identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
9AE9C4BDF1895F2C87FBFFF88EE96563.text	9AE9C4BDF1895F2C87FBFFF88EE96563.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bibio succineus Skartveit 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Bibio succineus sp. nov. Figs 8, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotype (male), SDEI Dip-00900 - JS-Baltic-009. The specimen is preserved in a piece of yellowish amber, 30  ×17× 6 mm. Syn-inclusion: one sciarid gnat. </p>
            <p>Additional material</p>
            <p>(female) Coll. Kernegger 59/2006. The specimen was briefly described by Skartveit (2009: 26-27).</p>
            <p>Comparison to other species.</p>
            <p> Four species of  Bibio have been described from the Eocene/Oligocene of Isle of Wight (Krzeminski et al. 2019). Of these,  Bibio gurnetensis Cockerell, 1917 and  Bibio oblitus Cockerell, 1921 both have crossvein R-M much longer than the basal Rs, this character suggests the species belong in the genus  Dilophus , though, not having seen the original material, I will not make a formal transfer here.  Bibio extremus Cockerell, 1921 differs from the present species in that the basal part of Rs is quite steep and that crossvein M-Cu meets M2 considerably distally of furcation.  Bibio oligocenus Cockerell, 1917, which despite the name was described from the late Eocene, differs from the present species by being larger (wing length 8 mm) with a conspicuously darkened costal cell in the wing. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> The epithet is derived from Latin succinum, amber, referring to the preservation of the type specimen. It is the first species of the genus  Bibio described from amber fossils. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> A medium-sized  Bibio , body length about 7.5 mm. Body and legs entirely black, densely pilose, pile on thorax and abdomen pale, black on legs. Antennal flagellum 8-9-segmented. Haltere pale brown. Wing light brownish fumose in male, brown fumose in female, pterostigma pale and indistinctive, radial sector about four times as long as R-M. Fore tibia with spur a little less than half as long as spine. Hind tarsus not enlarged. </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Male (N = 1): Total length 7.5 mm, entirely black.</p>
            <p>Head (Fig. 25): Length 1.37 mm, width not possible to measure. Complex eye with rather dense, pale, fine, medium-length intraocular pile. Ocellar tubercle not prominent, with short, dark setae. Rostrum not prominent. Antenna: flagellum 8-segmented, 0.53 mm long, 0.13 mm wide. Two distal palp segments slender (more basal segments not possible to see).</p>
            <p>Thorax: Length 2.2 mm, black, very shiny. Pile pale, anteriorly rather short, getting longer in posterior part, sides of mesonotum and pleurae with long but rather sparse, pale pile. Sides of mesonotum with rather coarse, mesh-like microsculpture. Scutellum rounded with long, pale, proclinate setae along edge. Meron very shiny, in upper corner with about 20 long, pale hairs. Haltere pale brown, not possible to see well.</p>
            <p>Wing (Fig. 24): Length 5.6 mm, width 1.9 mm, length/width = 2.92. Slightly brownish fumose, Costa and R1 light brown, posterior veins colourless. Pterostigma pale brown, inconspicuous, 0.45 mm long, 0.15 mm wide. Membrane without conspicuous microtrichia. Costa extends to apex of R4+5. Humeral vein present, fine and oblique. Subcosta weak, visible only in distal part. Basal radial sector about four times as long as crossvein R-M, M curves towards R1 at R-M. M basally clearly connected to CuA. M-Cu oblique, meets M at furcation. CuA1 apically moderately, CuA2 strongly curved basad. Vein lengths, all in mm: Basal R 2.51, distal R1 1.20, Rs 0.39, R4+5 2.63, R-M 0.09, basal M 1.80, distal M 0.94, M1 1.95, M2 1.73, M-CuA 0.38, CuA 1.13, CuA1 2.51, CuA2 1.91.</p>
            <p> Legs: Black, clothed with short, strong, dark setae. Fore tibia (Fig. 26) with spur about half as long as spine. Hind femur (Fig. 28) basally thin, expanding at about  ¼ of length, outer part stocky. Hind tibia rather slender, densely pilose, apparently without bare field of sensillae. Tarsus slender. Fore femur length 1.24 mm, width 0.32 mm, hind femur length 2.29 mm, width 0.41 mm, hind tibia length 2.25 mm, width 0.26 mm, hind first tarsomere 0.63 mm long, 0.18 mm wide, hind second to fifth tarsomeres length 0.38, 0.28, 0.23, 0.37 mm. </p>
