taxonID	type	description	language	source
039187FF245A504C6882FD44F284F810.taxon	type_taxon	— Type: S. pusilla (Gaertn.) Willd.	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF245A504C6882FD44F284F810.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Scolopia strongly resembles Ludia Comm. ex Juss., which is confined to Madagascar, East Africa, and several groups of Indian Ocean islands, except that Ludia lacks petals. Sleumer (1972 a) noted that species of Scolopia with caducous petals had been erroneously placed within Ludia in prior literature, while a few apetalous species known from inadequate material had been erroneously placed within Scolopia. He found that characters of the anther connective, style and venation did not correspond to generic boundaries, so the presence of petals is the only reliable distinction between the two genera. It seems possible that Ludia evolved within Scolopia, but in the absence of molecular evidence supporting that hypothesis, we maintain the traditional generic circumscriptions. Fourteen species of Scolopia are herein recognized in Madagascar, one of them newly described and all endemic. These can be divided into two groups: the first consists of five species native to relatively dry habitats, which have single-flowered inflorescences and usually bear spines, while the second comprises nine species found usually in humid and littoral forests, which have more than one flower per inflorescence and lack spines. Flowering specimens are more easily identified than fruiting specimens, as known fruits of all species are similar in appearance (red, subglobose, the individual species’ size ranges fairly large and overlapping too much to make size a useful character), while useful characters such as stamen number, flowering pedicel length, and anther morphology are obscured in fruit. (As far as can be determined, all Malagasy species have anthers with long extended connectives; this is not the case for all species of the genus, and the character helps to distinguish certain Malagasy species from similar species of the Mascarenes.) However, most herbarium specimens collected are fruiting, so the key presented here emphasizes vegetative features and those characters visible in fruit as much as possible. Leaf shape is a valuable character for identification of species. In the humid and littoral forest species, leaf shape can be quite variable within species and the ranges of variation in related species overlap, but significant average differences exist. As these differences can be difficult to describe verbally, a figure showing “ typical ” leaf shapes in these species (Fig. 1) has been provided to facilitate use of the key. The color of the leaves upon drying is not entirely consistent within species, but shows strong trends that are correlated with ecological preferences. Collections from low- to high-elevation humid forests and dry bush almost always dry brown to dark brown, very rarely greenish brown, while most taxa of littoral and sublittoral forests almost always dry a pale color, usually greenish to gray-green or olive on at least one surface, or rarely dark-mottled. Since this pattern is observed from numerous localities and collections made over several decades, it is unlikely to be merely an artifact of varying specimen processing techniques; rather, it seems likely to reflect substantive differences in leaf anatomy or biochemistry correlated with adaptation to different habitats.	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF245F504B6B8CFF25F079FBD5.taxon	materials_examined	— Type: Madagascar. Prov. Antsiranana, Montagne des Français, vallon de l’Andavakoera (Diégo-Suarez), 20. XII. 1963, fl., Service Forestier 23006 (holo-, P [P 00077407]!; iso-, P × 4 [P 00077408, P 00077409]!; BR [BR 00000624443]; K × 2 [K 000231291, K 000231292], L × 3 [L 0011228, L 0011229, L 0539776], TEF [TEF 000248], photos seen).	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF245F504B6B8CFF25F079FBD5.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. — Scolopia calcicola is known only from a single collection, from Montagne des Français in the extreme north (Fig. 2).	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF245F504B6B8CFF25F079FBD5.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Notes from the type indicate that Scolopia calcicola is a spiny large shrub or small tree (“ arbuste ”) with platanoid bark. It is distinguished from other species in the xerophytic group by its small obovate leaves and glabrous ovary.	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF245F504B6B8CFF25F079FBD5.taxon	conservation	CONSERVATION STATUS The preliminary assessment of the conservation status of Scolopia calcicola is Critically Endangered (CR B 2 ab (iii )). The single known location has not been protected, though efforts are currently underway to provide it some degree of protected status, and the area has suffered obvious anthropogenic degradation. Since the area of Montagne des Français is relatively often visited by botanical collectors, the lack of additional specimens is evidence that the population is likely to be small.	