identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
C146F8A35802D53CC55AF8A11AB49BB2.text	C146F8A35802D53CC55AF8A11AB49BB2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zhenia Q. Zhang et al. 2016	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Zhenia Q. Zhang et al., 2016</p>
            <p>Type species.</p>
            <p> Zhenia xiai Q. Zhang et al., 2016. </p>
            <p>Emended diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Closely similar to  Eremomukha Mostovski, 1996, but smaller (body &lt;10 mm long); cell r1 narrowly open, or closed at or just before wing margin; R4+5 simple or with a very shallow fork; M1 arising distad to end of discal cell; claw vestigial or absent; pulvillus and empodium extremely developed; male genitalia with aedeagus long, subcylindrical, gonocoxite stout, gonostylus without spine, cercus short, one-segmented, positioned behind hypoproct(?); female with ovipositor of piercing type, including swollen abdominal eighth segment, elongated, tapering eighth sternite with cloacal opening at middle of ovipositor, aculeus (fused ninth segment +cerci?) strongly sclerotized. </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Until now, the subfamily  Eremomukhinae has included eight species belonging to two genera:  Eremomukha (Eremocreta) addita Mostovski, 1996,  Eremomukha (Eremocreta) posita Mostovski, 1996,  Eremomukha (Eremocreta) sorosi Mostovski, 1996,  Eremomukha (Eremomukha) angusta J. Zhang, 2014,  Eremomukha (Eremomukha) tsokutukha Mostovski, 1996,  Eremomukha (Eremomukha) insidiosa Mostovski, 1996,  Eremomukha (Eremomukha) tenuissima J. Zhang, 2014, and  Zhenia xiai . Recently, new  Zhenia specimens have been recovered from the Late Cretaceous amber of Myanmar. Among them, one new female and two new male flies of the genus  Zhenia were identified. Based on these new findings, an emended diagnosis of this genus is proposed.  Zhenia demonstrates close similarities in body structure and wing venation to  Eremomukha , an Early Cretaceous eremochaited genus from Mongolia and China, but  Zhenia differs mainly from  Eremomukha by the characterized M1, which arises distad to end of discal cell. In contrast,  Eremomukha has M1 arising directly from the anterior margin of the discal cell. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C146F8A35802D53CC55AF8A11AB49BB2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zhang, Qingqing;Zhang, Junfeng	Zhang, Qingqing, Zhang, Junfeng (2019): Contribution to the knowledge of male and female eremochaetid flies in the late Cretaceous amber of Burma (Diptera, Brachycera, Eremochaetidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 66 (1): 75-83, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.33914, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.33914
0F20E3779FEF8BD977D5EC241474840C.text	0F20E3779FEF8BD977D5EC241474840C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zhenia xiai Q. Zhang et al. 2016	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Zhenia xiai Q. Zhang et al., 2016 Figures 1, 2, 3b, 8C </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Male flies with antennal pedicel subcylindrical; Rs deviating from R clearly distal to M fork; R2+3 meeting R1 just at C (i.e. cell r1 sessile); R4+5 simple; section C between R4+5 and M1 longer than section C between M1 and M2; M1 slightly arched upwards medially, ending behind apex of wing; M3 arched downwards medially; haltere with boot-like knob; abdominal second segment longest; basitarsus of hindleg as long as, or shorter than, tarsomeres II-V combined; genitalia with gonocoxite conical, gonostylus sickle-like, aedeagus relatively short, not reaching hind margin of gonocoxite.</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Male. Body and legs brown (Fig. 1A, C), covered with dense short hairs (Fig. 1D). Head large, subovate. Eyes large, holoptic, occupying almost whole head (Figs 1A, C, 2A). Antenna thin and short; scape very small, spherical; pedicel elongated, subcylindrical, slightly wider apically than basally; flagellum ovate-oblong, narrower and shorter than pedicel; arista long, slightly longer than scape, pedicel and flagellum combined (Figs 1B, 2A). Mouthparts with only boot-like labellum visible (Fig. 2A).</p>