            <p>Abdomen: Black, clothed with rather short, fine, pale pile.</p>
            <p>Terminalia: Gonostylus apically slender, rather straight. Hypopygium otherwise not possible to see.</p>
            <p>Female (tentatively associated, N = 1): Total length 7.5 mm, entirely black.</p>
            <p>Head: Antennal flagellum 9-segmented. Occiput with short, dark setae. Complex eye rather small, rounded, with short, scattered, brownish intraocular pile.</p>
            <p>Thorax: Mesonotum length 1.9 mm. Covered by Verlumung in the specimen available. Haltere yellowish.</p>
            <p>Wing: Brown fumose, membrane without microtrichia. Costa and R-veins brown, more posterior veins colourless. Basal radial sector about five times as long as crossvein R-M</p>
            <p>Legs: black, rather stout. Length of fore femur 1.5 mm, width 0.5 mm, length of fore tibia 1.4 mm, of hind tibia 2.2 mm. Fore tibia (Fig. 27) with spine about three times as long as spur, this is stout, straight and pointed. The tibia is clothed with quite long, fine setae and has a field of rounded coeloconical sensillae in the middle of the anterior face. The tarsi are quite slender.</p>
            <p>Abdomen: cylindrical, no details possible to see.</p>
            <p>Terminalia: no details possible to see.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9AE9C4BDF1895F2C87FBFFF88EE96563	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Skartveit, John	Skartveit, John (2021): A new fossil species of the genus Bibio, with an update on bibionid flies from Baltic and Rovno amber (Diptera, Bibionidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 68 (1): 81-99, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.68.60611, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.68.60611
5200BC809B3C57F8987DE257809F76B4.text	5200BC809B3C57F8987DE257809F76B4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dilophus crassicornis Skartveit 2009	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Dilophus crassicornis Skartveit, 2009: 31-34 Figs 9, 29, 30, 31 </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype, male, MHNN 907. Paratypes: males, SDEI Dip-00835 - CCHH#932-4; SDEI Dip-00836 - CCHH#1629.1.</p>
            <p>Non-type specimens previously examined.</p>
            <p>Male, MHNN 1412, females: CCHH#932.2, CCHH#1121.</p>
            <p>Additional material.</p>
            <p> Female, CCHH # 1789-2; female, JS-Baltic-012, in piece of amber 15  ×8× 4 mm. </p>
            <p>Redescription, female.</p>
            <p>Total length 3.8-5.1 mm (N = 3).</p>
            <p>Head (Fig. 29): Length 0.62-0.77 mm (N = 3), width 0.59-0.60 mm (N = 2), eye length 0.36-0.40 mm (N = 2), width 0.27 mm (N = 1). Flagellum 6-7-segmented, 0.32 mm long, 0.09 mm wide.</p>
            <p>Thorax: Length 1.22-1.55 mm (N = 3), width 0.65 mm (N = 1, smallest specimen). Haltere light brown.</p>
            <p>Wing: Length 3.44-3.75 mm (N = 2). Hyaline, slightly brownish, veins fine and brown. Pterostigma brown. Costa extends to half-way between apices of R4+5 and M1.</p>
            <p>Legs: Brown, sparingly clad with fine, short, brown pile. Fore tibia (Fig. 30) slightly sinuate, mesally with three long, erect, sharp spines, apically with spine circlet of six long, diverging spines. Mid- and hind tibia apically with circlet of six spinose, brown setae. All tarsi slender. Measurements (all in mm, N = 3 unless otherwise stated) fore femur length 0.55-0.89, width 0.25 (N = 1), fore tibia length 0.64-0.95, width 0.09 (N = 1), fore first tarsomere length 0.40-0.44 (N = 2), mid femur length 0.70-0.92, mid tibia length 0.72-0.90, hind femur length 1.07-1.22, width 0.14 (N = 1), hind tibia length 1.14-1.22, width 0.13 (N = 1), hind first tarsomere length 0.50-0.62.</p>
            <p>Abdomen: Length 2.7 mm (N = 1). Brown, conical. Terminalia in lateral view as in Fig. 31.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5200BC809B3C57F8987DE257809F76B4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Skartveit, John	Skartveit, John (2021): A new fossil species of the genus Bibio, with an update on bibionid flies from Baltic and Rovno amber (Diptera, Bibionidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 68 (1): 81-99, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.68.60611, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.68.60611