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF245F50496BFCFB86F558F817.taxon	description	(Fig. 3)	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF245F50496BFCFB86F558F817.taxon	diagnosis	Tree without spines; leaves drying pale green, narrowly elliptical, up to 8.6 × 2.9 cm, with apex acute to somewhat cuspidate or rounded, base convex to cuneate, petiole 4 - 6 (- 8) mm; inflorescences 3 - 7 - flowered; pedicels post-flowering 6 - 7 mm; sepals and petals glabrous except for minutely ciliolate margins; stamens very numerous, with connective 2 to 3 times longer than thecae.	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF245F50496BFCFB86F558F817.taxon	materials_examined	TYPUS. — Madagascar. Prov. Toliara, about 10 km NNE of Fort- Dauphin (Tôlagnaro), Mandena region, 24 ° 57 ’ S, 47 ° 02 ’ E, 10 m, 14. VI. 1991, post-fl., Zarucchi et al. 7618 (holo-, MO [MO 4026737]!; iso-, P!, TAN n. v.). PARATYPES. — Madagascar. Prov. Toliara, Préfecture de Tôlagnaro (Fort-Dauphin), Mandena, parcelles campement, 24 ° 57 ’ S, 47 ° 00 ’ E, 0 - 10 m, 17. IV. 1989, Dumetz et al. 685 (MO, P, TAN n. v.). — Fokontany Sainte Luce, Fort-Dauphin, 24 ° 46 ’ 05 ” S, 47 ° 10 ’ 20 ” E, 17. XII. 2000, fr., Faliniaina et al. 30 (MO, TEF n. v.). — Préfecture de Taolagnaro (Fort-Dauphin), Canton Manambaro, Petriky Forest, due N of NE corner of Lake Andranany, NW of large dune at end of road, c. 11 km WSW of Tôlagnaro, 25 ° 03 ’ S, 46 ° 53 ’ E, 0 - 10 m, 12. IV. 1989, Gereau et al. 3352 (MO, P). — Préfecture de Tôlagnaro (Fort-Dauphin), canton de Manambaro, Petriky Forest, c. 1.5 km W of large dune near N shore of Lake Andranany, c. 12 km WSW of Tôlagnaro, 25 ° 03 ’ S, 46 ° 53 ’ E, 0 - 10 m, 14. IV. 1989, fr., Gereau et al. 3375 (MO, P, TAN n. v.). — St. Luce, proposed QIT Madagascar Minerals ilmenite mining conservation area, 24 ° 46 ’ 42 ” S, 47 ° 10 ’ 15 ” E, 0 m, 13. X. 2000, fr., Hoffmann et al. 203 (MO). — N of Fort Dauphin, Ste. Luce region (Manafiafy), 24 ° 47 ’ S, 47 ° 10 ’ E, 25 m, 19. X. 1989, fr., McPherson et al. 14157 (MO, P, TAN n. v.). — Fort Dauphin (Tôlagnaro) region, near area called Mandena, beyond QIT camp, 24 ° 57 ’ S, 47 ° 00 ’ E, 20 m, 4. XI. 1989, fr., McPherson 14372 (MO, P, TAN n. v.). — Forêt classée, M 15, Ampasy, Tôlagnaro, 24 ° 57 ’ 12 ” S, 47 ° 00 ’ 09 ” E, 0 - 10 m, 30. IX. 2000, fr., Rabenantoandro et al. 291 (MO, P, TAN n. v.). — Mandena, Ampasy, Tôlagnaro, 24 ° 57 ’ 06 ” S, 47 ° 00 ’ 06 ” E, 0 - 10 m, 18. XII. 2000, fr., Rabenantoandro et al. 396 (MO, P, TAN n. v.). — Fivondronana Fort-Dauphin, firaisana Mahatalaky, fokontany Sainte Luce, forêt de Sainte Luce, parcelle S 9 de la zone de conservation QMM. 24 ° 46 ’ 15 ” S, 47 ° 10 ’ 15 ” E, 4 m, 5. XI. 2003, fr., Rabenantoandro et al. 1584 (MO, P, TAN n. v.). — Anosy region, Tôlagnaro, Manambaro, Ambovo, forêt de Petriky, zone de conservation, 25 ° 04 ’ S, 46 ° 51 ’ E, 5 m, 20. III. 2007, fr., Rabenantoandro et al. 1795 (G, MO, P, TEF n. v.). — Same loc., 5. IV. 2007, fr., Rabenantoandro et al. 1799 (MO, P, TEF n. v.). — Préfecture de Tôlagnaro (Fort-Dauphin), forêt au NW de Ste. Luce, 24 ° 46 ’ S, 47 ° 09 ’ E, 10 m, 15 - 16. I. 1990, fr., Rabevohitra 2147 (MO, P, TAN n. v.). — Anosy, Tôlagnaro, Manambaro, Petriky, 25 ° 03 ’ 43 ” S, 46 ° 52 ’ 06 ” E, 8 m, 16. XI. 2006, fr., Ramison 73 (MO, P, TEF n. v.) — Anosy, Tôlagnaro, Ampasy Nahampoana, Mandena, forêt Mandena, M 16, 24 ° 57 ’ S, 47 ° 00 ’ E, 6. VII. 2007, fr., Ramison & Armand 320 (G, K, MO, P, TEF n. v., USMS). — Anosy, Tôlagnaro, Manambaro, Ambovo, forêt de Petriky, 25 ° 04 ’ S, 46 ° 51 ’ E, 30. XI. 2007, fr., Ramison et al. 475 (G, K, MO, P, TEF n. v., USMS). — Préfecture de Fort-Dauphin, forêt de Petriky, 25 ° 04 ’ S, 46 ° 51 ’ E, 0 - 10 m, 3. IX. 2001, fr., Randriatafika 289 (MO, P, TAN, TEF n. v.). — Anosy, Tôlagnaro, Manambaro, Petriky, 25 ° 03 ’ S, 46 ° 53 ’ E, 13. XI. 2006, fr., Randriatafika 742 (MO, P, TEF n. v.) — Fivondronana Fort-Dauphin, firaisana Manambaro, fokontany Petriky, 25 ° 03 ’ 19 ” S, 46 ° 51 ’ 55 ” E, 18. II. 2004, fr., Randriatafika & Ramisy 407 (MO, TAN n. v.). — Forêt de Petriky, Ambovo, Manambaro, Fort-Dauphin, 25 ° 03 ’ 39 ” S, 46 ° 52 ’ 09 ” E, 10 m, 17. VI. 1999, post-fl., Randriatafika et al. 74 (MO, P, TAN n. v.). — Fivondronana Fort-Dauphin, firaisana Manambaro, forêt de Petriky entre le village d’Ambovo et de Loharano, 25 ° 03 ’ 57 ” S, 46 ° 51 ’ 18 ” E, 10 m, 11. II. 2004, fr., Randriatafika et al. 386 (MO, TAN n. v.). — Village Iatovy, canton Fort-Dauphin, district Fort-Dauphin, 7. XII. 1954, Réserves Naturelles 46 - R- 87 (P). — Mandena, Fort-Dauphin, 7. III. 1957, fl., Service Forestier 2850 (P). — Fort-Dauphin, 17. IV. 1951, fr., Service Forestier 3360 (P).	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF245F50496BFCFB86F558F817.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. — Scolopia delphinensis, sp. nov. is confined to the region around Fort-Dauphin in the extreme southeast; it occurs in littoral forest and humid coastal forest (Fig. 4).	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF245F50496BFCFB86F558F817.