identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
77129D16FF993D19E0AD843EFA8B38D0.text	77129D16FF993D19E0AD843EFA8B38D0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Isometrus Ehrenberg 1828	<div><p>Genus Isometrus Ehrenberg, 1828</p> <p>(Figure. 1–61, Tables 1–6)</p> <p>Isometrus (selected references): Pocock, 1893: 297; Pocock, 1900: 44 (in part); Vachon, 1972: 169; Tikader &amp; Bastawade, 1983: 254 (in part); Kovařík, 1994: 189 (in part); Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 146 (in part; complete reference list until 1998); Kovařík, 2003: 1 (in part); Kovařík &amp; Ojanguren, 2013: 180 (in part).</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. Scorpio maculatus DeGeer, 1778</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/77129D16FF993D19E0AD843EFA8B38D0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sulakhe, Shauri;Dandekar, Nikhil;Padhye, Anand;Bastawade, Deshabhushan	Sulakhe, Shauri, Dandekar, Nikhil, Padhye, Anand, Bastawade, Deshabhushan (2020): Two new cryptic species of Isometrus (Scorpiones Buthidae) from the northern Western Ghats India. Euscorpius 305: 1-24, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648343
77129D16FF993D14E0C183BAFD693A64.text	77129D16FF993D14E0C183BAFD693A64.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Isometrus tamhini Sulakhe & Dandekar & Padhye & Bastawade 2020	<div><p>Isometrus tamhini sp. n.</p> <p>(Figures 1–14, 36, 40, 46, 50, 54, 58, Tables 1a, e, 2–6)</p> <p>http: //zoobank. org/urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 08F3D798- CB85-4F5D-B823-D980B4A8EAAB</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY. India, Maharashtra State, Pune District, Tamhini, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=73.41&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.48" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 73.41/lat 18.48)">Dongarwadi</a>, 18.48°N 73.41°E, 638 m a. s. l.; BNHS.</p> <p>TYPE MATERIAL. India, Maharashtra State, Pune District, Tamhini, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=73.41&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.48" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 73.41/lat 18.48)">Dongarwadi</a>, 18.48°N 73.41°E, 638 m a. s. l., 1♂ (holotype, BNHS SC 155), 27 October 2018, 1♂ (paratype, INHER-73), 30 October 2018, 1♂ (paratype INHER-92), 2♀ (paratypes INHER-91 and INHER-94), 27 October 2018, 1♀ (paratype BNHS SC 156), 1♀ (paratype INHER-78), 23 October 2018. All specimens collected by S. Sulakhe, R. Yenpure, C. Risbud &amp; M. Ketkar.</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. The species epithet is a noun in apposition indicating the Tamhini Village located in the Pune District, northern Western Ghats, the type locality of the new species. Suggested common name: Tamhini Tree Scorpion.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION. (♂ holotype, measurements in Table 1a)</p> <p>Coloration (Figs. 1, 2, 8, 9). Body and appendages yellowish brown and variegated with blackish brown stripes and spots; metasomal segment V and pedipalp fingers dark brownish. Ventral portion of the body uniformly yellow and posterior one-third portion of sternite V light yellowish to whitish. Basal segments of chelicera dorsally yellowish with blackish reticulation ending anteriorly into brownish transverse patch; Ventral surface of chelicera yellowish; fingers of chelicera dark brown. Telson blackish brown.</p> <p>Carapace (Figs. 6, 36, 40). Surface densely and coarsely granular, almost entirely except few areas on lateral and posterior median portion. Carapace without carinae, except for a pair of conspicuous median supra-ocular carinae; with coarse granular texture. A pair of median eyes situated anteriorly in the ratio 1:2.2 (ratio of median eyes to anterior margin and median eyes to posterior margin). Anterolateral ocular tubercle granular, with three pairs of sub-contiguous lateral ocelli and two micro-ocelli situated behind the lateral ocelli. Median longitudinal furrow throughout the length of carapace. Anterior margin with shallow emargination coarsely granulated with conspicuous median notch. Lateral margins finely and densely crenulated below the lateral ocelli. Posterior margin almost entirely smooth, except for the latero-posterior portion.</p> <p>Chelicerae. Characteristic of the family Buthidae. Basal segments and movable fingers with short and firm setae on the basal and ventral surfaces.