichera 3 km SW, 730 m, 42.749N, 26.421E, 14.04.2018.</p>
            <p> Swept from  Salix caprea . </p>
            <p>Previously recorded in central and northern Europe and east to the Russian Far East (Liston et al. 2017).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0D8FFC26B8270B5E393CE64759779BE2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liston, Andrew;Prous, Marko;Macek, Jan	Liston, Andrew, Prous, Marko, Macek, Jan (2019): On Bulgarian sawflies, including a new species of Empria (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 66 (1): 85-105, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309
F96ED072A99079A7DBB9518702B87026.text	F96ED072A99079A7DBB9518702B87026.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euura vittata (Serville 1823) *	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Euura vittata (Serville, 1823) *</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>Sliven: 1♀, 3♂, Ichera 3 km SW, 730 m, 42.749N, 26.421E, 14.04.2018.</p>
            <p> Swept from  Salix caprea . </p>
            <p> Euura vittata has a wide distribution in the Palaearctic (Lacourt 1999). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F96ED072A99079A7DBB9518702B87026	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liston, Andrew;Prous, Marko;Macek, Jan	Liston, Andrew, Prous, Marko, Macek, Jan (2019): On Bulgarian sawflies, including a new species of Empria (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 66 (1): 85-105, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309
BD4AE51113658C419CE3B2A90C4942C6.text	BD4AE51113658C419CE3B2A90C4942C6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euura humeralis (Serville 1823) *	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Euura
humeralis (Serville, 1823) *
</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>Sliven: 1♂, Ichera 3 km SW, 730 m, 42.749N, 26.421E, 14.04.2018.</p>
            <p> Swept from  Salix caprea . </p>
            <p>Previously recorded from northern and central Europe, south-east to Romania (Taeger et al. 2006), and also from the Eastern Palaearctic (Sundukov 2017).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD4AE51113658C419CE3B2A90C4942C6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liston, Andrew;Prous, Marko;Macek, Jan	Liston, Andrew, Prous, Marko, Macek, Jan (2019): On Bulgarian sawflies, including a new species of Empria (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 66 (1): 85-105, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309
513074066215AE0F813F4D5E3931DDA0.text	513074066215AE0F813F4D5E3931DDA0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heterarthrus wuestneii (Konow 1905) *	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Heterarthrus wuestneii (Konow, 1905) *</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>Sliven: 1♀, Sliven 4 km NE, 440 m, 42.711N, 26.394E, 14.04.2018.</p>
            <p> Heterarthrus wuestneii is widespread in the Western Palaearctic (Liston et al. 2015), but not known north of Denmark (Taeger et al. 2006). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/513074066215AE0F813F4D5E3931DDA0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liston, Andrew;Prous, Marko;Macek, Jan	Liston, Andrew, Prous, Marko, Macek, Jan (2019): On Bulgarian sawflies, including a new species of Empria (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 66 (1): 85-105, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309
06904BE83977966595F089592DD968A8.text	06904BE83977966595F089592DD968A8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hinatara nigripes (Konow 1907)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Hinatara nigripes (Konow, 1907)</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>  We collected a total of 27♀ and 12♂ at various localities in Burgas, Sliven, and Varna provinces, mostly swept from  Acer campestre L., the only known host plant  . </p>
            <p> Hinatara nigripes is only known from central and southern Europe (Taeger et al. 2006). The apparent abundance of the species in Bulgaria contrasts strongly with its rare and sporadic occurrence on the northern edge of its range, such as in Germany (Liston et al. 2012). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/06904BE83977966595F089592DD968A8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liston, Andrew;Prous, Marko;Macek, Jan	Liston, Andrew, Prous, Marko, Macek, Jan (2019): On Bulgarian sawflies, including a new species of Empria (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 66 (1): 85-105, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309