F3DEE8F67A295E12A7691CE4841A0527.text	F3DEE8F67A295E12A7691CE4841A0527.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dilophus sp.	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Dilophus sp. Figs 10, 11, 32, 33, 34 </p>
            <p>Previously examined material.</p>
            <p>female, MHNN 711.</p>
            <p>Material, females.</p>
            <p> JS-Baltic-010, in piece of amber 20  ×12× 5 mm; JS-Baltic-011, in piece of amber 29  ×17× 3 mm. </p>
            <p> Two female specimens, belonging to the  Dilophus febrilis -group, with 9 flagellomeres, so not fitting any of the previously described species which have 6-7 (  Dilophus crassicornis ) or 12 (  Dilophus pseudofebrilis and  Dilophus succineus ) flagellomeres. They are likely to be conspecific with the poorly preserved specimen treated as  Dilophus sp. by Skartveit (2009: 38). As the other species of  Dilophus from Baltic amber are based on male specimens I find it not advisable to formally name this species at the present stage of knowledge. Males of this species, should they appear, should be recognizable by characters of the antenna and fore tibia. </p>
            <p>Total length 4.55-5.68 mm. Body and legs entirely dark brown.</p>
            <p>Head (Fig. 33): Length 0.68-0.80 mm. Occiput, frons and gena all with strong, erect, relatively dense setae. Complex eye about half as long as head, somewhat protruding, with short and fine, rather dense intraocular pile. Ocellar triangle rather tall. Flagellum 9-segmented, 0.35-0.40 mm long, 0.06-0.08 mm wide. Palp shorter than antenna, with last segment conical, about 2.5 times as long as wide, bearing relatively long setae.</p>
            <p>Thorax: Length 1.42-1.52 mm (N = 2), width 0.93 mm (N = 1). Pronotal spine comb with 12 evenly spaced, medium-length, erect, sharp spines. Mesonotal spine comb with about 16 small, sharp spines. Mesonotum moderately shiny with uniserial, short and fine dorsocentral setae (about 15 on each side), otherwise mostly bare. Scutellum evenly clothed with fine, short setae. Haltere dark brown with pale stem.</p>
            <p>Legs: Black with medium-length, dark setae. Protibia (Fig. 34) with four sharp, semi-erect mesal spines, the two most basal ones close-set, the two more distal separated by about one spine length. Apical circlet with eight sharp spines. Mid and hind legs slender throughout. Fore femur 0.63-0.72 mm long, 0.23 mm wide (N = 2), fore tibia 0.75 mm long, 0.10 mm wide (N = 1). Mid femur 1.03 mm long (N = 1). Hind femur 1.13-1.57 mm long (N = 2), 0.17-0.18 mm wide (N = 2), hind tibia 1.12-1.60 mm long, 0.08-0.12 mm wide, hind first tarsomere 0.41-0.53 mm long, 0.05 mm wide.</p>
            <p>Wing (Fig. 32): Rather crumbled in the newly acquired specimens. The specimen studied by Skartveit (2009) with wing as in Fig. 32, wing length 4.4 mm. Almost hyaline, costa and R-veins dark brown, more posterior veins lighter brown but still distinctive. All veins are fine, no conspicuous thickenings. Costa with biseriate, rather dense, pale setulae, basally about as long as the width of the costal cell, decreasing in length apicad. Costa extends to about half-way between apices of R4+5 and M1. Pterostigma oval, brown, distinctive. Humeral vein present, subcosta fine, straight, running well separated from R 1 in entire length. Basal R and R1 dorsally with uniserial, fine, dark setulae which are about as long as the width of the vein and separated by about as much as their length, veins otherwise bare. Radial sector about one-third the length of crossvein R-M. R4+5 gently curved. Area between R4+5 and M1 about 1.5 times as wide as fork of M. M-veins apically straight. Crossvein M-CuA meets M well basad of furcation. CuA with rather long stem and short fork, CuA2 apically a little curved basad. CuP running approximately parallel to CuA, rather indistinctive. A1 apparent on stem of wing only.</p>
            <p>Abdomen: Strongly swollen in specimen at hand, membraneous areas stretched. This is presumably because it is egg-filled. Tergites and sternites clad with short, dark setae.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F3DEE8F67A295E12A7691CE4841A0527	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Skartveit, John	Skartveit, John (2021): A new fossil species of the genus Bibio, with an update on bibionid flies from Baltic and Rovno amber (Diptera, Bibionidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 68 (1): 81-99, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.68.60611, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.68.60611