</p> <p>Pedipalp (Figs. 11–14). Femur with 5 carinae (dorsal exterior, dorsal interior, exterior median, interior median and exterior ventral). Exterior median carina with few granules more prominent, robust and triangularly tuberculate. All remaining carinae are evenly crenulated. Intercarinal space more granular on dorsal surface. Ventral surface almost smooth except few closely set granules on proximal portions. Patella with 7 distinct carinae (dorsal median, dorsal interior, dorsal exterior, exterior median, ventral exterior, interior median and ventral interior). Dorsal exterior, dorsal interior and dorsal median weakly granular. Dorsal interior supported with an additional short carina on anterior sub-dorsal portion. Interior median strongly tuberculated with few sub-denticulate granules. Exterior median, ventral exterior and ventral interior carinae smooth and obsolete. Intercarinal space weakly and finely granular. Manus without carinae and finely and sparsely granular. Fixed fingers with 2 smooth and obsolete carina (dorsal exterior and dorsal interior). Fixed and movable finger armed with 5 rows of linear dentition. Trichobothrial pattern typical for the genus.</p> <p>Legs. Femur and patellae carinated. All carinae granular. Tibiae 3 and 4 without tibial spur. All legs with a pair of pedal spurs. Tarsomere covered with long delicate setae arranged in parallel rows on ventral side. Tarsomere I with a tuft of short, stout blackish setae. Tarsomere II compressed laterally. Dorsal margin of each leg ending into a pointed projection and ventrally provided with paired row of short, pointed, anteriorly directed, closely placed setae. Tarsomere II armed with a pair of sharply pointed curved claws and a soft, triangular and blunt basal claw.</p> <p>Genital operculum (Figs. 3, 10). Wider than long, elliptical, separated, with a pair of short male genital papillae.</p> <p>Pectines (Figs. 3, 10). Basal piece rectangular, deeply notched on anterior median margin. Posterior margin of basal piece slightly curved; smooth on surface with a parallel wide subbasal piece along the posterior margin. Surface provided with pairs of short, red setae. Pectines 4.5 times longer than width, marginal lamella of 3 digits and median lamella of 6 digits, external margin armed with a row of stout short red setae and few setae on surface. Fulcra number 15, roughly triangular each armed with few short red setae, placed in between adjacent pectinal teeth. Teeth number 16, strong and stout.</p> <p>Mesosoma (Figs. 1–3, 6–9). Tergites I–VI sparsely and finely granular and with a granular median carina. Posterior and lateral margins granular. Tergite I with short median carina. Tergite VII narrow posteriorly, granular, provided with 2 pairs of lateral granular carinae, inners up to pre-tergal portion while external pair runs diverging laterally up to two-thirds portion and end abruptly. A broad median carina limited to anterior one-third of median portion. Sternites III – VI almost entirely smooth with a pair of spiracles; with very finely granular on posterior margins, other margins smooth, each tergite with different numbers of setae on surface and posterior margins. Sternite V with extended, convex, exceptionally smooth posterior median margin. Sternite VII smooth on posterior margin while finely crenulated to serrated on lateral margins; with 2 pairs of granular carinae; median carinae restricted to posterior two-thirds portion; lateral carinae present in the middle portion.</p> <p>Metasoma (Figs. 1–2, 6–9). All segments longer than wide; basal segment two times longer than wide. Segment I with 5 pairs of carinae (dorsals, dorsolaterals, laterals, ventrolaterals and ventrals) well developed and granular, ending posteriorly in a sub-triangular blunt and weakly pointed tubercle. Intercarinal space weakly and finely granular, anterior margin granular. Segments II and III provided with 4 pairs of carinae (dorsal, dorsolateral, ventrolaterals and ventrals). Laterals granular and marked on posterior one-third portion of II and III segments. Intercarinal portion irregularly granular, dorsolateral and dorsal carinae posteriorly ending in to subtringular tubercles. Segment IV with 4 pairs of granular carinae (dorsal, dorsolateral, ventrolaterals and ventrals). Dorsals ending into subtringular tubercles. Intercarinal space less irregularly granular. Segment V with 7 carinae (dorsal, dorsolateral and ventrolateral pairs and single ventral); dorsal carinae weakly, sparsely and obsoletely granular. Dorsolaterals present throughout. Laterals totally absent. Ventrolaterals and single ventral median carinae granular and ending posteriorly into weakly granular anal rim. Intercarinal space irregularly and weakly granular than segments I–IV.