EF1DF8B566913379A555B69799A59572.text	EF1DF8B566913379A555B69799A59572.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hoplocampa cantoti Chevin 1986	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Hoplocampa cantoti Chevin, 1986 *</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>  Varna: 1♀, Tsonevo 5 km S, 100 m, 42.982N, 27.451E, 02.04.2018. 1♀ (DEI-GISHym88748), locality as previous, 03.04.2018. 1♀, locality as previous, 06.04.2018. 5♀, Dolni Chiflik 2 km SE, 50 m, 42.983N, 27.743E, 05.04.2018. 1♀, locality as previous, 13.04.2018. Mostly swept from  Prunus spinosa L., and once or twice from  P. domestica L. growing among these  . </p>
            <p> Chevin (1986) suggested that the host of  H. cantoti is  Prunus mahaleb L., which is a characteristic component of the woody vegetation of the two known French localities. However,  Prunus mahaleb was not seen at the Bulgarian localities. Therefore, we suppose that the host is  Prunus spinosa , from which we collected most of the specimens. </p>
            <p> Until now, this species was only known from the three female type specimens collected in northern France (Chevin 1986) . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EF1DF8B566913379A555B69799A59572	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liston, Andrew;Prous, Marko;Macek, Jan	Liston, Andrew, Prous, Marko, Macek, Jan (2019): On Bulgarian sawflies, including a new species of Empria (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 66 (1): 85-105, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309
15ED83B456F8BE2E270729640502F455.text	15ED83B456F8BE2E270729640502F455.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hoplocampa flava (Linnaeus 1760)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Hoplocampa flava (Linnaeus, 1760)</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>
                  Pazardzhik: 1♀,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 24.128/lat 42.319)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=24.128&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.319">Vinogradets</a>
                 3 km N, 300 m, 42.319N, 24.128E, 31.03.2018  . 
            </p>
            <p> Not mentioned as occurring in Bulgaria by Vassilev (1978) or Taeger et al. (2006), although the species is a significant pest of cultivated plums in some parts of the country (Andreev and Kutinkova 2010). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/15ED83B456F8BE2E270729640502F455	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liston, Andrew;Prous, Marko;Macek, Jan	Liston, Andrew, Prous, Marko, Macek, Jan (2019): On Bulgarian sawflies, including a new species of Empria (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 66 (1): 85-105, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309
E260CC2224598E178C6EE8B856FECF04.text	E260CC2224598E178C6EE8B856FECF04.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hoplocampa fulvicornis (Panzer 1801) *	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Hoplocampa fulvicornis (Panzer, 1801) *</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>Burgas: 1♀, Banya 3 km E, 40 m, 42.767N, 27.853E, 01.04.2018. 2♀, Slanchev Bryag 1 km N, 70 m, 42.718N, 27.725E, 01.04.2018. 2♀, 2♂, Sozopol 6 km S, 10 m, 42.361N, 27.700E, 04.04.2018. 1♀, Veselie 3 km NW, 50 m, 42.346N, 27.590E, 04.04.2018.</p>
            <p>Pazardzhik: 3♀, 6♂, Vinogradets 3 km N, 300 m, 42.319N, 24.128E, 31.03.2018.</p>
            <p> Varna: 4♀, 2♂, Rudnik 1 km SE, 100 m, 42.944N, 27.781E, 02.04.2018. 1♂, Tsonevo 1 km SW, 100 m, 43.016N, 27.428E, 02.04.2018. 2♀, 1♂, Tsonevo 5 km S, 100 m, 42.982N, 27.451E, 02.04.2018.  1♀, locality as previous, 03.04.2018 .  2♀, locality as previous, 06.04.2018 . 10♀, 3♂, Dolni Chiflik 2 km SE, 50 m, 42.983N, 27.743E, 05.04.2018.  4♀, locality as previous, 13.04.2018 . 1♀, Golitsa 1 km E, 240 m, 42.918N, 27.562E, 05.04.2018. 1♀, 3♂, Staro Oryahovo 2 km SW, 120 m, 42.976N, 27.787E, 08.04.2018.  3♀, 2♂, locality as previous, 13.04.2018 . </p>
            <p> Hoplocampa
fulvicornis
 occurs in Europe and Turkey (Lacourt 1999). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E260CC2224598E178C6EE8B856FECF04	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liston, Andrew;Prous, Marko;Macek, Jan	Liston, Andrew, Prous, Marko, Macek, Jan (2019): On Bulgarian sawflies, including a new species of Empria (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 66 (1): 85-105, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309