E4C62B5DF02B58F5B35F8F207127FFAE.text	E4C62B5DF02B58F5B35F8F207127FFAE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hesperinus electrus Skartveit 2009	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Hesperinus electrus Skartveit, 2009: 5-7 Figs 1, 12, 13, 14 </p>
            <p>Note.</p>
            <p>The species was described based on a single, male specimen (Skartveit 2009). One additional male specimen has turned up which shows details in wing venation and terminalia better than the type.</p>
            <p>Holotype (male) SDEI Dip-00832 - CCHH #1093-1. Additional material (male) CCHH # 1789-1</p>
            <p>Updated description of the species including type specimen</p>
            <p>(some measurements from the holotype corrected): Total length 4.35-4.40 mm (N = 2). Colour dark brownish, body semi-matt, covered with short, coarse, dark hairs.</p>
            <p>Head (Fig. 13): Length 0.47-0.52 mm (N = 2). Clearly dichoptic, complex eyes separated in frons by about the width of ocellar tubercle. Ocellar tubercle medium-sized, fairly prominent. Complex eye somewhat reniform, concave posteriorly, without apparent intraocular setae. Occiput with rather dense, short, dark pile. Antenna slender, about one and a half times as long as head, flagellum 0.78 mm long, 0.06 mm wide (N = 2), eight-segmented, all flagellomeres clearly longer than wide, with dark setae about as long as the width of the flagellomeres. Pedicel conical, pedicel and first flagellomere wider than the rest of flagellum. Palp brown, relatively long, last segment cylindrical. Mouthparts, apart from palp, not conspicuously developed.</p>
            <p>Thorax: Length 0.90-0.92 mm (N = 2), width 0.55 mm (N = 1). Reddish brown with darker vittae around notaulix and anterolaterally at humerus, semi-matt, grayish pruinose, with sparse, short setae. Mesonotum with deep sulci. Pleura bare, densely grayish pruinose except for glabrous patches posteriorly on katepisternum and epimeron. Haltere brown.</p>
            <p>Wing (Fig. 12) Length 4.18-4.35 mm (N = 2), width 1.32-1.52 mm (N = 2), length/width = 2.75-3.30 (wing of holotype may be slightly folded). Very slightly brownish fumose, membrane with very fine microtrichia, veins fine and brown throughout. Pterostigma not apparent. Costa with fine setulae about as long as width of vein, extends to nearly half-way between apices of R4+5 and M1. Humeral vein short and oblique. R2+3 rather long, oblique, basally bent. R4+5 strongly curved. R-M nearly vertical. M-veins apically very fine, hardly visible at wing edge, a little curved basad. CuA1 straight, CuA2 apically strongly curved basad. CuP fine, gently curved, reaches wing edge. Length of wing veins in mm (N = 2) subcosta 2.2-2.3, basal R 1.0-1.3, distal R1 1.5-1.6, Rs 0.45-0.55, R2-5 0.62-0.65, R2+3 0.75-0.91, R4+5 1.6-1.8, R-M 0.14, basal M 1.4, distal M 0.30-0.38, M1 1.8, M2 1.5-1.6, M-Cu 0.10-0.15, CuA 1.0-1.4, CuA1 1.7-2.0, CuA2 1.3-1.6.</p>
            <p>Legs: Dark brown, long and slender, clad with strong, short, dark pile. Fore tibia with one, mid- and hind-tibiae with two short, straight, dark spurs. Tarsi very slender. Leg measurements (N = 2 unless otherwise stated) fore femur 1.4-1.5 mm long, fore tibia 1.4 mm long (N = 1), fore first tarsomere 0.77 mm long (N = 1), mid femur 1.5 mm long (N = 1), mid tibia 1.3 mm long (N = 1), hind femur 1.6-1.9 mm long, 0.12 mm wide (N = 1), hind tibia 1.8-2.1 mm long, 0.09 mm wide (N = 1), hind first tarsomere 0.86 mm long (N = 1).</p>
            <p>Abdomen: Dark brown, cylindrical, slender, rather densely clad with dark brown pile. Length 3.1 mm, width 0.5 mm (N = 1).</p>
            <p>Terminalia (Fig. 14): Width of hypopygium 0.47 mm (N = 1). Hypopygium slightly expanding apicad, clad with short, dark pile. Gonostylus curved and sharply pointed, 0.24 mm long (N = 1). Posterior edge of gonocoxosternite almost straight. Epandrium apparently quite small, not possible to see clearly, probably rounded-rectangular. Ejaculatory apodeme large and prominent, apically dome-shaped.</p>
            <p>Discussion.</p>