</p> <p>Telson (Figs. 4–5, 54).Vesicle elongated, smooth on dorsal surface. Lateral surface demarcated with granular ridge. Ventral median carina strongly granular ending into triangular, subaculear tooth, armed with a pair of minute denticles on inner margin. Ventral portion with 2 pairs of sparsely and finely granular carinae. Intercarinal space weakly and finely granular. Aculeus with strong acute angle between subaculear tooth and base of aculeus. Subaculear tooth more pointed and external margin along the ventral median carina almost straight with the vesicle.</p> <p>SEXUAL DIMORPHISM. Male genital operculum partially exposed on posterior portion, from which a pair of small genital papillae is seen. In females, the genital operculum is separated with a median suture covering the female genital orifice (Figs. 3, 10).</p> <p>AFFINITIES. Isometrus tamhini sp. n. is distinguished from its congeners based on the following set of characters:</p> <p>1) Surface of carapace densely and coarsely granular as opposed to densely and finely granular in I. amboli sp. n., granular throughout but obsolete in I. maculatus, as opposed to sparsely granular with some areas without granules in I. thurstoni (Figs. 36–39). 2) External margin of subaculear tooth of telson along the ventral median carina, almost straight with the vesicle (Fig. 4). 3) Pedipalp length more than 5 times the carapace length in males as opposed to less than or equal to 5 times in males of I. thurstoni, I. amboli sp. n.,and I. maculatus (Table 1e). 4) Anterior margin of carapace with shallow emargination as opposed to anterior margin of carapace with deep emargination in I. thurstoni (Figs. 56–59). 5) Telson depth to telson length ratio is equal to or more than four times in males as opposed to less than four times in I. amboli sp. n. and I. thurstoni (Table 1e). 6) Telson aculeus less elongated in males (telson length 3 times or more than 3 times telson aculeus length) as opposed to telson aculeus more elongated (telson length always less than 3 times telson aculeus length) in males of I. amboli sp. n. and I. thurstoni (Table 1e, Figs. 52–54). 7) Ventral median carina on vesicle strongly granular as opposed to very weakly granular in I. thurstoni (Fig. 5). 8) Pectine length less than 5 times pectine width as opposed to pectine length greater than 5 times pectine width in I. maculatus (Table 1e).</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION, HABITAT AND ECOLOGY. The new species is currently known only from the type locality. In our primary surveys, the specimens were found on tall trees in the semievergreen forests of Tamhini and Dongarwadi. All the specimens were found on large trees with rough bark having ridges, at a height of 2 to 4 meters (Figs. 15–16, 34–35).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/77129D16FF993D14E0C183BAFD693A64	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sulakhe, Shauri;Dandekar, Nikhil;Padhye, Anand;Bastawade, Deshabhushan	Sulakhe, Shauri, Dandekar, Nikhil, Padhye, Anand, Bastawade, Deshabhushan (2020): Two new cryptic species of Isometrus (Scorpiones Buthidae) from the northern Western Ghats India. Euscorpius 305: 1-24, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648343
77129D16FF943D05E20B81CFFDE23E65.text	77129D16FF943D05E20B81CFFDE23E65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Isometrus amboli Sulakhe & Dandekar & Padhye & Bastawade 2020	<div><p>Isometrus amboli sp. n.</p> <p>(Figures 17–31, 37, 41, 47, 51, 55, 59, Tables 1b, e, 2–6))</p> <p>http: //zoobank. org/urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: E9ABD9A7- 06A0-46B8-A578-14130C7F3DF5</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY. India, Maharashtra State, Sindhudurg District, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=74.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.94" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 74.0/lat 15.94)">Amboli</a>, 15.94°N 74.00°E, 872 m a. s. l.; BNHS.</p> <p>TYPE MATERIAL. India, Maharashtra State, Sindhudurg District, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=74.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.94" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 74.0/lat 15.94)">Amboli</a>, 15.94°N 74.00°E, 872 m a. s. l., 11 May 2019, 1♂ (holotype, BNHS SC 157), 06 September 2017, ♂ (paratype, INHER-42), 11 May 2019, 1♀ (paratype, BNHS SC 158), 5♂ (paratypes, INHER-110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115), leg. S. Sulakhe.