09342328B50094B35968F9B6E1FDE39C.text	09342328B50094B35968F9B6E1FDE39C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrophya recognata Zombori, 1979 * 1979	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Macrophya recognata Zombori, 1979 *</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>Kyustendil: 1♂, Rila-Gebirge, Rila-Kloster [= Rilski Manastir], 42.133N, 23.350E, 20.06.1990, leg. A. Taeger &amp; F. Menzel, det. A. Taeger (by exchange now in private collection of Matti Viitasaari, Helsinki).</p>
            <p>Recorded from central and eastern Europe, and the Caucasus (Lacourt 1999).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/09342328B50094B35968F9B6E1FDE39C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liston, Andrew;Prous, Marko;Macek, Jan	Liston, Andrew, Prous, Marko, Macek, Jan (2019): On Bulgarian sawflies, including a new species of Empria (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 66 (1): 85-105, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309
5CAB804AD699B86E00A7BDA9F69F1530.text	5CAB804AD699B86E00A7BDA9F69F1530.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nematus lucidus (Panzer 1801) *	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Nematus lucidus (Panzer, 1801) *</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>Burgas: 2♂, Mrezhichko 1 km W, 370 m, 42.860N, 27.397E, 07.04.2018. 1♂ (DEI-GISHym88830), Primorsko 4 km NW, 20 m, 42.300N, 27.729E, 10.04.2018. 1♀, Indzhe Voivoda 3 km NE, 250 m, 42.235N, 27.451E, 12.04.2018.</p>
            <p>Varna: 1♂, Tsonevo 1 km SW, 100 m, 43.016N, 27.428E, 02.04.2018. 1♂ (DEI-GISHym88773), Tsonevo 5 km S, 100 m, 42.982N, 27.451E, 06.04.2018. 2♂, Goren Chiflik 1 km SW, 40 m, 43.001N, 27.621E, 13.04.2018. 1♀, Dolni Chiflik 2 km SE, 50 m, 42.983N, 27.743E, 13.04.2018.</p>
            <p> Nematus lucidus is widespread in the Western and Eastern Palaearctic (Sundukov 2017). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5CAB804AD699B86E00A7BDA9F69F1530	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liston, Andrew;Prous, Marko;Macek, Jan	Liston, Andrew, Prous, Marko, Macek, Jan (2019): On Bulgarian sawflies, including a new species of Empria (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 66 (1): 85-105, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309
18851AB79FE6AA8A97FD6857AA6AE9D2.text	18851AB79FE6AA8A97FD6857AA6AE9D2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nematus umbratus (Thomson 1871) (Thomson, 1871) *	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Nematus umbratus (Thomson, 1871) *</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>Varna: 1♀, Staro Oryahovo 2 km SW, 120 m, 42.976N, 27.787E, 09.04.2018.</p>
            <p>Central and northern Europe (Taeger et al. 2006), to East Siberia (Sundukov 2017).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/18851AB79FE6AA8A97FD6857AA6AE9D2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liston, Andrew;Prous, Marko;Macek, Jan	Liston, Andrew, Prous, Marko, Macek, Jan (2019): On Bulgarian sawflies, including a new species of Empria (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 66 (1): 85-105, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309
9408E84E51ADA8477D9E4B7B8C843E90.text	9408E84E51ADA8477D9E4B7B8C843E90.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neomessa steusloffi (Konow 1892) *	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Neomessa steusloffi (Konow, 1892) *</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p> Varna: 1♂ (DEI-GISHym88743), Tsonevo 5 km S, 100 m, 42.982N, 27.451E, 02.04.2018.  1♀ (DEI-GISHym88749), locality as previous, 03.04.2018 . 6♀ (including DEI-GISHym31831), 4♂ (including DEI-GISHym31830 and 31832), Dolni Chiflik 2 km SE, 50 m, 42.983N, 27.743E, 05.04.2018.  1♀, locality as previous, 13.04.2018 . 1♂, Staro Oryahovo 2 km SW, 120 m,  42.976 N, 27.787E, 09.04.2018.  1♀, locality as previous, 11.04.2018 . </p>
            <p>Other material examined.</p>
            <p> Germany, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern: 1♂ [lectotype; in very poor condition], Neubrandenburg i. M. (SDEI) . 1♀, near Teschendorf [according to Konow 1897: "in hiesiger Gegend"] (SDEI). </p>
            <p>Taxonomic history.</p>
            <p> ?  Fenusa sp. nov. Konow 1885: 298-299. Description of male. </p>
            <p> Fenusa steusloffi Konow, 1892: 213. Name proposed by indication on Konow (1885). Syntypes. Type locality: Neubrandenburg i. M. [Germany, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Neubrandenburg]. Konow 1897: 180-181, description of female. </p>
            <p> Fenusa steusloffii . Dalla Torre 1894: 157. Name for  Fenusa steusloffi Konow, 1892. Primary homonym of  Fenusa steusloffi Konow, 1892. </p>
            <p> Fenusella steusloffi . Enslin 1914: 306. New combination. </p>