            <p> The original description was found to contain some errors, e.g., the flagellum has eight, not seven segments, and is shorter than stated in the description. The poorly developed mouthparts suggest that this species did not feed in the adult stage, this may be a general trait for  Hesperinus species as all seem to have very small mouthparts. The genus  Hesperinus has frequently been referred to a separate family, the  Hesperinidae (e.g., Krivosheina 1997). However, molecular evidence suggests that the genus belongs in the  Bibionidae (  Ševčik et al. 2016) and this is also supported by fossil material, where  Hesperinus and  Penthetria species look far more similar than in the modern species. Hence, I prefer to place  Hesperinus and  Penthetria together in the subfamily  Hesperininae in  Bibionidae (Skartveit and Ansorge 2020). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E4C62B5DF02B58F5B35F8F207127FFAE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Skartveit, John	Skartveit, John (2021): A new fossil species of the genus Bibio, with an update on bibionid flies from Baltic and Rovno amber (Diptera, Bibionidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 68 (1): 81-99, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.68.60611, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.68.60611
1B403FC26B9655DD96C99BB897DDD3B7.text	1B403FC26B9655DD96C99BB897DDD3B7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Penthetria montanaregis Skartveit 2009	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Penthetria montanaregis Skartveit, 2009: 13 Figs 2, 15, 16, 17 </p>
            <p>Note.</p>
            <p> The species was described based on a single, male specimen (Skartveit 2009), however this specimen was to a large extent covered by white emulsion (Verlumung). The present specimen clarifies some aspects of the  species’ morphology. </p>
            <p> Holotype, male, MHNN 972. Additional material, male, JS-Baltic-001, in piece of amber 39  ×32× 3 mm. </p>
            <p>Redescription of the species.</p>
            <p>Male: Total length 6.3-7.9 mm (N = 2). Colour uniormly dark, probably brownish-black in life.</p>
            <p>Head (Fig. 16): Length 0.75 mm, width 1.05 mm (N = 1). Only just holoptic, complex eyes in contact only 2-3 ommatidia, meeting at distance similar to diameter of ocellar tubercle anterior to tubercle. Complex eye nearly bare, with very short, fine and sparse intraocular hairs. Ocellar tubercle small but fairly prominent, with few strong, short, dark brown setae on posterior face. Rostrum not protruding. Palp not possible to see in this specimen. Antenna: flagellum slightly conical, 8-segmented, 0.58 mm long, 0.09 mm wide, segments subquadrate when seen laterally.</p>
            <p>Thorax: Length 1.35-1.84 mm (N = 2), width 1.16 mm (N = 1, smaller specimen). Dorsal side covered by Verlumung, surface structure not possible to see. With irregularly biseriate, short and fine, dark dorsocentral setae, notum otherwise practically bare. Haltere brown.</p>
            <p> Wing (Fig. 15): Length approximately 5.6 mm, width 2.0 mm, length/width = 2.8 (N = 1). The wing is somewhat crumbled, exact vein measurements difficult to find. Brown fumose, costal cell mostly darkened, but unpigmented basally of humeral crossvein. Pterostigma and veins dark brown, distinctive but not particularly strong. Costa with fine setulae, veins otherwise bare. Costa extends a little beyond apex of R4+5. Humeral crossvein rather strong, vertical. Subcosta distinctive, relatively strong, but merges with R at humeral crossvein, not visible basally. R2+3 fine, straight, oblique, about 0.4  × length of R4+5. R4+5 moderately curved. R-M vertical. M basally not connected to R nor to CuA. Fork of M rather narrow. M-CuA pigmented only in posterior half (nearest CuA1). CuA1 rather straight, CuA2 bent caudad in apical fourth. CuP not prominent. Vein lengths, all in mm: Basal R 2.25, Rs 0.86, R2-5 0.36, R2+3 0.68, R4+5 1.58, R-M 0.17, basal M 2.25, distal M 0.45, M1 2.06, M2 1.61, M-CuA 0.15, CuA 1.54, CuA1 2.44, CuA2 1.73. </p>
            <p>Legs: Dark brown, densely clad with strong, short, dark setae. Femorae moderately clavate, all tibiae and tarsi slender. Tibial spurs dark, straight and sharp.</p>
            <p>Abdomen: Length 4.1 mm, width 0.9 mm (N = 1), slightly conical. Tergites shiny, brownish-black, with fine and rather short, dark brownish pile.</p>