</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. The species epithet is a noun in apposition indicating the name of the Amboli Village located in Sindhudurg District, northern Western Ghats, where the type locality is situated. Suggested common name: Amboli Tree Scorpion.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION. (♂ holotype, measurements in Table 1b) Coloration (Figs. 17–18, 24–25). Body and appendages dark brown and variegated with blackish brown stripes and spots; dark brownish last metasomal segment and pedipalp fingers. Ventral portion light yellowish except sternite VII with darker patches. Sternite V with pale yellowish color (Fig. 18). Basal segments of chelicera dorsally yellowish with blackish reticulation ending anteriorly into brownish transverse patch; Chelicerae dark brownish on anterior portion of basal segments and fingers. Telson reddish brown in color.</p> <p>Carapace (Figs. 37, 41). Surface densely and finely granular, almost entirely except very few areas without granules on the posterior median portion. Carapace without carinae, except for a pair of inconspicuous median supraocular carinae, with fine granular texture. A pair of median eyes situated anteriorly in the ratio 1:2.1 (ratio of median eyes to anterior margin and median eyes to posterior margin). Anterolateral ocular tubercle granular, provided with 5 pairs of lateral ocelli. Three pairs of sub-contiguous lateral ocelli and two micro-ocelli situated behind the lateral ocelli. Median longitudinal furrow throughout the length of carapace. Anterior margin with shallow emargination, finely granulated with conspicuous median notch. Lateral margins finely and densely crenulated below the lateral ocelli. Posterior margin finely crenulated.</p> <p>Chelicerae. Characteristic of the family Buthidae with normal buthid dentation on both fingers. Basal segments and movable fingers with short and firm setae on the basal and ventral surfaces.</p> <p>Pedipalp (Figs. 27–31). Femur with 5 carinae (dorsal exterior, dorsal interior, exterior median, interior median, and exterior ventral). Exterior median carina with few granules more prominent, robust and triangularly tuberculate. All remaining carinae are evenly crenulated. Intercarinal space more granular on dorsal surface. Ventral surface almost smooth. Patella with 7 distinct carinae (dorsal median, dorsal interior, dorsal exterior, exterior median, ventral exterior, interior median and ventral interior). Dorsal median and dorsal interior carinae granular. Dorsal median present only on one-third distal portion. Dorsal exterior and exterior median almost smooth and obsolete. Intercarinal space weakly and sparsely granular. Interior median strongly tuberculated with few sub-denticulate granules. Both ventral carinae very weekly granular. Manus almost smooth, carinae weakly traceable. Fixed fingers with 2 smooth and obsolete carinae (dorsal exterior and dorsal interior). Dorsal exterior carina present all along the length. Fixed and movable finger armed with 5 rows of linear dentition Trichobothrial pattern typical for the genus.</p> <p>Legs. Femur and patellae carinated. All carinae granular. Tibiae 3 and 4 without tibial spur. All legs with a pair of pedal spurs. Tarsomere covered with long delicate setae arranged in parallel rows on ventral side. Tarsomere I provided with tuft of short, stout blackish setae. Tarsomere II compressed laterally. Dorsal margin of each leg ending into a pointed projection and ventrally provided with paired row of short, pointed, anteriorly directed, closely placed setae. Tarsomere II armed with a pair of sharply pointed curved claws and a soft, triangular and blunt basal claw. Genital operculum (Figs. 19, 26). Wider than long, elliptical, separated with a pair of short male genital papillae, with a few reddish setae present on lateral posterior portion.</p> <p>Pectines (Figs. 19, 26). Basal piece squarish, deeply notched on anterior median margin. Posterior margin of basal piece straight; smooth on surface with a parallel narrow sub-basal piece along the posterior margin. Surface provided with pairs of short, red setae. Pectine 4.6 times longer than its width, marginal lamella of 3 digits and median lamella of 6 digits, external margin armed with a row of stout short red setae and few setae on surface. Fulcra 16, roughly triangular each armed with few short red setae, placed in between adjacent pectinal teeth. Teeth 17, strong and stout.