            <p> Metallus steusloffi . Benson 1959: 90. New combination, invalid lectotype designation [of the female specimen in SDEI collection]. </p>
            <p> Neomessa steusloffi . Koch 1990: 72-73. New combination, redescription, lectotype designation. </p>
            <p> This species (and thus the monotypic genus to which it belongs) does not run unambiguously to a genus in the key to fenusine genera of the world by Smith (1976a), because it has the following combination of characters: winged; tarsal claw with one outer tooth and an acute basal lobe; prepectus absent; genal carina absent; stub of vein 2A+3A of fore wing curved up. With the genal carina scored as absent (this character is difficult to see),  N. steusloffi does not run past couplet 17, because the radial cell of the hind wing is open at the apex, but the stub of vein 2A+3A of the fore wing is curved. If the genal carina is scored as present, then in the final key couplet leading to  Scolioneura , the character given by Smith "antennal segments 3 and 4 about equal in length" does not fit  N. steusloffi , which has antennomere 4 about 0.6  × as long as antennomere 3. </p>
            <p> Both Konow (1885) and Koch (1990) have already described a distinctive character in the venation of  Neomessa : fore wing vein Rs+M is largely obsolete except for a small stub on Rs, and Rs is strongly bent at this point (Fig. 41). All examined specimens show this. Within the  Fenusini , this character is apparently unique to  Neomessa . Furthermore, fore wing vein M is very straight, whereas it is basally curved in most other genera. The male (Fig. 43) is additionally easily distinguishable from other Western Palaearctic fenusines by the colour of the abdomen, which is black with the following yellow: apical terga from T5 or T6 (Fig. 45), sterna S8 and S9 and narrow distal margin of S7 (Fig. 44), and visible parts of genitalia. Only the male of  Parna tenella (Klug, 1816) also has an extensively yellow abdomen; but it differs in only abdominal terga 1 and 2 being mainly black, and in its largely pale legs (legs nearly entirely black in  N. steusloffi : Figs 42, 43). We illustrate the penis valve of one of the Bulgarian specimens (Fig. 46), because the drawing by Koch (1990) lacks detail. </p>
            <p> Based on the combined analyses of mitochondrial COI and nuclear NaK genes (one sequenced male DEI-GISHym88743), the species forms a strongly supported clade with  Scolioneura and  Fenusella , but the relationships between the three genera are less well resolved (Fig. 47). </p>
            <p> Biology . </p>
            <p> Host plant unknown. All the Bulgarian specimens were swept from the newly opened buds or fresh leaves of one or more unidentified  Quercus species, with the exception of the first male, which was swept from low vegetation just outside an area of mixed woodland. According to Konow (1885), the small series of syntype males was collected from flowers of  Prunus spinosa . Subsequent authors (e.g. Benson 1959) have therefore suspected  P. spinosa to be the host plant. According to our observations,  Quercus seems to be a more likely host. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> Previously only definitely known from Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, in north-eastern Germany, and now from south-eastern Bulgaria. Muche (1973) published a record of a female identified as this species from  Großschönau (Germany, Saxony). However, because he mentioned that this specimen possessed four cubital cells in the fore wing (unlike any specimens which we have seen), it seems likely that it was misidentified. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9408E84E51ADA8477D9E4B7B8C843E90	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liston, Andrew;Prous, Marko;Macek, Jan	Liston, Andrew, Prous, Marko, Macek, Jan (2019): On Bulgarian sawflies, including a new species of Empria (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 66 (1): 85-105, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309
0FB62F7016F535D382AEE145187131B4.text	0FB62F7016F535D382AEE145187131B4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parna apicalis (Brischke 1888) *	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Parna apicalis (Brischke, 1888) *</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>Varna: 1♀, Goren Chiflik, 30 m, 43.014N, 27.626E, 13.04.2018.</p>
