taxonID	type	description	language	source
863187DADC5F401F6C10F984FD9957AD.taxon	description	(Figures 1 – 211, Tables 1 – 3)	en	Kovařík, František, Šťáhlavský, František, Elmi, Hassan Sh Abdirahman (2020): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida Scorpiones) Part XXIII Buthus (Buthidae), with description of two new species. Euscorpius 307: 1-32, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648379
863187DADC5F401F6C10F984FD9957AD.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES. Scorpio occitanus Amoreux, 1789	en	Kovařík, František, Šťáhlavský, František, Elmi, Hassan Sh Abdirahman (2020): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida Scorpiones) Part XXIII Buthus (Buthidae), with description of two new species. Euscorpius 307: 1-32, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648379
863187DADC5F401F6C10F984FD9957AD.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. Total length 25 – 90 mm. Carapace with distinct carinae joined to form a lyre-shaped configuration, in lateral view with entire dorsal surface horizontal or nearly so. Five pairs of lateral eyes and eyespot present. Pectines with fulcra. Pectine teeth number ca 20 – 40. Mesosoma tergites I – VI with three carina which do not project beyond posterior margin as distinct spiniform processes. Telson without subaculear tubercle. Chelicera with typical buthid dentition, fixed finger with two ventral denticles. Orthobothriotaxic type B, dorsal trichobothria of pedipalp femur arranged in beta - configuration. Patellar trichobothrium d 2 located externally to dorsomedian carina. Trichobothrium eb located on fixed finger of chela. Dentate margin of pedipalp chela movable finger with distinct granules divided into 9 – 14 rows, 3 terminal granules and one basal terminal granule. Tibial spurs present on third and fourth pairs of legs.	en	Kovařík, František, Šťáhlavský, František, Elmi, Hassan Sh Abdirahman (2020): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida Scorpiones) Part XXIII Buthus (Buthidae), with description of two new species. Euscorpius 307: 1-32, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648379
863187DADC5F401F6C10F984FD9957AD.taxon	discussion	REMARKS ON KARYOTYPES (Figs. 195 – 209). We analyzed male karyotypes of four Buthus species from the Horn of Africa (Table 3). The cytogenetic characteristics of all species correspond to the typical features of the family Buthidae such as holocentric organization, achiasmatic meiosis in males, and lower number of chromosomes (e. g. Mattos et al., 2013). All examined specimens of Buthus awashensis, B. pococki sp. n. and B. zeylensis possess 2 n = 22 (Figs. 195, 201, 204, 205, 208). We found only 21 chromosomes in karyotype of analysed Buthus berberensis (Fig. 198). The reduction of the diploid number is probably consequence of heterozygous fusion of chromosomes. This type of chromosomal rearrangement forms conspicuous trivalent during postpachytene (Fig. 199). Moreover, fusion of two chromosomes form one extra large chromosome in the karyotype of this species (Fig. 200). Except Buthus awashensis, the karyotypes of the all analysed species are typical with one pair of chromosomes with distinctive length whereas the subsequent chromosomes are shorter and gradually decrease in length (Figs. 200, 203, 206, 209). Similar one longer pair of chromosomes is known also in karyotypes of all karyotyped Androctonus species (SadÍlek et al., 2015). This similarity of karyotypes may reflect phylogenetic relationships that was already proposed in previous phylogenetic analysis (Fet et al., 2003). We observed multivalent association (ten chromosomes of different length) in Buthus awashensis during postpachytene (Figs. 196 – 197). This chain of chromosomes is consequence of multiple reciprocal translocations. Although