            <p> Terminalia (Fig. 17): Width of hypopygium 0.71 mm (N = 1). Epandrium bilobate, lobes rounded with dense, rather long, dark brown setae. Gonocoxite with robust, dark brown setae, Gonostylus length 0.39 mm, rather long, straight, apically a little expanded, on posterior margin with about 8 strong, dark brown setae. (note: the apparent shape of the gonostylus is rather different from the holotype of  Penthetria montanaregis , but this is probably due to preservation in different angles. The apparent shape of the gonostylus in male  Bibionidae is extremely dependent on perspective). Ejaculatory apodeme rather wide. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1B403FC26B9655DD96C99BB897DDD3B7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Skartveit, John	Skartveit, John (2021): A new fossil species of the genus Bibio, with an update on bibionid flies from Baltic and Rovno amber (Diptera, Bibionidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 68 (1): 81-99, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.68.60611, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.68.60611
1FA82D5CE189527ABEBBF5E36610DF35.text	1FA82D5CE189527ABEBBF5E36610DF35.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Penthetria sp.	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Penthetria sp. Figs 3, 18 </p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>Female, SDEI Dip-00823 - CCHH#1789-4, embedded in a clear amber block which has undergone autoclave treatment (C. Hoffeins, in litt.).</p>
            <p> The species differs from  Penthetria montanaregis in the following aspects: smaller, wing length about 4.5 mm, wing narrower, more than 3 times as long as wide (in bibionids, females generally have wider wings than conspecific males) with reduced anal lobe, R2+3 placed more distally so that the segment R2-5 is almost as long as R4+5 (less than half as long in  P. montanaregis ), fork of M strongly asymmetrical (nearly symmetrical in  P. montanaregis ), CuA2 apically strongly curved basad (moderately curved basad in  P. montanaregis ). It differs from female  Penthetria integroneura Skartveit, 2009 most conspicuously by the presence of R2+3 and by the more strongly curved CuA-veins, also by the presence of strong setae dorsally on the thorax and apparently by the head shape, though the latter is likely affected by autoclave treatment. </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Male unknown.</p>
            <p>Female (N = 1): Total length 5.0 mm. The specimen is of a uniform, dark colour, likely affected by the autoclaving.</p>
            <p>Head: length 0.58 mm. Apparent shape probably affected by autoclaving, outline of complex eye not possible to see. Flagellum 0.42 mm long, 0.07 mm wide, 7-segmented, shape of flagellomeres obviously affected by autoclaving. Palp relatively long, outer segments appear to be very slender, but this is likely an artefact caused by autoclaving.</p>
            <p>Thorax: Length 1.18 mm. Dorsally with some relatively long and strong, erect setae, details otherwise not possible to make out. Haltere light brown.</p>
            <p> Legs: relatively long, femorae slightly clavate, tibiae apparently very slender (possibly affected by autoclaving). The legs are clad with relatively long, brown pile, on tibiae about as long as the  tibia’s width. Tibial spurs fine and sharp. Segment measurements, all inn mm: fore femur length 1.37, width 0.16, fore tibia length 1.32, width 0.12, mid femur length 1.23, hind femur length 1.69, width 0.18, hind tibia length 1.71, width 0.13, hind first tarsomere length 0.63, width 0.07. </p>
            <p>Wing (Fig. 18): Length 4.6 mm, width 1.5 mm, length/width = 3.1. Brown fumose, relatively slender, veins brown throughout, R-veins considerably more robust than M- and CuA-veins. Costa relatively strong with rather long setules which at least basally are longer than the width of the vein, extending a little past half-way between apices of R4+5 and M1. Humeral vein present, oblique. Pterostigma relatively small, oval, brown. Subcosta fine but distinctive, straight. R2+3 oblique, almost straight, a little less than half as long as R4+5, which is gently curved. Rs straight, nearly three times as long as R-M, which is vertical. R2-5 (basally of R2+3) almost as long as R4+5 (distally of R2+3). M basally connected to CuA. M-veins fine, M and M2 form an approximately straight line with M1 diverging forward from this. CuA1 apically slightly, CuA2 strongly bent basad. CuP parallel to CuA/CuA2, fine but does reach wing margin. Anal lobe strongly reduced, basal-posterior edge of the wing nearly straight-lined. Vein lengths, all in mm: Subcosta 2.48, Basal R 1.46, R1 1.44, Rs 0.53, R2-5 1.09, R2+3 0.58, R4+5 1.27, R-M 0.19, basal M 1.41, distal M 0.44, M1 1.85, M2 1.41, M-CuA 0.14, CuA 1.02, CuA1 1.99, CuA2 1.18. The wings have numerous, transverse cracks probably caused by autoclaving, this has not altered the overall shape, though.</p>