            <p> The recorded distribution of this species stretches from southern Fennoscandia and the British Isles, through Central Europe (Taeger et al. 2006), reaching south-east as far as Croatia (  Matoševic et al. 2009) and Hungary (Edmunds 2016). Muche (1977) briefly described a "  Parna aff. tenella (Klug)" from a single female specimen collected on Mount Vitoscha. Although his description might be thought to refer to  P. apicalis , the specimen, in the Museum  für Naturkunde, Berlin, was examined by AL and found to be  Hinatara nigripes . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0FB62F7016F535D382AEE145187131B4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liston, Andrew;Prous, Marko;Macek, Jan	Liston, Andrew, Prous, Marko, Macek, Jan (2019): On Bulgarian sawflies, including a new species of Empria (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 66 (1): 85-105, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309
5D8A3B2DB212C1BB41987940C69C5B6E.text	5D8A3B2DB212C1BB41987940C69C5B6E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pristiphora abbreviata (Hartig 1837) *	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pristiphora abbreviata (Hartig, 1837) *</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>Burgas: 1♀ (DEI-GISHym88845), Indzhe Voivoda 3 km NE, 250 m, 42.235N, 27.451E, 12.04.2018.</p>
            <p> Pristiphora abbreviata is widely distributed in the Palaearctic and has also been introduced to North America (Sundukov 2017). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5D8A3B2DB212C1BB41987940C69C5B6E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liston, Andrew;Prous, Marko;Macek, Jan	Liston, Andrew, Prous, Marko, Macek, Jan (2019): On Bulgarian sawflies, including a new species of Empria (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 66 (1): 85-105, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309
A09C317144E0CF82627B2B3BCD516515.text	A09C317144E0CF82627B2B3BCD516515.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pristiphora armata (Thomson 1863) (Thomson, 1863) *	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pristiphora armata (Thomson, 1863) *</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>Burgas: 2♂ (including DEI-GISHym88846), Indzhe Voivoda 3 km NE, 250 m, 42.235N, 27.451E, 12.04.2018.</p>
            <p>Varna: 1♂ (DEI-GISHym88848), Goren Chiflik 1 km SW, 40 m, 43.001N, 27.621E, 13.04.2018. 1♀, Dolni Chiflik 2 km SE, 50 m, 42.983N, 27.743E, 13.04.2018.</p>
            <p>Widespread in the West Palaearctic (Prous et al. 2017); records from the Russian Far East (Sundukov 2017) require confirmation because the characterisation of this species in earlier literature was inadequate for identification.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A09C317144E0CF82627B2B3BCD516515	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liston, Andrew;Prous, Marko;Macek, Jan	Liston, Andrew, Prous, Marko, Macek, Jan (2019): On Bulgarian sawflies, including a new species of Empria (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 66 (1): 85-105, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309
A7EFD2C521B32B99B3D647083FFB167D.text	A7EFD2C521B32B99B3D647083FFB167D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pristiphora biscalis (Foerster 1854) *	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 
Pristiphora biscalis (
Foerster
, 1854) *
</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>Burgas: 2♂, Primorsko 4 km NW, 20 m, 42.300N, 27.729E, 10.04.2018.</p>
            <p>Sliven: 1♀, Sliven 6 km NE, 470 m, 42.726N, 26.402E, 14.04.2018.</p>
            <p>Varna: 1♂ (DEI-GISHym88850), Dolni Chiflik 2 km SE, 50 m, 42.983N, 27.743E, 13.04.2018.</p>
            <p> Widespread in the Western Palaearctic, north to southern Sweden (Prous et al. 2017). According to Sundukov (2017) also in the Eastern Palaearctic, but at least some of the earlier records of  P. biscalis in the Russian literature are based on misidentifications (Zinovjev 1993). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A7EFD2C521B32B99B3D647083FFB167D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liston, Andrew;Prous, Marko;Macek, Jan	Liston, Andrew, Prous, Marko, Macek, Jan (2019): On Bulgarian sawflies, including a new species of Empria (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 66 (1): 85-105, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309
F91BF886A93C45D5487FBA6C6EE98BC2.text	F91BF886A93C45D5487FBA6C6EE98BC2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pristiphora depressa (Hartig 1840) *	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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        <div>
            <p> Pristiphora depressa (Hartig, 1840) *</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>Varna: 2♀, Staro Oryahovo 2 km SW, 120 m, 42.976N, 27.787E, 09.04.2018. 1♀, Dolni Chiflik 2 km SE, 50 m, 42.983N, 27.743E, 13.04.2018.</p>