this type of chromosome rearrangement does not affect chromosome numbers, it may however considerably change the size of the chromosomes (e. g. KovařÍk et al., 2015). It is probably the reason why this species has not one extra large pair of chromosomes, the typical feature of the remaining species with only bivalents (Figs. 202, 205, 208). Despite of the mentioned small differences among analysed species, the karyotypes of species from the Horn of Africa fully correspond to those of Buthus occitanus from France (Guénin, 1961), and the karyotypes seem to be very conservative within the genus Buthus.	en	Kovařík, František, Šťáhlavský, František, Elmi, Hassan Sh Abdirahman (2020): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida Scorpiones) Part XXIII Buthus (Buthidae), with description of two new species. Euscorpius 307: 1-32, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648379
863187DADC59401F6BBCFF08FA1157BF.taxon	description	(Figures 1 – 4, 176 – 177, 186, 191, 195 – 197, 210, Table 3)	en	Kovařík, František, Šťáhlavský, František, Elmi, Hassan Sh Abdirahman (2020): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida Scorpiones) Part XXIII Buthus (Buthidae), with description of two new species. Euscorpius 307: 1-32, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648379
863187DADC59401F6BBCFF08FA1157BF.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY. Ethiopia, Awash, Metahara env., 08 ° 54 ' N 39 ° 54 ' E, 960 - 1050 m. a. s. l.; FKCP. TYPE MATERIAL EXAMINED. Ethiopia, Awash, Metahara env., 08 ° 54 ' N 39 ° 54 ' E, 960 - 1050 m a. s. l., XI. 2010, 2 ♂ (holotype and paratype), leg. T. Mazuch and P. NovÁk, FKCP, 19. - 22. VII. 2011, 31 ♂ (paratypes) 28 ♀ (allotype and paratypes) 25 juveniles (paratypes), FKCP, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (paratypes), AZMM; 1 ♀ im. 2 juvs. (paratypes), BMNH, 1 ♀ 1 juv. (paratypes), CASC; 1 ♀ 1 juv. (paratypes), HNHM, 1 ♀ im. 1 juv. (paratypes), MRAC, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ 1 ♂ im. 1 juv. (paratypes), NHMB, 1 ♀ im. 1 juv. (paratypes), RMNH, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (paratypes), RTOC, 1 ♀ im. 1 juv. (paratypes), ZMHB, 1 ♀ 1 juv. (paratypes), ZMUH, leg. F. KovařÍk; Dire Dawa, 09 ° 34.647 ' N 41 ° 50.33 ' E, 1249 m a. s. l., XI. 2010, 1 ♂ (paratype), leg. T. Mazuch and P. NovÁk, FKCP. OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED (FKCP). Ethiopia, 13 ° 43 ' 10 " N 39 ° 55 ' 34 " E, 879 m a. s. l. (Locality No. 12 EI), 18. XI. 2012, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, leg. F. KovařÍk; 11 ° 37 ' 02 " N 40 ° 08 ' 34 " E, 819 m a. s. l. (Locality No. 12 EKA), 20. XI. 2012, 1 ♀ 1 juv., leg. F. KovařÍk; 11 ° 43 ' 22 " N 40 ° 56 ' 52 " E, 457 m a. s. l. (Locality No. 12 EMA), 20. XI. 2012, 1 juv., leg. F. KovařÍk (UV detection); 11 ° 43 ' 30 " N 40 ° 58 ' 45 " E, 404 m a. s. l. (Locality No. 12 EM), 20. XI. 2012, 3 juvs., leg. F. KovařÍk (UV detection); Gewane, 10 ° 09 ' 38 " N 40 ° 39 ' 45 " E, 631 m a. s. l. (Locality No. 12 EO), 23. XI. 2012, 5 ♂ 8 ♀ 41 juvs., leg. F. KovařÍk, (UV detection); 09 ° 08 ' 10.4 " N 40 ° 09 ' 45.5 " E, 835 m a. s. l. (Locality No. 12 ER), 24. XI. 2012, 1 ♀, leg. F. KovařÍk; Awash, 09 ° 00 ' 34.5 " N 40 ° 17 ' 56.5 " E, 1012 m. a. s. l. (Locality No. 12 EW), 25. XI. 2012, 1 ♀, leg. F. KovařÍk; Awash, Metahara env., 08 ° 54 ' N 39 ° 54 ' E, 960 - 1050 m a. s. l. (Locality No. 12 EX), 25. XI. 2012, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ 3 juvs. (290), topotypes, leg. F. KovařÍk; Afar State, 09 ° 08 ' 10.4 " N 40 ° 09 ' 45.5 " E, 835 m a. s. l. (Locality No. 14 ET = 12 ER), 26. - 27. XI. 2014, 2 ♂ 5 juvs., leg. F. KovařÍk; Afar State, Shewa Province, 20 km N Awash, 09 ° 11 ' 52 " N 40 ° 08 ' 04 " E, 788 m a. s. l., 2. VI. 2015, 4 ♂ 3 ♀ 15 juvs., leg. Pavel Kučera, 27. - 30. XI. 2014, 1 ♀ 4 juvs., leg. F. KovařÍk; Afar State, Shewa Province, 10 km N Metahara, 08 ° 57 ' 01 " N 39 ° 50 ' 30 " E, 980 m a. s. l., 5. VI. 2015, 1 ♀, leg. Pavel Kučera.	en	Kovařík, František, Šťáhlavský, František, Elmi, Hassan Sh Abdirahman (2020): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida Scorpiones) Part XXIII Buthus (Buthidae), with description of two new species. Euscorpius 307: 1-32, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648379