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Tree to 12 m, dbh 22 cm, or less often a shrub; bark smooth; young twigs pale gray, glabrous. Leaves narrowly elliptical (to somewhat oblong, oblanceolate, or, in exceptional leaves, elliptical), (2.5 -) 4 - 7.5 (- 9.3) × (1 -) 1.4 - 2.9 (- 4.7) cm, persistent, drying pale green to olive (or pale greenish brown) on abaxial surface, green to gray-green or dull, usually greenish or grayish brown on adaxial surface; petiole 3 - 6 (- 8) mm, glabrous; apex acute to rounded (obtuse, cuspidate), base convex to cuneate, margins entire, both surfaces glabrous, venation pinnate with major secondary veins brochidodromous, the first pair arising above the base conspicuous, otherwise weak and poorly differentiated from intersecondary veins. Inflorescences single, (1 -) 3 - 8 - flowered, 1.5 - 3 (- 3.5) cm long, not elongating in fruit, glabrous or minutely papillate; pedicels (5 -) 6 - 8.5 (- 10) mm, not elongating in fruit, glabrous (minutely papillate). Flowers 4 - 5 - merous; sepals lanceolate to narrowly deltoid or deltoid, 1.2 - 1.8 mm, glabrous, margins ciliolate; petals ovate to deltoid or oblong, often slightly longer and broader than sepals, 1.5 - 1.8 mm, glabrous, margins ciliolate; receptacle pubescent; stamens probably> 100, filaments c. 2.5 mm, anthers 0.6 - 0.8 mm with thecae only c. 0.2 mm, connective exceeding them 2 - 3 times; ovary glabrous; style 3.5 - 5 mm; stigma shallowly lobed. Fruit globose to subglobose, often with persistent style, 9 - 12 (- 15) mm diameter, red (orange) at maturity; perianth in fruit mostly caducous and remains not accrescent; seeds 1 - 4, tan with a pale annulus at base, broadly ellipsoid to ovoid with apex obtuse and base truncate, 3.5 - 5.2 mm.	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF245F50496BFCFB86F558F817.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Two collections of Scolopia delphinensis, sp. nov. were mentioned by Sleumer (1972 a) under S. orientalis, though they were kept separate from Toamasina specimens and noted to differ in having smaller leaves. The leaves of S. delphinensis, sp. nov. are usually smaller and proportionately narrower than those of S. orientalis as herein circumscribed, and have shorter petioles when they overlap in size; the inflorescences are also smaller. Another littoral species, S. erythrocarpa, has relatively small leaves and occurs sympatrically with S. delphinensis, sp. nov. at two localities; S. erythrocarpa has obovate to oblanceolate leaves with usually rounded apices, much shorter pedicels (to 3 mm in fruit), and fewer than 40 stamens.	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF245F50496BFCFB86F558F817.taxon	biology_ecology	ETHNOBOTANY The wood of Scolopia delphinensis, sp. nov. is used to make boards (Réserves Naturelles 46 - R- 87).	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF245F50496BFCFB86F558F817.taxon	vernacular_names	VERNACULAR NAMES Lampivahatra (Service Forestier 2850, 3360); Lapivahatra (Réserves Naturelles 46 - R- 87 [Antanosy dialect]); Menahihy (Ramison et al. 475); Zora (Rabenantoandro et al. 396, 1584; Ramison & Armand 320; Randriatafika & Ramisy 407).	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF245F50496BFCFB86F558F817.taxon	conservation	CONSERVATION STATUS The preliminary assessment of the conservation status of Scolopia delphinensis, sp. nov. is Endangered (EN B 1 ab (ii, iii, iv, v) + 2 ab (ii, iii, iv, v). With an Extent of Occurrence of 174 km 2, and an Area of Occupancy of c. 36 km 2, the species currently exists at four locations. While some of the habitat is protected, the remainder is subject to ongoing degradation and clearing for mining; recent collections show that the species is still easily found in those areas.	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF245C50476A67FF25F3AEFBF4.taxon	materials_examined	— Type: Madagascar. Prov. Toamasina, forêts côtières de l’Est, fl., Louvel 213 (lecto-, designated by Sleumer [Blumea 20: 54 (1972)], P [P 00077413]!; fragment, L, photo seen).	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF245C50476A67FF25F3AEFBF4.taxon	materials_examined	— Type: Madagascar. Prov. Toamasina, forêts côtières de l’E, fl., Louvel 204 (holo-, P [P 00077410]!; fragment, L, photo seen).	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF245C50476A67FF25F3AEFBF4.taxon	materials_examined	Type: Madagascar. Prov. Toamasina, environs de Maroantsetra, forêt littorale près de la mer, X. 1912, fl., Perrier de la Bâthie 2023 (holo-, P [P 00077411]!; iso-, P [P 00077412]!). ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Madagascar. Prov. Antsiranana, forêt Ambodipont, Vinanivao, Antalaha, Parc Masoala, 15 ° 44 ’ 45 ” S, 50 ° 19 ’ 25 ” E, 0 - 10 m, 3. X. 1996, fl., fr., Bernard 375 (MO, P, USMS). — Prov. Fianarantsoa. Fiv. Nosy Varika, fir. Ambahy, Ambahy, 20 ° 46 ’ 20 ” S, 48 ° 28 ’ 39 ” E, 13 m, 7. XII. 2002, fr., Koopman et al. 126 (MO, P). — Sous-préfecture Nosy Varika, commune rurale Ambahy, 2.5 km au NE du village d’Ambahy, 20 ° 44 ’ 22 ” S, 48 ° 29 ’ 15 ” E, 14 m, 12. XI. 2003, fl., Ludovic 459 (MO, P). — Préfecture Farafangana, commune rurale Mahabo-Mananivo, fokontany Nosiala, zone forestière d’Ampandramadinika, 23 ° 12 ’ 38 ” S, 47 ° 42 ’ 44 ” E, 18 m, 11. IV. 2004, fr., Ludovic 710 (MO). — Préfecture Farafangana, commune rurale Mahabo-Mananivo, 23 ° 11 ’ 06 ” S, 47 ° 41 ’ 31 ” E, 21 m, 8. XII. 2003, fr., Ludovic & Bona Kondro 501 (MO). — Préf. Brickaville, com. Amboniaonana, fok. Andravokoditra, forêt de Vohibola, piste Ambodinanto, partie S de Vohibola, 18 ° 34 ’ 54 ” - 18 ° 34 ’ 20 ” S, 49 ° 14 ’ 42 ” - 49 ° 14 ’ 54 ” E, 53 m, 7. I. 2003, fr., Ludovic & Rakotoarivony 214 (MO). — Fivondronana Farafangana, firaisampokontany Mahabo Mananivo, fokontany Nosy Ala, forêt d’Analazaha, 23 ° 10 ’ 13 ” S, 47 ° 43 ’ 27 ” E, 22 m, 26. VIII. 2003, Rabehevitra et al. 552 (MO, P). — Fivondronana Nosy Varika, firaisana Ambahy, fokontany Ambahy, forêt d’Andohan’I Martin, 20 ° 48 ’ 07 ”, 48 ° 28 ’ 56 ” E, 9 m, 15. II. 2004, fr., Rabehevitra et al. 891 (MO). — Environs 50 km de Farafangana, sur la route de Vangaindrano, 23 ° 10 ’ 15 ” S, 47 ° 42 ’ 29 ” E, 7. II. 2001, fr., Rabevohitra & Rabenantoandro 3829 (MO). — 13 km au N de Manakara, 22 ° 01 ’ 41 ” S, 48 ° 04 ’ 10 ” E, 8. II. 2011, fr., Rabevohitra & Rabenantoandro 3848 (MO). — Fivondronana Farafangana, commune rurale Mahabo-Mananivo, fokontany Mahabo, forêt de Mahabo, 23 ° 10 ’ 36 ” S, 47 ° 42 ’ 26 ” E, 16 m, 24. IX. 2002, fl., Rabevohitra et al. 4089 (MO). — Fivondronana Nosy Varika, firaisana et fokontany Ambahy, forêt à l’E du village d’Ambahy, 20 ° 46 ’ 47 ” S, 48 ° 29 ’ 05 ” E, 23. III. 2003, fr., Rabevohitra et al. 4709 (MO, P). — Fivondronana Mahanoro, commune rurale Ambodibonara, fokontany Ambalavontaka, forêt de Nakinà [Nankinana] à 5 km d’Ambalavontaka, 20 ° 21 ’ 34 ” S, 48 ° 36 ’ 21 ” E, 13. XI. 2003, fl., Rabevohitra et al. 4764 (MO). — Fivondronana Nosy Varika, commune rurale Ambahy, fokontany Ambahy, forêt d’Ambahy à 500 m à l’E du fokontany, 20 ° 46 ’ 57 ” S, 48 ° 28 ’ 54 ” E, 17. XI. 2003, fr., Rabevohitra et al. 4800 (MO, P). — Farafangana, Mahabo, 23 ° 10 ’ 39 ” S, 47 ° 42 ’ 24 ” E, 14 m, 11. XI. 2002, fr., Razakamalala & Ludovic 314 (MO). — Région Atsimo-Atsinana, district Farafangana, commune Ankarana, Antakohandra, Réserve Spéciale de Manombo, parcelle II, forêt d’Analazaha, 23 ° 02 ’ 21 ” S, 47 ° 46 ’ 11 ” E, 18 m, 23. IX. 2005, Razakamalala et al. 2242 (MO). — Pangalane [Ampangalana] Sud, 12. XII. 1953, fr., Service Forestier 9899 (P). — Ambalavotaka, Mananjary, 7. I. 1955, fr. Service Forestier 15456 (P). — Tsiazondrano, Nosy-Varika, 26. X. 1955, fr., Service Forestier 15488 (P). — Nosiala, canton Efatsy, dist. Farafangana, 19. XI. 1955, fr., Service Forestier 16204 (P). — Près de Farafangana, 15. X. 1964, fr., Service Forestier 23572 (P). Prov. Toamasina. N of Soanierana-Ivongo, near village of Antanambao-Ambodimanga, 16 ° 45 ’ 39 ” S, 49 ° 42 ’ 29 ” E, 10 m, 19. V. 2003, fr., McPherson et al. 18492 (MO). — Environs de Maroantsetra, X. 1912, fl., Perrier de la Bâthie 2023 (P × 2). — Fivondronana Soanierana Ivongo, firaisana Manompana, fokontany Antanambaon’Ambodimanga, forêt d’Andakibe, 16 ° 47 ’ 01 ” S, 49 ° 44 ’ 23 ” E, 3 m, 4. X. 2003, fl., Rabehevitra et al. 625 (MO, P). — Fivondronana Brickaville, firaisana Ambinaninony, fokontany Andrononkoditra, forêt de Vohibola du côté de l’hôtel Pangalane, 18 ° 35 ’ 32 ” S, 49 ° 14 ’ 02 ” E, 5 m, 11. II. 2003, fr., Rabenantoandro et al. 1247 (MO, P). — District Brickaville, Ambila-Lemaitso forestry station, W of intersection going to Andevoranto and Ambila-Lemaitso village, c. 200 m on trail going W, 18 ° 53 ’ 47 ” S, 49 ° 07 ’ 45 ” E, 0 - 5 m, 13. X. 1999, fl., Randrianasolo et al. 610 (G, MO, P, USMS). — Analanjirofo region, commune Manompana, fokontany Antanambao-Ambodimanga, Pointe à Larrée, Ampanasanarato, 16 ° 48 ’ 07 ” S, 49 ° 44 ’ 32 ” E, 6 - 16 m, 22 - 29. IX. 2010, fl., Razanatsoa et al. 517 (MO). — Ambila-Lemaitso, 14. X. 1952, fl., Service Forestier 5865 (P). — Jardin botanique no. 21, village le plus proche Tampolo, canton Ampasina, dist. Fénérive, 3 m, 20. XI. 1957, fr., Service Forestier 17806 (P). — Tampolo, au N de Fénérive, 28 - 29. VIII. 1957, fl., Service Forestier 18156 (P × 2). — Environs de la Baie d’Antongil, Antoraka, 14. IX. 1957, fl., Service Forestier 18267 (P × 2). — Aux environs du Varingotra à l’W de Maroantsetra, 5. XI. 1963, fl., Service Forestier 22877 (P × 2). — Ambila-Lemaitso, 14. XII. 1967, fr., Service Forestier 28021 (P). — Île Sainte-Marie, partie N de la forêt de Kalalao, à l’E de Maromandia-Tafondro, 16. V. 1969, Service Forestier 28824 bis (P). Prov. Toliara. district de Fort-Dauphin, forêt de Mandena, 24 ° 57 ’ S, 47 ° 00 ’ E, 0 - 10 m, 25. X. 1989, fl., Dumetz et al. 780 (MO, P). — N of Ft. Dauphin, S of Ste. Luce in Marokoky region, block S- 1 of QIT-FER, 24 ° 54 ’ S, 47 ° 06 ’ E, 15 m, 23. X. 1990, Faber-Langendoen et al. 2439 (MO, P). Anosy region, Fort-Dauphin, Mahatalaky, Sainte Luce, Analavinaky Avaratra, 24 ° 46 ’ 19 ” S, 47 ° 08 ’ 55 ” E, 17 m, 20. X. 2012, fl., Ramananjanahary et al. 829 (MO). — Région Anosy, district de Fort-Dauphin, commune Iaboakoho, FKT Ambankhazo, 24 ° 40 ’ 00 ” S, 47 ° 12 ’ 25 ” E, 16 m, 22. XI. 2011, fr., Randrianaivo et al. 1920 (G, MO). — Anosy region, Fort Dauphin, Mahatalaky, Tsiaroa Ampasy, Antongotranambo S 6, Antongotranambo, 24 ° 48 ’ 54 ” S, 47 ° 08 ’ 32 ” E, 30 m, 22. X. 2012, fl., Ratovoson 1992 (MO). — Sainte Luce, QMM Forestry Station, parcel 59, 1 - 2 km from QMM Forestry trailhead, 24 ° 46 ’ 05 ” S, 47 ° 10 ’ 16 ” E, 11 m, 23. I. 2006, Rogers et al. 956 (G, MO). Unknown locality. Forêts côtières de l’E, fl., Louvel 204 (P).	