            <p> All specimens were swept from  Acer campestre , which is almost certainly the larval host, because no other  Acer species was present at these localities.  Pristiphora depressa is under-recorded, because it was until recently mixed up with  P. subbifida (Thomson, 1871), but apparently has a wide distribution in Europe from Sweden to southern Italy (Prous et al. 2017). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F91BF886A93C45D5487FBA6C6EE98BC2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liston, Andrew;Prous, Marko;Macek, Jan	Liston, Andrew, Prous, Marko, Macek, Jan (2019): On Bulgarian sawflies, including a new species of Empria (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 66 (1): 85-105, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309
6A8AC66E7A7A9E4A8595E84D77557422.text	6A8AC66E7A7A9E4A8595E84D77557422.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pristiphora fausta (Hartig 1837) *	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pristiphora fausta (Hartig, 1837) *</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p> Varna: 2♂, Staro Oryahovo 2 km SW, 120 m, 42.976N, 27.787E, 08.04.2018.  1♀, locality as previous, 11.04.2018 . </p>
            <p>Recorded from Central and Southern Europe (Prous et al. 2017), as well as Moldavia (Ermolenko and Plugaru 1973).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6A8AC66E7A7A9E4A8595E84D77557422	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liston, Andrew;Prous, Marko;Macek, Jan	Liston, Andrew, Prous, Marko, Macek, Jan (2019): On Bulgarian sawflies, including a new species of Empria (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 66 (1): 85-105, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309
99BD8CD35F533A12B22E9FC9B1680D7C.text	99BD8CD35F533A12B22E9FC9B1680D7C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pristiphora maesta (Zaddach 1876) *	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pristiphora maesta (Zaddach, 1876) *</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>Burgas: 1♂ (DEI-GISHym88844), Indzhe Voivoda 3 km NE, 250 m, 42.235N, 27.451E, 12.04.2018.</p>
            <p>Occurs in Europe, Caucasus, East Siberia, and the Russian Far East (Sundukov 2017).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/99BD8CD35F533A12B22E9FC9B1680D7C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liston, Andrew;Prous, Marko;Macek, Jan	Liston, Andrew, Prous, Marko, Macek, Jan (2019): On Bulgarian sawflies, including a new species of Empria (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 66 (1): 85-105, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309
392A64756D02A279EEA78946CD058319.text	392A64756D02A279EEA78946CD058319.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pristiphora monogyniae (Hartig 1840) *	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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        <div>
            <p> Pristiphora
monogyniae (Hartig, 1840) *
</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p> Burgas: 2♂, Primorsko 4 km NW, 20 m, 42.300N, 27.729E, 04.04.2018.  1♀, 1♂, locality as previous, 10.04.2018 . 1♀, Indzhe Voivoda 3 km NE, 250 m, 42.235N, 27.451E, 12.04.2018. </p>
            <p>Sliven: 1♀, Sliven 6 km NE, 470 m, 42.726N, 26.402E, 14.04.2018.</p>
            <p> Varna: 1♂, Tsonevo 5 km S, 100 m, 42.982N, 27.451E, 06.04.2018.  1♂, locality as previous, 08.04.2018 . 1♂, Staro Oryahovo 2 km SW, 120 m, 42.976N, 27.787E, 08.04.2018.  2♂, locality as previous, 09.04.2018 .  1♀, 2♂, locality as previous, 11.04.2018 . 3♀, 5♂, Dolni Chiflik 2 km SE, 50 m, 42.983N, 27.743E, 13.04.2018. </p>
            <p>Widespread in Europe, north to Sweden (Prous et al. 2017), also in the Caucasus (Sundukov 2017).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/392A64756D02A279EEA78946CD058319	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liston, Andrew;Prous, Marko;Macek, Jan	Liston, Andrew, Prous, Marko, Macek, Jan (2019): On Bulgarian sawflies, including a new species of Empria (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 66 (1): 85-105, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309
3689599968C147842FEC54A66B0D2E5A.text	3689599968C147842FEC54A66B0D2E5A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudodineura fuscula (Klug 1816) *	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pseudodineura
fuscula (Klug, 1816) *
</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>Burgas: 1♀, Primorsko 4 km NW, 20 m, 42.300N, 27.729E, 03.04.2018. 1♀, Mrezhichko 1 km W, 370 m, 42.860N, 27.397E, 07.04.2018.</p>