863187DADC59401F6BBCFF08FA1157BF.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. Total length 45 – 62 mm. Mesosoma and carapace dark (grey to black) with orange spots and median black strip. Base color of metasoma, pedipalps ad legs yellow or yellowish red with dark spots, reticulations and dark carinae; telson yellow; chelicerae pale yellow, reticulated only in anterior part. Pedipalp movable fingers bear 11 – 12 rows of granules, obviously with 12 outer and inner denticles and fixed finger with 11 outer and inner denticles. Sexual dimorphism minor; chela of pedipalp narrow in both sexes, its length to width ratio 3.5 – 4.3 in females and 4.1 – 4.8 in males. Telson bulbous, with aculeus shorter than vesicle. Pectinal teeth number 23 – 28 in females and 30 – 35 in males.	en	Kovařík, František, Šťáhlavský, František, Elmi, Hassan Sh Abdirahman (2020): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida Scorpiones) Part XXIII Buthus (Buthidae), with description of two new species. Euscorpius 307: 1-32, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648379
863187DADC51401768E3FBB2FF59578A.taxon	description	(Figures 5 – 24, 178 – 179, 187, 198 – 200, 210, Tables 1, 3)	en	Kovařík, František, Šťáhlavský, František, Elmi, Hassan Sh Abdirahman (2020): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida Scorpiones) Part XXIII Buthus (Buthidae), with description of two new species. Euscorpius 307: 1-32, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648379
863187DADC51401768E3FBB2FF59578A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY. Somaliland; BMNH. TYPE MATERIAL EXAMINED. Somaliland, coll. Miss Gillett, 1 ♂ (holotype, Figs. 5 – 23), BMNH No. 1898.2.5.3. OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED. Somaliland, Agabar, 09 ° 53 ' 04.8 " N 43 ° 57 ' 40.9 " E, 982 m a. s. l. (Locality No. 19 SO, see fig. 69 in KovařÍk, 2019: 13), 9. VII. 2019, 3 ♂ 1 ♀ (No. 1684), leg. F. KovařÍk & T. Mazuch, FKCP.	en	Kovařík, František, Šťáhlavský, František, Elmi, Hassan Sh Abdirahman (2020): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida Scorpiones) Part XXIII Buthus (Buthidae), with description of two new species. Euscorpius 307: 1-32, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648379
863187DADC51401768E3FBB2FF59578A.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. Total length 37 – 54 mm. Base color yellow with strong dark pattern, mainly on carina; telson orange to brown; chelicerae pale yellow, reticulated only in anterior part. Pedipalp movable fingers bear 11 rows of granules, with 11 outer and inner denticles and fixed finger with 10 outer and inner denticles. Chela of pedipalp narrower in male, its length to width ratio 3.4 – 3.6 in females and 4.1 – 4.3 in males. Telson bulbous, with aculeus shorter than vesicle. Pectinal teeth number 24 – 27 in females and 27 – 33 in males.	en	Kovařík, František, Šťáhlavský, František, Elmi, Hassan Sh Abdirahman (2020): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida Scorpiones) Part XXIII Buthus (Buthidae), with description of two new species. Euscorpius 307: 1-32, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648379