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF245C50476A67FF25F3AEFBF4.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. — Scolopia erythrocarpa is confined to littoral and sublittoral forests, on sand; it is widely distributed on Madagascar’s east coast where littoral forests survive (Fig. 5). Prior literature on this species (Perrier de la Bâthie 1940, 1946; Sleumer 1972 a) wrongly states that it occurs at up to 800 or 900 m and that the types of both S. erythrocarpa and S. louvelii came from Analamazaotra. This arises from confusion involving Perrier 5976, originally a syntype of S. erythrocarpa that was collected at Analamazaotra; this collection is identifiable as S. taimbarina. Scolopia erythrocarpa is always found close to sea level.	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF245C50476A67FF25F3AEFBF4.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Scolopia erythrocarpa is probably closely related to S. orientalis and S. delphinensis, sp. nov., likewise species of littoral forests. It is a tree growing to at least 15 m tall, with dbh to 80 cm; the bark is smooth and whitish, the flowers white to greenish, and the fruits red at maturity. It is distinguished by usually small, obovate to oblanceolate leaves with rounded apices and small dense inflorescences with very short pedicels even in fruit. The leaves do not dry greenish as consistently as those of the three other coastal species, and the stamens are 40 or fewer, rather than usually 100 or more as is typical of those species.	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF245C50476A67FF25F3AEFBF4.taxon	biology_ecology	ETHNOBOTANY The wood of Scolopia erythrocarpa is used for construction (Ludovic 710; Ludovic & Bona Kondro 501; Service Forestier 16204, 17806).	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF245C50476A67FF25F3AEFBF4.taxon	vernacular_names	VERNACULAR NAMES Aferonakavy (Service Forestier 17806 [Betsimisaraka dialect]); Aferonkavy à p [etites] f [euilles] (Service Forestier 18156); Fotsirony (Service Forestier 16204 [Taisaka dialect]); Fotsivony (Ludovic 710); Hazofotsy (Rabevohitra et al. 4089, 4800; Ratovoson 1992); Hazomainty (Randrianaivo et al. 1920); Hazomboatronaka (Service Forestier 15456); Menahy (Service Forestier 5865); Menavahatra (Rabevohitra et al. 4764); Voatronakala (Louvel 204; Louvel 213; Rabevohitra et al. 4709; Service Forestier 15488); Votronakala (Koopman et al. 126); Zora (Rabevohitra & Rabenantoandro 3829).	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF245C50476A67FF25F3AEFBF4.taxon	conservation	CONSERVATION STATUS Scolopia erythrocarpa is known from 20 locations and has an Extent of Occurrence of 46 498 km 2. However, it is restricted to littoral forest, a highly threatened ecosystem of which only fragments remain, with an estimated minimum Area of Occupancy of 120 km 2. The degree of fragmentation suggests that S. erythrocarpa be assigned a preliminary assessment of Vulnerable (VU B 2 ab (iii )). The species occurs in the Protected Areas of Mahabo, Mandena, Masoala, and Sainte Luce.	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF245350456A4BFBA6F099FCB4.taxon	materials_examined	— Type: Madagascar. Prov. Toamasina, Analamazaotra, X. 1925 [?], fl., Louvel 51 (holo-, P [P 00077416]!). ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Madagascar. Prov. Antananarivo, Réserve spéciale Ambohitantely, 18 ° 10 ’ 42 ” S, 47 ° 17 ’ 00 ” E, 1530 m, 23 - 24. XI. 1993, fr., Schatz et al. 3555 (MO, P). Prov. Antsiranana. Diego, Sava, Vohemar, Andrafainkona, forêt de Sorata, 13 ° 44 ’ 28 ” S, 49 ° 23 ’ 14 ” E, 1402 m, 28. X. 2007, fr., Razakamalala et al. 3507 (MO). — Massif de la Montagne d’Ambre, crête entre les bassins de la rivière des Makis et de la rivière d’Ankazobe, 600 - 800 m, 26 - 27. V. 1970, fl., Service Forestier 29188 (P × 2). Prov. Fianarantsoa. 