            <p> Varna: 1♀, Tsonevo 5 km S, 100 m, 42.982N, 27.451E, 02.04.2018.  1♀, locality as previous, 03.04.2018 . </p>
            <p>Southern, central and northern Europe, including British Isles (Taeger et al. 2006), Armenia, Kazakhstan, and eastern Siberia (Sundukov 2017), and introduced to North America (Smith 1976b).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3689599968C147842FEC54A66B0D2E5A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liston, Andrew;Prous, Marko;Macek, Jan	Liston, Andrew, Prous, Marko, Macek, Jan (2019): On Bulgarian sawflies, including a new species of Empria (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 66 (1): 85-105, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309
835F5A7CEABC75B09E2441D45C65E4D4.text	835F5A7CEABC75B09E2441D45C65E4D4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sciapteryx byzantina Benson 1968	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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        <div>
            <p> Sciapteryx byzantina Benson, 1968 *</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p> Burgas: 2♀, 1♂ (DEI-GISHym88755), Primorsko 4 km NW, 20 m, 42.300N, 27.729E, 04.04.2018.  1♂ (DEI-GISHym31834), locality as previous, 10.04.2018 . </p>
            <p> Varna: 2♂ (including DEI-GISHym88746), Tsonevo 5 km S, 100 m, 42.982N, 27.451E, 02.04.2018.  2♀, locality as previous, 03.04.2018 .  1♀, locality as previous, 06.04.2018 . 1♀, Goren Chiflik 1 km SW, 40 m, 43.001N, 27.621E, 13.04.2018. 1♀ (DEI-GISHym31835), Dolni Chiflik 2 km SE, 50 m, 42.983N, 27.743E, 13.04.2018. </p>
            <p> All specimens were collected from patches of  Ranunculus constantinopolitanus (DC.)  d’Urv . in damp places, often at woodland edges. </p>
            <p> Adults are morphologically similar to  S. consobrina (Klug, 1816), and most easily distinguished from that and other  Sciapteryx species by the pale parts of fore wing pterostigma, costa, and subcosta (Figs 48, 49, 52, 53), as described in the key by Benson (1968). The Bulgarian specimens agree well with the original description of this species (Benson 1968), except for the following details: body length is 8-9 mm (as given also by Benson), but one male only 7mm; labial and maxillary palps largely pale, but apical palpomeres more or less dark (Fig. 50) (Benson wrote only that the labial palps are yellowish white); distal margin of tergum 1 more or less pale, but entirely black in one female (Benson wrote that apical margins of all terga are more or less pale); outer margin of tegula more or less pale, and inside dark (Fig. 51) (Benson wrote that the "front half of tegula" is pale). </p>
            <p> The COI barcode region of DEI-GISHym88746 shows a divergence of 5.3% from the closest neighbour,  Sciapteryx laeta Konow, 1891 (DEI-GISHym4857). </p>
            <p> The host plants of most  Sciapteryx species remain unrecorded, but because at least  S. costalis and  S. consobrina are known to use  Ranunculus species as hosts (Lorenz and Kraus 1957;  Beneš 1960), we speculate that  R. constantinopolitanus is the larval host of  S. byzantina . </p>
            <p> Sciapteryx byzantina  was previously known only from the type specimens, collected in  European Turkey near Istanbul, and at Rize in north-eastern Turkey (Anatolia) (Benson 1968)  . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/835F5A7CEABC75B09E2441D45C65E4D4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liston, Andrew;Prous, Marko;Macek, Jan	Liston, Andrew, Prous, Marko, Macek, Jan (2019): On Bulgarian sawflies, including a new species of Empria (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 66 (1): 85-105, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309
82FD0FAE0E4C3D299BEC6ACAB36B1F5F.text	82FD0FAE0E4C3D299BEC6ACAB36B1F5F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Strongylogaster xanthocera (Stephens 1835) *	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Strongylogaster
xanthocera (Stephens, 1835) *
</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>  Varna: 5♂, Staro Oryahovo 2 km SW, 120 m, 42.976N, 27.787E, 08.04.2018. 1♀, 7♂, locality as previous, 11.04.2018. All specimens swept from very young growth of  Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn, the main host plant. Males can be identified using the characters described by Welke (1959: 253-254)  . </p>