863187DADC5140096BE6FBB2FB73521F.taxon	description	(Figures 62 – 100, 180 – 181, 198, 192, 201 – 6, 210, Tables 1, 3) http: // zoobank. org / urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: CC 1 B 5 A 69 - 6788 - 433 B-B 25 F- 2887 F 7539 B 3 F	en	Kovařík, František, Šťáhlavský, František, Elmi, Hassan Sh Abdirahman (2020): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida Scorpiones) Part XXIII Buthus (Buthidae), with description of two new species. Euscorpius 307: 1-32, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648379
863187DADC5140096BE6FBB2FB73521F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY. Somaliland, near Bown village, 10 ° 14 ' 23.6 " N 43 ° 03 ' 04.3 " E, 1255 m a. s. l. (Locality No. 19 SC); FKCP. TYPE MATERIAL (FKCP). Somaliland, Kidile, 20 km of Borama, 10 ° 00 ' 06.6 " N 43 ° 12 ' 26.3 " E, 1427 m a. s. l. (Locality No. 19 SB), 28. VI. 2019, 2 ♂ 2 juvs. (paratypes, 1652, 1653, 1680), leg. T. Mazuch; near Bown village, 10 ° 14 ' 23.6 " N 43 ° 03 ' 04.3 " E, 1255 m a. s. l. (Locality No. 19 SC), 29. VI. 2019, 1 ♂ (holotype) 13 ♂ 3 ♀ 2 ♂ juvs. 4 ♀ juvs. (paratypes, 1655, 1677), leg. F. KovařÍk; Cali Haidh, 10 ° 02 ' 50.6 " N 43 ° 47 ' 08.7 " E, 1056 m a. s. l. (Locality No. 19 SN), 3 ♂ 1 ♀ (paratypes, 1688), 8. VII. 2019, leg. F. KovařÍk; Habas village, 10 ° 24 ' 42.6 " N 42 ° 48 ' 40.1 " E, 866 m a. s. l. (Locality No. 19 SD), 30. VI. 2019, 4 ♂ 3 ♀ 1 juv. (paratypes), leg. F. KovařÍk.	en	Kovařík, František, Šťáhlavský, František, Elmi, Hassan Sh Abdirahman (2020): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida Scorpiones) Part XXIII Buthus (Buthidae), with description of two new species. Euscorpius 307: 1-32, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648379
863187DADC5140096BE6FBB2FB73521F.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. The name honors Reginald Innes Pocock (1863 – 1947) who described two Buthus species from Somaliland.	en	Kovařík, František, Šťáhlavský, František, Elmi, Hassan Sh Abdirahman (2020): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida Scorpiones) Part XXIII Buthus (Buthidae), with description of two new species. Euscorpius 307: 1-32, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648379
863187DADC5140096BE6FBB2FB73521F.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. Total length 41 – 65 mm. Base color yellow dark pattern reduced; telson yellow; chelicerae pale yellow without reticulation. Pedipalp movable fingers bear 11 rows of granules, with 12 outer and inner denticles and fixed finger with 11 outer and 12 inner denticles. Chela of pedipalp narrower in male, its length to width ratio 3.7 – 3.9 in females and 4.1 – 4.3 in males. Telson bulbous, with aculeus shorter than vesicle. Pectinal teeth number 24 – 28 in females and 25 – 36 in males.	en	Kovařík, František, Šťáhlavský, František, Elmi, Hassan Sh Abdirahman (2020): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida Scorpiones) Part XXIII Buthus (Buthidae), with description of two new species. Euscorpius 307: 1-32, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648379
863187DADC5140096BE6FBB2FB73521F.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION. The adults are 41 mm (male) – 65 mm (female) long. The habitus is shown in Figs. 62 – 65, 192. For position and distribution of trichobothria of pedipalps see Figs. 74 – 78, and 80. Sexual dimorphism minor: adult males with pedipalp chela broader. Female with basal middle lamella wide (Fig. 93). Coloration (Figs. 62 – 65, 192). The base color is uniformly yellow with dark pattern reduced, tergites yellow. The pedipalps and legs are yellow with dark carina indicated in males and often absent in females. Telson is yellow. Carapace and mesosoma (Figs. 62 – 65, 90 – 93). The entire carapace is covered with granules small along much of the middline and large anteriorly, posteriorly and laterally. The carinae are typical for genus Buthus, strongly developed and composed of large, round granules. The anterior