</p> <p>Mesosoma (Figs. 17–19, 22–25). Tergites I–VI densely and finely granular, with a granular median carina. Posterior and lateral margins granular. Tergite VII narrowed posteriorly, granular, with 2 pairs of lateral granular carinae, inners up to pre-tergal portion while outer pair runs diverging laterally up to two-thirds portion and end abruptly. A broad median carina limited to anterior two-thirds of median portion. Sternites III– VI almost entirely smooth with a pair of spiracles. Margins smooth, each tergite with different numbers of setae on surface and posterior margins. Sternite V with extended, convex and exceptionally smooth posterior median margin. Sternite VII smooth on posterior margin while finely crenulated to serrated on lateral margins; with 2 pairs of granular carinae; median carinae restricted to posterior two-thirds portion; lateral carinae present in the middle portion.</p> <p>Metasoma (Figs. 17–18, 22–25). All segments longer than wide; basal segment two times longer than wide. Segment I with 5 pairs of carinae (dorsals, dorsolaterals, laterals, ventrolaterals and ventrals) well developed and granular, ending posteriorly in a sub-triangular blunt and weakly pointed tubercle. Intercarinal space weakly and sparsely granular, anterior margin granular. Segments II and III with 4 pairs of carinae (dorsal, dorsolateral, ventrolaterals and ventrals). Laterals granular and marked on posterior one-third portion of II and III segments. Intercarinal portion weakly and finely granular, dorsolateral and dorsal carinae posteriorly ending in to subtringular tubercles. Segment IV with 4 pairs of granular carinae (dorsal, dorsolateral, ventrolaterals and ventrals). Dorsals ending into subtringular tubercles. Intercarinal space less irregularly granular. Segment V with 7 carinae (dorsal, dorsolateral and ventrolateral pairs and single ventral); dorsal carinae granular. Dorsolaterals present throughout. Laterals present on anterior one-fourth portion. Ventrolaterals and single ventral median carinae weakly granular and ending posteriorly into granular anal rim. Intercarinal space irregularly, weakly and finely granular than segments I to IV.</p> <p>Telson (Figs. 20–21, 55) Vesicle elongated, less carinated; smooth and flat on dorsal surface. Lateral surface demarcated with granular ridge. Ventral median carina finely granular and ending posteriorly into triangular, subaculear tooth, on inner margin with minute denticle. Ventral portion with two pairs of sparsely and finely granular carinae. Intercarinal space weakly and finely granular. Aculeus with acute angle between subaculear nodule and base of aculeus. Subaculear tooth pointed and external margin along the ventral median carina angular with the vesicle.</p> <p>SEXUAL DIMORPHISM. Male genital operculum partially exposed on posterior portion, from which a pair of small genital papillae is seen. In females, the genital operculum is separated with a median suture covering the female genital orifice (Figs. 19, 26).</p> <p>AFFINITIES. Isometrus amboli sp. n. is distinguished from its congeners based on the following set of characters: 1) Surface of carapace densely and finely granular as opposed to densely and coarsely granular in I. tamhini sp. n., granular throughout but obsolete in I. maculatus, as opposed to sparsely granular with some areas without granules in I. thurstoni. (Figs. 36–39). 2) External margin of subaculear tooth of telson along the ventral median carina, angular with the vesicle (Fig. 20). 3) Pedipalp length less than or equal to 5 times the carapace length in males as opposed to more than 5 times in males of I. tamhini sp. n. (Table 1e). 4) Anterior margin of carapace with shallow emargination as opposed to anterior margin of carapace with deep emargination in I. thurstoni (Figs. 56–59). 5) Telson depth to telson length ratio is less than four times in males as opposed to more than four times in I. tamhini. (Table 1). 6) Telson aculeus more elongated in males (telson length always less than 3 times telson aculeus length) as opposed to telson aculeus less elongated in males (telson length 3 times or more than 3 times telson aculeus length) in I. tamhini sp. n. (Table 1e, Figs. 52, 53, 55). 7) Ventral median carina on vesicle strongly granular as opposed to very weakly granular in I. thurstoni (Fig. 21). 8) Pectine length less than or equal to 5 times pectine width as opposed to pectine length greater than 5 times pectine width in I. maculatus in males and females (Table 1e).</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION, HABITAT AND ECOLOGY. The new species is currently known only from the type locality. In our primary surveys, it was found on tall trees in the semi-evergreen forests of Amboli. All specimens were found on the bark of trees with ridges, at a height from 2–4 meters. A few specimens were also collected from inside the tree holes (Figs. 32–35).