            <p>Abdomen: Length 3.6 mm, dark, cylindrical, with fine, dark, short pile. Shape of terminalia difficult to make out, probably affected by autoclaving.</p>
            <p>Discussion.</p>
            <p> The specimen of this species is obviously affected by autoclave treatment, particularly so in the head where the overall shape appears changed, the outlines of the complex eyes are not possible to make out, and the shapes of the antennal and palp segments are strongly disrupted. The autoclaving appears also to have altered the appearance of the terminalia, and possibly thorax and legs to some extent. However, the wing characters appear to be uncompromised and should be sufficient to recognise the species, at the very least to differentiate it from the other species of  Penthetria known from Baltic amber. Identifying  Penthetria species based on female specimens is very difficult in recent species and this is probably so in fossil species, too, hence this specimen is not given a formal name at this stage. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1FA82D5CE189527ABEBBF5E36610DF35	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Skartveit, John	Skartveit, John (2021): A new fossil species of the genus Bibio, with an update on bibionid flies from Baltic and Rovno amber (Diptera, Bibionidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 68 (1): 81-99, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.68.60611, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.68.60611
8BBFA3BE2F9E5D4E9DC3C200CD0074D1.text	8BBFA3BE2F9E5D4E9DC3C200CD0074D1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plecia clavifemur Skartveit 2009	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Plecia clavifemur Skartveit, 2009: 15-16 Fig. 4 </p>
            <p>Type material, females.</p>
            <p>Holotype, SDEI Dip-00830 - CCHH#1474.2. Paratypes SDEI Dip-00845 - CCHH#1505.1; SDEI Dip-00846 - CCHH#1501.5.</p>
            <p>Additional material, females.</p>
            <p> JS-Baltic-002, in piece of amber 20  ×15× 4 mm, JS-Baltic-003, in piece of amber 18  ×13× 6 mm. These specimens do not reveal any characters not seen in the type material, but their morphometric data is given below. </p>
            <p>Total length 3.47-4.62 mm.</p>
            <p>Head: Length 0.42 mm (N = 1), width 0.57-0.60 mm. Flagellum length 0.40-0.47 mm, width 0.08 mm (N = 2).</p>
            <p>Thorax: Length 0.83-0.92 mm.</p>
            <p>Legs: Fore femur 0.66-0.79 mm long, 0.12-0.15 mm wide, fore tibia 0.75-1.11 mm long, 0.08-0.09 mm wide, fore first tarsomere 0.24-0.38 mm long, 0.05-0.07 mm wide, fore second to fifth tarsomeres 0.19, 0.13, 0.11 and 0.15 mm long (N = 1). Mid femur 0.88 mm long, 0.15 mm wide (N = 1), mid tibia 0.69 mm long, 0.08 mm wide (N = 1). Hind femur 0.90-1.24 mm long, 0.11-0.15 mm wide, hind tibia 0.97-1.20 mm long, 0.08-0.12 mm wide, hind first tarsomere 0.23-0.41 mm long, 0.07-0.09 mm wide.</p>
            <p>Wing: length 3.05-3.11 mm, width 1.00- 1.39 mm, length/width = 2.24-3.05. Vein lengths, all in mm: Subcosta 1.50-1.58, basal R 1.00-1.13, distal R1 0.75-0.85, Rs 0.27-0.38, R2-5 0.58-0.83, R2+3 0.16-0.23, R4+5 0.64-0.68, R-M 0.07-0.17, basal M 0.92-1.05, distal M 0.33-0.34, M1 1.20-1.37, M2 0.88-1.00, M-CuA 0.11 (N = 1), CuA 0.67-0.79, CuA1 1.12-1.54, CuA2 0.58-1.16.</p>
            <p>Abdomen: Length 2.5 mm (N = 1).</p>
            <p>Discussion.</p>