margin of the carapace is straight, and bears 8 – 10 long, symmetrically placed macrosetae. The tergites are granulated in posterior parts and bear very strong median carinae. A pair of denticulate lateral carinae is strong on tergites II – VI. Tergite VII is pentacarinate, with all carinae strong and granulated. The pectinal tooth count is 24 – 28 (1 x 24, 1 x 25, 8 x 26, 6 x 27, 6 x 28) in the females and 25 – 36 (1 x 25, 3 x 26, 2 x 30, 6 x 31, 14 x 32, 12 x 32, 9 x 34, 1 x 35, 1 x 36) in the males. The pectinal marginal tips extend to the end of the fourth sternite in males and half of the fourth sternite in females. The pectines have three marginal lamellae and seven or eight middle lamellae. The lamellae bear numerous dark setae, each fulcrum with three to six dark setae. All sternites are smooth or very finely granulated. The seventh sternite bears four strongly developed ventral crenulate carinae. Metasoma and telson (Figs. 66 – 73). The first metasomal segment bears 10 carinae, the second throught fourth segments bear eight to 10 carinae (the lateral surface of the second and third segments bears a row of granules that exceeds threequarters of the second and one-half of the third segment length). The fourth segment bear eight carinae and the fifth segment bears five carinae. The ventrolateral carinae of the fifth segment terminate in two lobes. The ventral keels on the second and third segments posteriorly bear two to four large granules. The surface between the carinae is smooth. All segments are sparsely setose. The telson is bulbous, with aculeus shorter than the vesicle. The surface of the telson is unevenly granulated and bears an incomplete lateral carina. Pedipalps (Figs. 74 – 89). The pedipalps are smooth or finely granulated. The femur bears four to five carinae; the ventroexternal carina is incomplete, the other carinae are coarsely granular. The patella bears seven coarsely granular carinae. The chela bears five carinae, which may be weak and incomplete. The movable and fixed fingers bear 11 rows of granules, with 12 outer and inner denticles and fixed finger with 11 outer and 12 inner denticles. Legs (Figs. 94 – 97). Pairs III and IV bear long tibial spurs. Retrolateral and prolateral pedal spurs are present on all legs. The tarsomeres bear two rows of macrosetae on the ventral surface and numerous macrosetae on the other surfaces. Bristlecombs are present on the first to third legs. The femur bears four carinae and the patella bears four to six carinae. The femur and patella bear only solitary macrosetae. Measurements. See Table 1.	en	Kovařík, František, Šťáhlavský, František, Elmi, Hassan Sh Abdirahman (2020): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida Scorpiones) Part XXIII Buthus (Buthidae), with description of two new species. Euscorpius 307: 1-32, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648379
863187DADC5140096BE6FBB2FB73521F.taxon	discussion	AFFINITIES. The described features distinguish B. pococki sp. n. from all other species of the genus. They are recounted in the key below. B. pococki sp. n. has reduced dark pigmentation similar to B. somalilandus sp. n. and B. zeylensis. Both of these species differ from B. pococki sp. n. by orange to brown telson (see Fig. 192 versus Figs. 193 – 194).	en	Kovařík, František, Šťáhlavský, František, Elmi, Hassan Sh Abdirahman (2020): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida Scorpiones) Part XXIII Buthus (Buthidae), with description of two new species. Euscorpius 307: 1-32, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648379