7 km SW of Ranomafana, in proposed Ranomafana National Park, 21 ° 16 ’ S, 47 ° 25 ’ E, 1000 - 1100 m, 5. II. 1990, Kremen et al. 62 (MO). — 7 km W of Ranomafana, just S of Namorona River, Duke University Primate Center study site, 21 ° 16 ’ S, 47 ° 25 ’ E, 1000 m, 27. X. 1987, fr., Overdorff 34 (MO, P). — Fiv. and Fir. Ivohibe, Réserve Spéciale d’Ivohibe, 8 km E d’Ivohibe, piste entre campements II et III, sur la crête, 22 ° 29 ’ 00 ” S, 46 ° 58 ’ 06 ” E, 1210 m, 21. X. 1997, fl., Rakotomalaza et al. 1441 (MO, P). — Ampamaherana (vallée), Fianarantsoa, 15. VI. 1949, fr., Service Forestier 2043 (P). — Same loc., 29. II. 1949, fl., Service Forestier 2065 (P). — Ampamaherana (versant), Fianarantsoa, 8. VIII. 1949, fr., Service Forestier 2067 (P). — Same loc., same date, Service Forestier 2067 bis (MO). — Andrambovato, Tolongoina B- 15, 16. II. 1954, fl., Service Forestier 9551 (P). — Ambodinifaka, Fort-Carnot, 22. VII. 1953, Service Forestier 9678 (P). — Andraovato, district F-C, 28. IV. 1954, fr., Service Forestier 10097 (P). — Andrambovato, F-C, 27. IV. 1954, fr., Service Forestier 14453 (P). — Androrangavola, Ifanadiana, 24. VII. 1954, fr., Service Forestier 14549 (P). — Andrambovato, Tolongoina, F-C, 14. III. 1955, fr., Service Forestier 14677 (P). — Sahamaina, Ampasinambo, Nosy- Varika, 22. VII. 1954, fr., Service Forestier 14737 (P). — Maindoha, forêt Ampasinambo-ouest, au S village Ampasimadinika, canton Ampasinambo, district Nosy-Varika, 750 m, 23. VII. 1954, fr., Service Forestier 14740 (P × 2). — Andrambovato, Fort-Carnot, 3. VIII. 1955, fr., Service Forestier 15394 (P). Prov. Toamasina. Fiv. Ambatofinandrahana, fir. Itremo, sommet à l’E d’Antsirakambiaty, à l’W d’Ambatoandrano, 17 ° 33 ’ 33 ” S, 48 ° 53 ’ 38 ” E, 697 m, 15. VII. 2004, fr., Andriamihajarivo et al. 311 (MO). — Réserve Naturelle Intégrale de Betampona, piste Sahabefoza, 17 ° 55 ’ S, 49 ° 13 ’ E, 300 - 400 m, 1. XII. 1994, fr., Andrianarisata et al. 257 (MO, P). — Fiv. Maroantsetra, comm. Anjahana, fok. Andranofotsy, Farankaraina forest, 15 ° 26 ’ 30 ” S, 49 ° 51 ’ 00 ” E, 20. VI. 2003, fr., Antilahimena 1960 (MO). — Fiv. Maroantsetra, comm. Antsirabe Sahatany, fok. Anjiahely, 1 km N Anjiahely on way to Ambinanitelo, 15 ° 24 ’ 01 ” S, 49 ° 30 ’ 46 ” E, 392 m, 29. VI. 2004, fr., Antilahimena 2605 (MO, P); — Alaotra-Mangoro region, fivondronana Moramanga, commune Andasibe, fokontany Menalamba, Ambatovy forest, 18 ° 48 ’ 29 ” S, 48 ° 15 ’ 50 ” E, 1060 m, 16. XII. 2004, fr., Antilahimena et al. 3008 (MO, P). — Same loc., 18 ° 50 ’ 15 ” S, 48 ° 18 ’ 44 ” E, 1300 m, 20. XII. 2004, fr., Antilahimena et al. 3063 (MO, P). — Same loc., Berano village, 18 ° 50 ’ 36 ” S, 48 ° 19 ’ 55 ” E, 979 m, 16. I. 2005, fl., Antilahimena & Félix 3179 (MO, P). — Alaotra-Mangoro, Moramanga, Ambohibary, Ampitambe, Antaniditra, Ambatovy forest, 18 ° 49 ’ 14 ” S, 48 ° 17 ’ 27 ” E, 1025 m, 9. X. 2008, fr., Antilahimena et al. 6637 (MO). — Alaotra- Mangoro, Moramanga, Ambohibary, Ambatovy forest, clearing zone 6, 18 ° 51 ’ 59 ” S, 48 ° 18 ’ 19 ” E, 1048 m, 17. XII. 2008, fr., Antilahimena et al. 6968 (G, MO). — Alaotra-Mangoro, Moramanga, Andasibe, Menalamba, Morarano PK 18, 18 ° 50 ’ 25 ” S, 48 ° 22 ’ 12 ” E, 1022 m, 25. VII. 2009, fr., Antilahimena et al. 7149 (G, MO). — Ambatoharanana près d’Antsevabe, 1000 m, 5. III. 1951, fl., Cours 4049 (MO, P). — Near Andasibe, forest of Mantadia, beyond graphite mine, 18 ° 55 ’ S, 48 ° 25 ’ E, 900 m, 5. XI. 1994, fr., McPherson & van der Werff 16503 (MO). — Same loc., 6. XI. 1994, fr., McPherson & van der Werff 16518 (MO). — Same loc., 950 - 1150 m, 7. XI. 1994, fr., McPherson & van der Werff 16536 (MO). — Parc National de Zahamena, Antanandava, Ankosy, piste vers Bemoara, 17 ° 28 ’ 58 ” S, 48 ° 44 ’ 10 ” E, 997 m, 14. VII. 2000, fr., Rakotonandrasana et al. 418 (MO, P). — Parc national de Zahamena, Antanandava, Ankosy, piste vers Antenina, 17 ° 28 ’ 45 ” S, 48 ° 44 ’ 09 ” E, 900 m, 17. VII. 2000, fr., Rakotonandrasana et al. 427 (MO, P). — Parc National de Zahamena, Manakambahiny- Est, Andranomalaza, 3 km NE d’Antoby, 17 ° 38 ’ 25 ” S, 48 ° 38 ’ 34 ” E, 989 m, 28. III. 2000, post-fl., Randrianasolo et al. 163 (MO, P). — Forestry station of Analamazaotra, sides of road between Andasibe and intersection from RN 2, c. 500 m NW of forestry office, 18 ° 56 ’ S, 48 ° 26 ’ E, 900 m, 18. VII. 1996, Randrianasolo 445 (MO, P). — Ambodimangavalo, Mahasoa, Ambatoharanana, Mongo, 17 ° 33 ’ 57 ” S, 48 ° 53 ’ 45 ” E, 740 - 1200 m, 25. X. 2000, fr., Ratovoson et al. 318 (MO, P). — Ambatondrazaka, Antanandava, Ankosy, 2 km SW (PN Zahamena), 17 ° 29 ’ 07 ” S, 48 ° 44 ’ 02 ” E, 1107 m, 26. I. 2001, fr., Ratovoson et al. 377 (MO, P). — RN I [Betampona], canton Ambodiriana, district Tamatave, sommet, 16. XI. 1953, fr., Réserves Naturelles 5890 (P). — R. N. I, canton Ambodiriana, district Tamatave, 24. VI. 1954, fl., Réserves Naturelles 6269 (P). — Perinet, 17. VII. 1952, fr., Service Forestier 139 - B-R- 172 (P). — Réserve Naturelle no I (Betampona) (Dct de Tamatave), vers 400 m d’alt, 6. XI. 1953, fl., Service Forestier 8594 (P). — Km 7 Antaniditra, Perinet, Moramanga, 5. VI. 1954, fr., Service Forestier 10375 (P × 2). — Perinet, 11. VIII. 1954, fr., Service Forestier 12182 (P). — Antsampandrano, canton Perinet, dist. Moramanga, forêt primaire sur le flanc, 5. XI. 1962, Service Forestier 21292 (P). — Village proche Ambalaharongana, canton Ampasina, district Fénérive, sommet, 600 m, 21. VI. 1964, fl., Service Forestier 21782 (P). — Environs de Sandrangato, au S de Moramanga, 13. XII. 1964, fl., Service Forestier 24001 (P). — Perinet, village Analamazaotra, canton Perinet, district Moramanga, II. 1966, Service Forestier 25727 (P × 2). — Same loc., II. 1966, Service Forestier 25728 (P × 2). — Same loc., II. 1966, Service Forestier 25729 (P × 2). — Same loc., II. 1966, Service Forestier 25777 (P × 2). — Same