            <p>Thorax stout, thicker and longer than head. Scutum distinctly convex; scutellum rather small, triangular. Wing narrow and long, 3.2 times longer than wide, apex of wing round (Figs 1A, 2A). Costal vein terminating at the wing apex; vein Sc short, ending nearly at level of end of distal cell; R1 long, straight; Rs deviating from R clearly distal to M fork, section of Rs stem nearly as long as section bR4 + 5; R2 + 3 almost straight, fused with R1 just at anterior margin of wing; cell r1 narrow and long, fusiform, with no petiole; section of R4 + 5 + M1 separating from anterior margin of cell d nearly at its end, forked distinctly distad to level of the apex of the discal cell, about 10 times longer than section bM2; M1 slightly arched medially, terminating clearly behind wing apex. M2 more or less arched downwards apically; M3 clearly arched downwards apically, M4 absent; cell d hexagonal, nearly 2.7 times longer than wide; m-m long, straight; bM3 short; m-cu long, nearly three times longer than bM3; cell br obviously longer than, but nearly as wide as, cell bm; cell cu (traditionally anal cell) closed with short petiole (Figs 1A, 2A). Haltere thin and long, knob relatively large, boot-like (Fig. 2A). Forelegs and midlegs relatively thin and short but with pulvillus and empodium extremely elongated, which are very closely similar in length and in shape to those of hindleg; hindlegs relatively stout and long; coxa stout, obtuse-triangular; femur clavate, nearly as long as half of abdominal length; tibia subcylindrical, slightly shorter and obviously narrower than femur; tarsus very short, nearly one-third of length of tibia, basitarsus shorter than, or nearly as long as, tarsomeres II-V combined, ratio of tarsomeres 1.0:0.24:0.21:0.33:0.55, empodium similar in length and shape to pulvillus, narrowly phylliform in lateral view, less than one-half of length of tarsus (Fig. 2A, C).</p>
            <p>Abdomen thin and long, subcylindrical, nearly two times longer than head and thorax combined; eight segments visible; first very short, second longest, remainder gradually reduced in length terminally; ratio of segments 1.0:2.2:2.1:1.5:1.5:1.0:0.9:0.8; ninth segment forming male genitalia, nearly as long as eighth (Figs 1A, B, 2A). Genitalia covered with thin and long hairs; gonocoxite stout and long, subconical, basally thicker than apically; gonostylus with dense hairs on outer margin but glabrous on inner margin, relatively small, sickle-like, sharp apically, strongly curved inwards; aedeagus (phallus) relatively short, not reaching hind margin of gonocoxite, simple (not forked apically), rounded apically (Figs 1D, E, 2B).</p>
            <p>Dimensions.</p>
            <p>Topotype NIGP170824, body length ca 7.8 mm; head length 1.0 mm; thorax length 1.5 mm; wing length 4.4 mm, width 1.4 mm; hindleg length 5.9 mm (coxa 0.5 mm, trochanter 0.2 mm, femur 2.3 mm, tibia 2.1 mm, tarsus 0.8 mm); abdomen length 5.3 mm.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Myanmar amber, Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian); Hukawng Valley, Kachin Province, Myanmar.</p>
            <p> Remarks . </p>
            <p> Zhenia xiai was erected based on three female flies from Myanmar amber: the holotype BA02-15001 and two paratypes NIGP163430 and BA02-15003 (Q. Zhang et al. 2016). The new male specimen from the same locality demonstrates many close similarities in body structures and wing venation to those of  Z. xiai and is assigned to this species. The following characters are shared by the male and females: antennal pedicel elongate, subcylindrical, wider apically than basally; the second abdominal segment longest; basitarsus of hindleg shorter than (or nearly as long as) tarsomeres II-V combined; in wing venation, Rs deviating from R clearly distal to M fork; section C between R4+5 and M1 longer than section C between M1 and M2; M1arched upwards medially, ending behind apex of wing; M3 arched downwards medially (vs  Z. burmensis sp. nov. described below). The male differs from those females in that: cell r1 is sessile (vs with short petiole in female); and R4+5 is simple (vs forked apically in female). These differences might be sexually dimorphic or individual variation. </p>
            <p> Grimaldi and Barden (2016) described another female fly (AMNH BuSD-2) from the same locality that was assigned to  Z. xiai. Indeed, it demonstrates close similarities in body structures and wing venation to those of  Z. xiai but differs from the holotype of (BA02-15001) and the paratype (NIGP163430) of this species in that: antennal pedicel is conical, basally clearly thicker than apically (vs subcylindrical, apically thicker than basally); body is covered with dark brown markings dorsally on thorax and on abdominal tergites and sternites (vs no dark brown markings dorsally on thorax and on abdominal tergites and sternites except for the paratype BA02-15003); and the abdominal second to sixth segments are almost equal in length, with the third longest (vs the second longest); ovipositor is fringed with dense hairs ventrally (vs almost glabrous), and relatively shorter and stouter than that of the holotype (Fig. 3). Grimaldi and  Barden’s (2016) specimen is very closely similar to the female  Z. burmensis sp. nov. (Figs 6E, 7C; see descriptions below). These differences indicate that this fly (AMNH BuSD-2) may not be a member of  Z. xiai and is most likely related to  Z. burmensis sp. nov. Owing to the same markings on abdominal tergites and sternites, and the almost equal abdominal second to sixth segments in length (Q. Zhang et al. 2016: 3, fig. 1C), the paratype (BA02-15003) may be closely related to the specimen AMNH BuSD-2 rather than to  Z. xiai (BA02-15001 and NIGP163430). Unfortunately, it is a poorly preserved specimen, and many taxonomic characteristics are indistinct. Therefore, the placement of the female specimens BA02-15003 and AMNH BuSD-2 is debatable. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0F20E3779FEF8BD977D5EC241474840C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zhang, Qingqing;Zhang, Junfeng	Zhang, Qingqing, Zhang, Junfeng (2019): Contribution to the knowledge of male and female eremochaetid flies in the late Cretaceous amber of Burma (Diptera, Brachycera, Eremochaetidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 66 (1): 75-83, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.33914, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.33914
F67A56E77EEBED8DCC8A5F50511F732E.text	F67A56E77EEBED8DCC8A5F50511F732E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zhenia burmensis Zhang & Zhang 2019	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Zhenia burmensis sp. nov. Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, 8D </p>
            <p> Diagnosis . </p>
            <p>Rs deviating from R just at level of M fork; R2+3 meeting R1 before C (i.e. cell r1 closed with short petiole); R4+5 simple; section C between R4+5 and M1 slightly shorter than section C between M1 and M2; M1 straight, ending at apex of wing; M3 straight; haltere with globose knob; abdominal fourth segment longest; basitarsus of hindleg longer than tarsomeres II-V combined; male genitalia with subovate gonocoxite, straight and clavate gonostylus, aedeagus long, obviously reaching beyond hind margin of gonocoxite; female ovipositor relatively short and stout.</p>
            <p> Description . </p>
            <p>Male. Body and legs brown (Fig. 4A, B), covered with dense short hairs (Fig. 4C, D). Head large, subovate. Eyes large, holoptic, occupying almost the entire head (Figs 4A, 5A).</p>
            <p> Thorax relatively small, nearly globose, almost as wide as but slightly longer than head. Scutellum rather shorter but relatively wide, over three times wider than long (Figs 4A, 5A). Wing narrow and long, 3.3 times longer than wide, apex of wing round (Fig. 5A). Costal vein terminating at the wing apex; vein Sc short, ending nearly at level of middle of distal cell; Rs deviating from R just at level of M fork, section of Rs stem nearly as long as section bR4 + 5; R2 + 3 slightly arched apically, running slightly convergent to R1, fused with R1 just before anterior margin of wing; cell r1 narrow and long, fusiform, with short petiole; section of R4 + 5 + M1 separating from anterior margin of cell d nearly at its end, forked distinctly distal to the level of the apex of the discal cell, about 1.5 times longer than section bM2; M1 straight, terminating nearly at wing apex. M2 and M3 almost straight; M4 absent; cell d hexagonal, nearly 2.7 times longer than wide; m-m long, straight; bM3 short; m-cu long, twice longer than bM3; cell br obviously longer than, but nearly as wide as, cell bm; cell cu (traditionally anal cell) closed with short petiole (Fig. 5A). Haltere thin and long, club relatively small, subglobose (Fig. 5A). Forelegs and midlegs relatively thin and short but with pulvillus and empodium extremely elongate, very similar in length and in shape to the hindleg; hindlegs relatively stout and long; femur clavate, less than half of abdominal length; tibia subcylindrical, longer and obviously narrower than femur; tarsus very short, less than one-half of length of  tibia , basitarsus longer than tarsomeres II-V combined, ratio of tarsomeres 1.0:0.16:0.11:0.11:0.36, empodium longer than pulvillus, narrowly phylliform in lateral view, less than one-third of length of tarsus (Fig. 5C). </p>
            <p>Abdomen thin and long, subcylindrical, nearly 2.4 times longer than head and thorax combined; eight segments visible; first very short, fourth longest, ratio of segments 1.0:2.9:3.6:4.0:3.1:2.9:2.1:1.7; ninth segment forming male genitalia, clearly shorter than eighth (Figs 4A, B, 5A). Genitalia covered with thin and long hairs; hypandrium large, triangular, 1.7 times wider than long, separated from epandrium, and articulated horizontally with gonocoxite; gonocoxite stout and long, subovate, distinctly narrowed basally; gonostylus relatively small, straight, clavate, slightly thickened medially, rounded apically, and articulated horizontally on gonocoxite; aedeagus (phallus) stout and long, cylindrical, distinctly extending beyond hind margin of gonocoxite, simple (not forked apically), rounded apically; cercus one-segmented, short and wide, subtriangular, slightly longer than wide, not reaching apex of aedeagus (Figs 4D, 5B).</p>