</p> <p>Statistical Analysis</p> <p>The first three PCA factors with eigenvalues more that 1.0 explained 99.17% of variation among the species (Table 2). The DFA using all the PCA factors as input resulted in 100% of individuals being classified into their respective species (Table 3). The three discriminant functions with eigenvalues greater than 1.0 explained 100% of variation among these species (Table 4), all the species formed distinct clusters on the factor plane using the first two DFA axes (Fig. 60). Genetic Analysis The model selection suggested transition model with gamma distribution (HKY+I, lnL = -2272.654, df = 40, BIC = 4915.361) as the best nucleotide substitution model. Isometrus tamhini sp. n. and I. amboli sp. n. formed a monophyletic clade distinct from I. maculatus and I. thurstoni in maximum likelihood analysis (Fig. 61). I. tamhini sp. n. differed from I. maculatus by a raw genetic distance of 13.5–13.7%, and from I. thurstoni by 11.6–12.4%. I. amboli sp. n. differed from I. maculatus by a raw genetic distance of 13.4 %, and from I. thurstoni by 13.0–13.2% (Table 5). I. tamhini sp. n. and I. amboli sp. n. differ from each other by a raw genetic distance of 6.6–7.4% (Table 5). Discussion The distribution records of the genus Isometrus from India (under I. maculatus and I. thurstoni) were last listed by Kovařík (2003), based on older museum collections. Though Isometrus maculatus has been reported from the state of Maharashtra, none of our collected specimens from the northern Western Ghats matched I. maculatus morphologically and genetically. The COI gene sequence KY982207.1 (Esposito et al., 2018) of I. maculatus from Wellawaya, Sri Lanka, used for comparison, is the only available DNA sequence of this species.</p> <p>The species of the genus Isometrus are morphologically cryptic and the specimens that we collected and studied in the museum collections are difficult to distinguish based on morphology alone. In our DNA-based phylogeny, I. tamhini sp. n. and I. amboli sp. n. form a different clade and, among the Indian species, are closer to I. thurstoni than to I. maculatus.</p> <p>Other sequences available in GenBank (MF422312.1 and MF422315.1) (Dahanukar &amp; Suranase, unpublished) of unidentified Isometrus species from Ajara near Amboli are similar to the sequences of I. amboli sp. n. with a raw genetic distance of 2.3–2.5%; therefore we consider this population to belong to I. amboli sp. n. Also, a gene sequence MF422314.1 obtained by Dahanukar &amp; Suranase (unpublished) of unidentified Isometrus species from Tamhini belongs to I. tamhini sp. n.</p> <p>A type specimen of I. maculatus from DeGeer’s collection exists in the Swedish Royal Museum of Natural History, Stockholm (V. Fet, pers. comm); however, its type locality is undefined (it was originally listed as “ Suriname and Pennsylvania”!); this cosmopolitan species is assumed to have originated from South Asia (Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000). Assignment of specimens collected worldwide to I. maculatus was made traditionally based on morphology. Considering the origin, presence and dispersal of I. maculatus around the world (Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000; Lourenço &amp; Huber, 2002; Kovařík &amp; Ojanguren, 2013; Veronika et al., 2013; Kovařík et al., 2016), and the records of I. maculatus and I. thurstoni in more than five states in India (Kovařík, 2003), it is imperative to follow integrated taxonomy to achieve clarity regarding distribution of these species. With our description of two new species from the northern Western Ghats, it is apparent that the genus Isometrus might have more undescribed species in India.</p> <p>Considering the high faunal diversity in the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot and the associated threats to the same, it is essential to understand the diversity through discovery of undescribed species as well as distribution pattern and delimitation of the species so as to set priorities and appropriate strategies for conservation.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/77129D16FF943D05E20B81CFFDE23E65	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sulakhe, Shauri;Dandekar, Nikhil;Padhye, Anand;Bastawade, Deshabhushan	Sulakhe, Shauri, Dandekar, Nikhil, Padhye, Anand, Bastawade, Deshabhushan (2020): Two new cryptic species of Isometrus (Scorpiones Buthidae) from the northern Western Ghats India. Euscorpius 305: 1-24, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648343