loc., 25. V. 1966, Service Forestier 25934 (P × 2). — Au N de la Pisciculture, Perinet, canton Perinet, district Moramanga, III. 1966, Service Forestier 25769 (P × 2). — Belahindolo, village plus procheToby-Andasimanara, canton Moramanga, district Moramanga, 900 m, 6. II. 1968, fr., Service Forestier 26659 (P). — Vangaranana, canton Marovoay, district Moramanga, II. 1970, fr., Service Forestier 26952 (P). Prov. Toliara. Manantenina, Fort-Dauphin, 5. IV. 1954, fr., Service Forestier 9667 (P). Unknown province. S. l., 8. XII. 1908, fl., Envoi du Gouvernement de Madagascar 30 (P × 2). — Forêts montagneuses de l’est, s. d., fl., Louvel 112 (P). SPECIMENS AFF. S. HAZOMBY. — Madagascar. Prov. Antsiranana, DIANA, Nosy Be, Lokobe AP, 13 ° 24 ’ 53 ” S, 48 ° 19 ’ 00 ” E, 100 m, 30. XII. 1995, fr., Antilahimena & Devigny 268 (MO). — Antsahabe, Vohemar, 13. V. 1955, post-fl., Service Forestier 14057 (MO, P). Prov. Fianarantsoa. Fiv. Farafangana, Réserve spéciale de Manombo, parcelle # 1, 23 ° 01 ’ 42 ” S, 47 ° 43 ’ 27 ” E, 30 m, 21. VIII. 1995, fr., Rakotomalaza et al. 432 (MO, P). — Ambohinihaonana, Mananjary, 3. VI. 1954, fr., Service Forestier 14477 (P). — J. B. no 16 Manombo, village Manombo, canton Ihorombe, district Farafangana, station forêt côtière orientale, 28. VI. 1956, imm. fr., Service Forestier 16274 (P). Prov. Toliara. Anosy region, Tôlagnaro, Sarisambo, Amboavola, forêt d’Ambatotsirongorongo, 25 ° 05 ’ S, 46 ° 47 ’ E, s. d., fr., Ramison et al. 345 (MO). — Anosy, Tôlagnaro, Sarisambo, Ambohivola, forêt d’Ambatotsirongorongo, 25 ° 05 ’ 00 ” S, 46 ° 46 ’ 41 ” E, 151 m, 22. II. 2009, fl., fr., Razakamalala et al. 4291 (G, MO).	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF245350456A4BFBA6F099FCB4.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. — Scolopia hazomby is widely distributed in low to middle elevation humid forests of eastern Madagascar (Fig. 5); it is reported on brown soil and quartzite. A few atypical specimens, discussed below, occur in littoral or sublittoral forests.	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF245350456A4BFBA6F099FCB4.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Scolopia hazomby is a large tree (to 20 m, 60 cm dbh) with relatively smooth, whitish or grayish bark; its leaves are usually oblong-elliptical to elliptical and usually have acuminate (to cuspidate, or rarely obtuse to rounded) apices. The leaves, which are variously stated to be persistent or caducous, generally dry brownish with the surfaces differently colored; the adaxial surface is sometimes olive and the abaxial surface sometimes reddish. The leaves never dry strongly red, which is one means of distinguishing this species from the similar-looking Ludia scolopioides Capuron & Sleumer; another is that its fruits never exceed 1.5 cm in diameter, whereas those of L. scolopioides may be over 2 cm and conspicuously bumpy. The long-pedicelled flowers are greenish white and the fruits red; the inflorescences are often relatively large. Most specimens have been labelled as S. madagascariensis, which represents a misapplication of that name following Sleumer’s (1972 a) excessively broad and heterogeneous circumscription (see discussion below); true S. madagascariensis is broader-leaved, with leaves usually cuspidate and drying greenish, and is consistently littoral. Several specimens mentioned above as having affinities to Scolopia hazomby may represent variants of that species, hybrids, or a cryptic taxon; the available material does not suffice to clarify their status. They have leaves drying greenish, which is atypical of this species, and were collected in coastal or near-coastal forests, whereas S. hazomby is usually found at higher elevations farther inland. The leaves of these specimens are shaped like those of typical S. hazomby, usually with weak veins; flowers are only present on one specimen but are not obviously distinctive. This coastal form is easily mistaken for S. orientalis, a perhaps closely related species, except that the leaves are usually acuminate. One specimen (Service Forestier 14057), from the north, has a somewhat unusual leaf shape and very large styles; this may represent a distinct species or subspecies, but the specimen is in poor condition and would not serve as an adequate type. Further investigation of these populations would be highly desirable.	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF245350456A4BFBA6F099FCB4.taxon	biology_ecology	ETHNOBOTANY The wood of Scolopia hazomby is used for the manufacture of boards and railroad ties (Ratovoson et al. 318; Service Forestier 14740, 21782, 26659) and for heating and charcoal (Service Forestier 14740). Leaves are used to treat stomachache (Cours 4049). The fruit is eaten by lemurs (Overdorff 34).	