863187DADC4F400C6BC5FD55FC6E5799.taxon	description	(Figures 102 – 139, 182 – 183, 189, 193, 210 – 211, Table 2) http: // zoobank. org / urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 2 D 740 F 55 - 9522 - 4911 - 87 A 8 - 5119 B 727 F 228	en	Kovařík, František, Šťáhlavský, František, Elmi, Hassan Sh Abdirahman (2020): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida Scorpiones) Part XXIII Buthus (Buthidae), with description of two new species. Euscorpius 307: 1-32, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648379
863187DADC4F400C6BC5FD55FC6E5799.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY. Somaliland, near Berbera, 10 ° 15 ' 30.5 " N 45 ° 06 ' 04.2 " E, 376 m a. s. l. (Locality No. 11 SO); FKCP. TYPE MATERIAL (FKCP). Somaliland, near Berbera, 10 ° 15 ' 30.5 " N 45 ° 06 ' 04.2 " E, 376 m a. s. l. (Locality No. 11 SO), 12. VII. 2011, 1 ♂ (holotype) 1 ♂ 2 ♀ 1 ♀ juv. (paratypes), leg. F. KovařÍk; between Berbera and Burao, 10 ° 02 ' 12 " N 44 ° 47 ' 21 " E, 60 m a. s. l. (Locality No. 17 SG), 21. VIII. 2018, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (paratypes), leg. F. KovařÍk; Hamas, between Hargeisa and Berbera, 10 ° 02.267 ' N 44 ° 47.299 ' E, 650 m a. s. l.), 4 ♂ 1 ♀ (paratypes), XI. 2010, leg. T. Mazuch; beetwen Hargeisa and Berbera, 09 ° 56 ' 41 " N 44 ° 41 ' 03 " E, 817 m a. s. l. (Locality No. 11 SD), 8. VII. 2011, 1 ♂ (paratype), leg. F. KovařÍk; beetwen Berbera and Sheikh, 10 ° 05 ' 49.9 " N 45 ° 11 ' 40.1 " E, 628 m a. s. l. (Locality No. 11 SH), 10. VII. 2011, 1 ♀ juv. (paratype), leg. F. KovařÍk; between Berbera and Hargeisa, 09 ° 51 ' 35 " N 44 ° 32 ' 08 " E, 933 m a. s. l. (Locality No. 18 SM), 2. IX. 2018, 1 ♀ (paratype), leg. F. KovařÍk.	en	Kovařík, František, Šťáhlavský, František, Elmi, Hassan Sh Abdirahman (2020): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida Scorpiones) Part XXIII Buthus (Buthidae), with description of two new species. Euscorpius 307: 1-32, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648379
863187DADC4F400C6BC5FD55FC6E5799.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. Named after the country of occurence.	en	Kovařík, František, Šťáhlavský, František, Elmi, Hassan Sh Abdirahman (2020): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida Scorpiones) Part XXIII Buthus (Buthidae), with description of two new species. Euscorpius 307: 1-32, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648379
863187DADC4F400C6BC5FD55FC6E5799.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. Total length 42 – 55 mm. Base color yellow dark pattern reduced; telson orange; chelicerae pale yellow without reticulation. Pedipalp movable fingers bear 10 – 11 rows of granules, with 11 outer and inner denticles and fixed finger with 9 outer and 10 inner denticles. Chela of pedipalp narrower in male, its length to width ratio 3.6 – 3.9 in females and 4.2 – 4.4 in males. Telson bulbous, with aculeus shorter than vesicle. Pectinal teeth number 23 – 26 in females and 30 – 35 in males.	en	Kovařík, František, Šťáhlavský, František, Elmi, Hassan Sh Abdirahman (2020): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida Scorpiones) Part XXIII Buthus (Buthidae), with description of two new species. Euscorpius 307: 1-32, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648379
863187DADC4F400C6BC5FD55FC6E5799.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION. The adults are 42 mm (male) – 55 mm (female) long. The habitus is shown in Figs. 102 – 105, 193. For position and distribution of trichobothria of pedipalps see Figs. 114 – 118, and 120. Sexual dimorphism minor: adult males with pedipalp chela broader. Female with a wide basal middle lamella (Fig. 134). Coloration (Figs. 102 – 105, 193). The base color is uniformly yellow with dark pattern reduced in juveniles and often absent in adults, tergites yellow. The pedipalps and legs are yellow without dark carina in adults. Telson is orange. Carapace and mesosoma (Figs. 102 – 105, 132 – 135). The entire carapace is covered with granules small along much