            <p>The two specimens examined are similar in the shape of the head and antenna, general aspects of wing venation (short R2+3, kinked R4+5, CuA2 bent sharply basad) and terminalia, however they are rather different with respect to some morphometric traits, particularly length of leg segments and the general shape of the wing. At the present state of knowledge I interpret this difference as within intraspecific variation, though additional material, particularly if male specimens are found, may reveal that there are more than one species involved.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8BBFA3BE2F9E5D4E9DC3C200CD0074D1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Skartveit, John	Skartveit, John (2021): A new fossil species of the genus Bibio, with an update on bibionid flies from Baltic and Rovno amber (Diptera, Bibionidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 68 (1): 81-99, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.68.60611, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.68.60611
B0C14D8DA84B51B28E773C1B72C1883C.text	B0C14D8DA84B51B28E773C1B72C1883C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plecia hoffeinsorum Skartveit 2009	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Plecia hoffeinsorum Skartveit, 2009: 17-19 Figs 5, 6, 7, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 </p>
            <p> Plecia tenuicornis Skartveit, 2009: 20-22. Syn.n. </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotype (male) of  Plecia hoffeinsorum SDEI Dip-00827 - CCHH#1448-2, preserved together with six conspecific males. Paratype (male) SDEI Dip-00843 - CCHH#1629-2. Holotype (male) of  Plecia tenuicornis SDEI Dip-00828 - CCHH#1501-2. Paratypes (males): SDEI Dip-00837 - CCHH#335-2. SDEI Dip-00838 - CCHH#935-2. SDEI Dip-00839 - CCHH#1025-1. SDEI Dip-00840 - CCHH#1025-2. SDEI Dip-00841 - CCHH#1567-3. SDEI Dip-00843 - CCHH#1629-2 (Preserved together with holotype). Previously studied non-type, female, CCHH#1501-3. </p>
            <p> New material, Baltic amber: males: JS-Baltic-004, in piece of amber 27  ×20× 6 mm, syninclusions: cecidomyiid midge, 2 phorid flies; JS-Baltic-005, in piece of amber 16  ×12× 4 mm. JS-Baltic-007, in piece of amber 22  ×13× 6 mm. Females: SDEI In 001701 (syninclusion with Sciarid midge); JS-Baltic-006, in piece of amber 13  ×7× 3 mm. Rovno amber, male: JS-Baltic-008, in rather large piece of amber 36  ×20× 15 mm, syninclusions: copious plant debris, possibly flower fragments. </p>
            <p> The species was described based on seven male specimens preserved together in one piece of amber. The present specimens do show the male terminalia better than the type material, hence this is redecribed here, otherwise the external morphology is adequately described in the original descriptions of  Plecia hoffeinsorum and  Plecia tenuicornis (Skartveit 2009: 17-22). The female of  Plecia hoffeinsorum was described from a compression fossil from Grube Messel (Skartveit and Wedmann 2016). The two species  Plecia hoffeinsorum and  Plecia tenuicornis were originally thought to have rather different male terminalia (Skartveit 2009, figs 34, 35, 46, 47), however studying additional specimens suggests that the two  “forms” are actually the same structure with the gonostylus fixed in different positions. As usual with  Bibionidae the angle of view is quite critical when studying these structures. </p>
            <p>Measurements, including new material.</p>
            <p>Males: body length 4.5-5.2 mm (N = 4), thorax length 0.92-1.30 mm (N = 8), wing length 4.0- 5.2 mm (N = 6). Females: body length 4.5-4.6 mm (N = 2), thorax length 0.97-1.17 mm (N = 2), wing length 4.6 mm (N = 1). Wings as in Figs 19, 20, head as in Figs 21, 22.</p>
            <p>Redescription of male terminalia</p>
            <p>(Fig. 23). Hypopygium width 0.43 mm (N = 1), outline almost rectangular, slightly expanded apicad. Gonostylus 0.22 mm long, attached apically on gonocoxite, long and slender, straight, apically somewhat pointed, with numerous long, curvy setae. Epandrium rather small, rounded-rectangular, posterior edge sligthly convex. Gonocoxosternite apically with a short, blunt tooth on each side just mesal to gonostylus attachment, posterior edge slightly convex.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0C14D8DA84B51B28E773C1B72C1883C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Skartveit, John	Skartveit, John (2021): A new fossil species of the genus Bibio, with an update on bibionid flies from Baltic and Rovno amber (Diptera, Bibionidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 68 (1): 81-99, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.68.60611, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.68.60611