            <p>Female. Body dark brown, legs brown (Fig. 6A). Head large, subovate; antennal first flagellomere conical, basally distinctly wider than apically; arista rather thin and long. Eyes large, occupying almost whole head in lateral view (Figs 6B, 7A, B).</p>
            <p> Thorax relatively large, nearly globose, clearly longer than head. Scutellum rather shorter (Figs 6A, 7A). Wing narrow and long, 2.8 times longer than wide, apex of wing round (Fig. 7A). Costal vein terminating at the wing apex; vein Sc short, ending nearly at level of middle of distal cell; Rs deviating from R just at level of M fork, section of Rs stem nearly as long as section bR4 + 5; R2 + 3 nearly straight, running slightly convergent to R1, but not coalesced with R1; cell r1 narrow and long, narrowly open apically; section of R4 + 5 + M1 separating from anterior margin of cell d nearly at its end, forked distinctly distad to level of  d’s end, about twice longer than section bM2; M1 smoothly arched, terminating nearly at wing apex. M2 and M3 almost straight; M4 absent; cell d hexagonal, nearly twice longer than wide; m-m long, straight; bM3 short; m-cu long, about three times longer than bM3; cell br obviously longer and wider than cell bm; cell cu (traditionally anal cell) closed nearly at hind margin (Fig. 7A). Hindlegs relatively stout and long; femur clavate, about half of abdominal length; tibia subcylindrical, slightly shorter and narrower than femur; tarsus very short, about one-third of length of tibia, basitarsus slightly longer than tarsomeres II-V combined, empodium and pulvillus narrowly phylliform, about one-third of length of tarsus (Figs 6D, 7A). </p>
            <p> Abdomen thin and long, subcylindrical, nearly 1.8 times longer than head and thorax combined; eight seg  ments visible; first very short, third, and fourth longest, ratio of segments 1.0:1.6:1.8:1.8:1,5:1.0:0.5:0.9; ovipositor formed from modified eighth and ninth segments: eighth elongated, separated in two or three sections, its sternite only moderately (not extremely) elongate, ninth forming sclerotised aculeus, cerci (if present) located at apex of aculeus (Figs 6E, 7C, 8D). </p>
            <p>Dimensions.</p>
            <p>Holotype (male) NIGP170825, body length ca 8.6 mm; head length 1.2 mm; thorax length 1.5 mm; wing length 5.5 mm, width 1.7 mm; hindleg length ca 6.8 mm (femur 2.4 mm, tibia 2.9 mm, tarsus 1.5 mm); abdomen length 6.3 mm. Paratype (female) NIGP170826, body length approximately 7.1 mm; head length 0.8 mm; thorax length 1.5 mm; wing length 3.2 mm, width 1.3 mm; hindleg length ca 4.4 mm (femur 2.0 mm, tibia 1.8 mm, tarsus 0.6 mm); abdomen length (excluding ovipositor) 4.0 mm, ovipositor length 0.8 mm.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Myanmar amber, Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian); Hukawng Valley, Kachin Province, Myanmar.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Based on the following characters, male  Z. burmensi s sp. nov. can be distinguished from male Z,  Zhenia xiai : knob of haltere is globose; third and fourth abdominal segments are longest; basitarsus of hindleg is longer than combined tarsomeres II-V; genitalia has ovate gonocoxite, straight and clavate gonostylus, and longer aedeagus, which obviously reaches beyond the hind margin of the gonocoxite. </p>
            <p> On the other hand, the wing venation, ratio of abdominal segments and ratio of tarsi of hindleg of this female specimen resemble closely that of male  Z. burmensi s sp. nov., and, thus, it can be provisionally regarded as a member of  Z. burmensi s sp. nov. Female  Z. burmensis sp. nov. can also be separated from female  Z. xiai in that: the first flagellomere of the antenna becomes conical instead of subcylindrical; cell r1 runs open apically, R4+5 is simple (not forked apically); tarsus of hindleg is relatively short and stout; and ovipositor is relatively short and stout. </p>
            <p> Nevertheless, owing to the clearly smaller size than that of male  Z. burmensi s sp. nov., the female described here may represent another, as yet, undescribed species. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F67A56E77EEBED8DCC8A5F50511F732E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zhang, Qingqing;Zhang, Junfeng	Zhang, Qingqing, Zhang, Junfeng (2019): Contribution to the knowledge of male and female eremochaetid flies in the late Cretaceous amber of Burma (Diptera, Brachycera, Eremochaetidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 66 (1): 75-83, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.33914, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.33914