of the middline and large anteriorly, posteriorly and laterally. The carinae are typical for genus Buthus, strongly developed and composed of large, round granules. The anterior margin of the carapace is straight, and bears 10 – 12 long, symmetrically placed macrosetae. The tergites are granulated in posterior parts and bear very strong median carinae. A pair of denticulate lateral carinae is strong on tergites II – VI. Tergite VII is pentacarinate, with all carinae strong and granulated. The pectinal tooth count is 23 – 26 (1 x 23, 6 x 24, 6 x 25, 1 x 26) in the females and 30 – 35 (2 x 30, 4 x 31, 5 x 33, 3 x 34, 2 x 35) in the males. The pectinal marginal tips extend to the end of the fourth sternite or to the quoter of the fifth sternite in males and to the end of the third sternite in females. The pectines have three marginal lamellae and seven or eight middle lamellae. The lamellae bear numerous dark setae, each fulcrum with three to six dark setae. All sternites are smooth or finely granulated. The seventh sternite bears four strongly developed ventral crenulate carinae. Metasoma and telson (Figs. 106 – 113). The first metasomal segment bears 10 carinae, the second throught fourth segments bear eight to 10 carinae (the lateral surface of the second and third segments bears a row of granules that exceeds three-quarters of the second and one-half of the third segment length). The fourth segment bear eight carinae and the fifth segment bears five carinae. The ventrolateral carinae of the fifth segment terminate in two lobes. The ventral keels on the second and third segments posteriorly bear two to four large granules. The surface between the carinae is smooth. All segments are sparsely setose. The telson is bulbous, with aculeus shorter than the vesicle. The surface of the telson is unevenly granulated and bears an incomplete lateral carina. Pedipalps (Figs. 114 – 131). The pedipalps are smooth or finely granulated. The femur bears four to five carinae; the ventroexternal carina is incomplete, the other carinae are coarsely granular. The patella bears seven coarsely granular carinae. The chela bears five carinae, which may be weak and incomplete. The movable and fixed fingers bear 10 – 11 rows of granules, with 11 outer and inner denticles and fixed finger with 9 outer and 10 inner denticles. Legs (Figs. 136 – 139). Pairs III and IV bear long tibial spurs. Retrolateral and prolateral pedal spurs are present on all legs. The tarsomeres bear two rows of macrosetae on the ventral surface and numerous macrosetae on the other surfaces. Bristlecombs are present on the first to third legs. The femur bears four carinae and the patella bears four to six carinae. The femur and patella bear only solitary macrosetae. Measurements. See Table 2.	en	Kovařík, František, Šťáhlavský, František, Elmi, Hassan Sh Abdirahman (2020): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida Scorpiones) Part XXIII Buthus (Buthidae), with description of two new species. Euscorpius 307: 1-32, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648379
863187DADC4F400C6BC5FD55FC6E5799.taxon	discussion	AFFINITIES. The described features distinguish B. somalilandus sp. n. from all other species of the genus. They are recounted in the key below. B. somalilandus sp. n. is similar to B. zeylensis. It is possible to mainly differentiate these two species mainly according to pedipalp movable finger dentition (see key below).	en	Kovařík, František, Šťáhlavský, František, Elmi, Hassan Sh Abdirahman (2020): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida Scorpiones) Part XXIII Buthus (Buthidae), with description of two new species. Euscorpius 307: 1-32, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648379