            <p> Strongylogaster xanthocera has an extensive Palaearctic distribution (Sundukov 2017), including North Africa (Blank 2002). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/82FD0FAE0E4C3D299BEC6ACAB36B1F5F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liston, Andrew;Prous, Marko;Macek, Jan	Liston, Andrew, Prous, Marko, Macek, Jan (2019): On Bulgarian sawflies, including a new species of Empria (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 66 (1): 85-105, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309
D2FA4C9BAFC89B55AAE87B9170AF4148.text	D2FA4C9BAFC89B55AAE87B9170AF4148.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tenthredo giraudi (Taeger 1991) *	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Tenthredo giraudi (Taeger, 1991) *</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>Sliven: 1♂, Sliven 4 km NE, 440 m, 42.711N, 26.394E, 14.04.2018, det. A. Taeger.</p>
            <p>Previously recorded only from Austria, Italy, and Slovenia (Taeger et al. 2006).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D2FA4C9BAFC89B55AAE87B9170AF4148	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liston, Andrew;Prous, Marko;Macek, Jan	Liston, Andrew, Prous, Marko, Macek, Jan (2019): On Bulgarian sawflies, including a new species of Empria (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 66 (1): 85-105, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309
B40487D1CB1458DA859B9FDE3F3A00CB.text	B40487D1CB1458DA859B9FDE3F3A00CB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xiphydria picta Konow 1897	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Xiphydria picta Konow, 1897 *</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>
                  Dobrich: 1♀, 1♂, Albena Kranevo, 43.35N, 28.06E, 04- 05.09.1981, leg. T.-E. Leiler (  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.06/lat 43.35)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.06&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.35">Swedish Museum of Natural History</a>
                 , Stockholm)  . 
            </p>
            <p> Xiphydria picta is infrequently recorded, but has an extensive range in the Western Palaearctic (Sundukov 2017). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B40487D1CB1458DA859B9FDE3F3A00CB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liston, Andrew;Prous, Marko;Macek, Jan	Liston, Andrew, Prous, Marko, Macek, Jan (2019): On Bulgarian sawflies, including a new species of Empria (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 66 (1): 85-105, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309
61A0697640DB49EB6034DA8E0FF28A3A.text	61A0697640DB49EB6034DA8E0FF28A3A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xyela curva Benson, 1938 * 1938	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Xyela curva Benson, 1938 *</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>Burgas: 5♀, 1♂, Prosenik 1 km NW, 150 m, 42.805N, 27.436E, 07.04.2018. 1♀, Burgas 8 km SE, 40 m, 42.432N, 27.527E, 10.04.2018. 1♀, Indzhe Voivoda 3 km NE, 250 m, 42.235N, 27.451E, 12.04.2018.</p>
            <p>Varna: 1♂, Goren Chiflik, 30 m, 43.014N, 27.626E, 13.04.2018.</p>
            <p> Most specimens swept from  Pinus nigra . </p>
            <p> Widespread in the Western Palaearctic throughout the natural range of  Pinus nigra J.F.Arnold, and also on introduced  P. nigra in more northern areas of Europe (Blank et al. 2013, with distribution map as fig. 11). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/61A0697640DB49EB6034DA8E0FF28A3A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liston, Andrew;Prous, Marko;Macek, Jan	Liston, Andrew, Prous, Marko, Macek, Jan (2019): On Bulgarian sawflies, including a new species of Empria (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 66 (1): 85-105, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309
2A0E43A5099B38E00D07D55C29583904.text	2A0E43A5099B38E00D07D55C29583904.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xyela menelaus Benson 1960	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Xyela menelaus Benson, 1960 *</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>Burgas: 1♀, Prosenik 1 km NW, 150 m, 42.805N, 27.436E, 07.04.2018.</p>
            <p> Swept from  Pinus nigra . </p>
            <p>The known range includes several other Balkan countries, as well as Austria and Sicily (Italy) (Blank et al. 2013).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2A0E43A5099B38E00D07D55C29583904	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liston, Andrew;Prous, Marko;Macek, Jan	Liston, Andrew, Prous, Marko, Macek, Jan (2019): On Bulgarian sawflies, including a new species of Empria (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 66 (1): 85-105, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309