863187DADC41403B68DEF9B9FE9C55F2.taxon	description	(Figures 101, 140 – 175, 184 – 185, 190, 194, 207 – 209, 210, Tables 2 – 3)	en	Kovařík, František, Šťáhlavský, František, Elmi, Hassan Sh Abdirahman (2020): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida Scorpiones) Part XXIII Buthus (Buthidae), with description of two new species. Euscorpius 307: 1-32, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648379
863187DADC41403B68DEF9B9FE9C55F2.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY. Somaliland, Zeyla; BMNH. MATERIAL EXAMINED. Somaliland, Gerissa, 10 ° 36 ' 01 " N 43 ° 26 ' 07 " E, 245 m a. s. l. (Locality No. 19 SH = 17 ST), 11. - 12. IX. 2017, 22 ♂ 7 ♀ 21 juvs. (Nos. 1294, 1295, 1297), FKCP, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, RTOC, 3. VII. 2019, 8 ♂ 3 ♀ 12 juvs. (No. 1686), FKCP, leg. F. KovařÍk.	en	Kovařík, František, Šťáhlavský, František, Elmi, Hassan Sh Abdirahman (2020): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida Scorpiones) Part XXIII Buthus (Buthidae), with description of two new species. Euscorpius 307: 1-32, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648379
863187DADC41403B68DEF9B9FE9C55F2.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. Total length 37 – 54 mm. Base color yellow dark pattern reduced; telson brown; chelicerae pale yellow without reticulation. Pedipalp movable fingers bear 10 – 11 rows of granules, with 12 outer and inner denticles and fixed finger with 10 – 11 outer and inner denticles. Chela of pedipalp narrower in male, its length to width ratio 3.4 – 3.6 in females and 4.1 – 4.3 in males. Telson bulbous, with aculeus shorter than vesicle. Pectinal teeth number 25 – 29 in females and 28 – 35 in males.	en	Kovařík, František, Šťáhlavský, František, Elmi, Hassan Sh Abdirahman (2020): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida Scorpiones) Part XXIII Buthus (Buthidae), with description of two new species. Euscorpius 307: 1-32, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648379
863187DADC41403B68DEF9B9FE9C55F2.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS. Levy & Amitai (1980: 21) synonymized Buthus occitanus zeylensis Pocock, 1900 with Buthus occitanus berberensis Pocock, 1900. They argued that “ examination of Pocock´s types and of additional material from Somalia showed that these two forms are in fact the two sexes of the same subspecies, the first the male, the second the female. ” We studied in detail a large collection of Somaliland specimens collected during expeditions of 2011 – 2019; this study, including cytogenetic and DNA analysis, confirmed that these two taxa are valid species. Here, we restore Buthus occitanus zeylensis Pocock, 1900 from synonymy and elevate it to species rank. COMMENTS ON LOCALITIES AND LIFE STRATEGY. In 2019, two of us (FK, HE) visited the city of Zeyla, the type locality of Buthus zeylensis Pocock, 1900. It is an extremely hot place, with heavily salted soils. We collected scorpions several km from the city (11 ° 19 ' 31.2 " N 43 ° 22 ' 16.9 " E) and found there Hottentotta polystictus (Pocock, 1896), Microbuthus litoralis (Pavesi, 1885) (first record for Somaliland), Orthochirus afar KovařÍk et Lowe, 2016 and Parabuthus granimanus Pocock, 1895 (topotypes) but no Buthus specimens. Buthus zeylensis is common in Gerissa, a very hot, sandy semidesert area (Fig. 101) where we recorded also H. polystictus, O. afar, and P. granimanus, but also Compsobuthus somalilandus KovařÍk, 2012, Gint gubanensis KovařÍk et al., 2018 (type locality), and Neobuthus gubanensis KovařÍk et al., 2018 (type locality).	en	Kovařík, František, Šťáhlavský, František, Elmi, Hassan Sh Abdirahman (2020): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida Scorpiones) Part XXIII Buthus (Buthidae), with description of two new species. Euscorpius 307: 1-32, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648379