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF245350456A4BFBA6F099FCB4.taxon	vernacular_names	VERNACULAR NAMES Ankamorika (Ratovoson et al. 318); Faritraty (Overdorff 34); Fasitraly (Kremen et al. 62); Hazomalany (Antilahimena et al. 3008); Hazomamiala (Service Forestier 21782); Hazomby (Louvel 51); Longotra mena (Envoi du Gouvernement de Madagascar 30); Menavahatra (Antilahimena et al. 3063; Service Forestier 2043, 9551, 10097, 10375, 14453, 14677, 15394, 21292, 25729, 25769, 25934, 26659 [general dia- lect], 26952); Menavahatra à F. M. (Service Forestier 139 - B- R- 172); Menavahitra (Service Forestier 25727, 25728, 25777) Nenavahatra (Service Forestier 2065); Pitsikahidambo (Service Forestier 14740); Pitsikahitra (Service Forestier 14740); Pitsikahitra à g [randes] f [euilles] (Service Forestier 14737, 14740); Ravinavetro (Antilahimena 1960); Ravinaviotra (Service Forestier 2067, 2067 bis, 12182); Ravinavoatra (Service Forestier 9678); Sandramimena (Service Forestier 14549); Sary (Réserves Naturelles 5890, 6269); Tamenaka (Service Forestier 9667); Tavolosary (Réserves Naturelles 6269); Zora (Ramison 345).	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF245350456A4BFBA6F099FCB4.taxon	conservation	CONSERVATION STATUS The preliminary assessment of the conservation status of Scolopia hazomby is Least Concern (LC). The species is widespread, with an Extent of Occurrence of 165 186 km 2, and recent collections have been made in several areas. It is known from the Protected Areas of Ambohitantely, Andasibe-Mantadia, Betampona, Ivohibe, Montagne d’Ambre, Périnet-Analamazaotra, Ranomafana, and Zahamena; specimens of doubtful identity are also known from Manombo.	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF245150456B93FC67F3ECF810.taxon	materials_examined	— Type: Madagascar. Prov. Mahajanga, bois sablonneux aux environs de Majunga, XI. 1903, fl., Perrier de la Bâthie 1612 bis (holo-, P [P 00077430]!; fragment, L, photo seen). ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Madagascar. Prov. Mahajanga, Antsely, district de Mitsinjo, 29. XI. 1951, fr., Service Forestier 5403 (P). — Restes de forêts dans les vallons du plateau de Berivotra, au SE de Majunga, vers 150 m d’alt., 23. IX. 1957, fr., Service Forestier 18456 (P). — Ambongo, lisière S de la forêt de Tsiombikibo (Mitsinjo), 18. XI. 1965, fl., Service Forestier 24203 (P). — Vallon, sur le plateau de Berovotra, au S de Majunga, 24. XI. 1965, post-fl., Service Forestier 24285 (P).	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF245150456B93FC67F3ECF810.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. — Scolopia inappendiculata occurs in dry forest in northwestern Madagascar (Fig. 6), on sand.	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF245150456B93FC67F3ECF810.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Scolopia inappendiculata is a small tree or large shrub with platanoid bark. It is the only species found around Mahajanga, and is distinguished from species of the xerophytic group known from the extreme north by its larger, often shortacuminate leaves and few or absent spines.	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF245150456B93FC67F3ECF810.taxon	conservation	CONSERVATION STATUS The preliminary assessment of the conservation status of Scolopia inappendiculata is Endangered (EN B 1 ab (iii) + B 2 ab (iii )). It is known from at most four locations in the region of Mahajanga, with an Extent of Occurrence of 1161 km 2 and a minimum Area of Occupancy of 16 km 2; the maximum potential Area of Occupancy is certainly less than 500 km 2 given that much of the area within the EOO polygon consists of the delta of the Betsiboka River. The species has not been recollected for almost fifty years, despite the accessible terrain, and the limited remaining natural vegetation in the area is subject to continuing habitat degradation.	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF2451504468C8FAA1F585FD14.taxon	materials_examined	— Type: Madagascar, s. l., fr., Gerrard 34 (holo-, K [K 000231288], photo seen; fragment, L, photo seen). ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Madagascar. Prov. Antsiranana, Sahaenjika, Ambodiazovola, Ampanavoana, Vinanivao, Antalaha, Parc Masoala, 15 ° 41 ’ 33 ” S, 50 ° 13 ’ 30 ” E, 12 - 100 m, 15. IX. 1996, fr., Bernard 301 (MO, P). — Fiv. Vohémar, fir. Tsarabaria, fok. Manakana, Abondrombe, 13 ° 42 ’ 58 ” S, 50 ° 05 ’ 37 ” E, 3 m, 24. X. 2002, fr., Rabenantoandro et al. 1013 (MO, P). — Parc National de Masoala, Fampotakely, piste vers Vinanivao, 15 ° 35 ’ S, 50 ° 25 ’ E, 0 m, 21. IX. 1994, fr., Rahajasoa et al. 504 (MO, P). — Parc National de Masoala, Andrombazaha, 15 ° 16 ’ S, 50 ° 29 ’ E, 4. X. 1994, fr., Rahajasoa et al. 755 (MO, P). — [Maramangy (Masomamangy?), Ambohi (tra) lalana?], district Antalaha, 4. IV. 57, fl., Réserves Naturelles 9117 (P). — Antalaha-CR Vinanivao, Péninsule Masoala, 15 ° 56 ’ S, 50 ° 13 ’ E, 10 m, 10. IX. 2003, Wohlhauser et al. 491 (MO). Prov. Toamasina. fiv. Maroantsetra, comm. Anjahana, fok. Ambanizana, 2 km E Ambanizana, 15 ° 37 ’ 15 ” S, 49 ° 50 ’ 55 ” E, 190 m, 18. VI. 2002, fl., Antilahimena et al. 1124 (G, MO, P). Fiv. Maroantsetra, comm. Anjahana, fok. Masindrana, 15 ° 30 ’ 00 ” S, 49 ° 53 ’ 30 ” E, 10 m, 26. VII. 2002, fr., Antilahimena et al. 1258 (G, MO, P). — Préfecture Maroantsetra, “ Gemeinde ” [commune] Ambanizana; pente au-dessus du Tampolo, près de la limite du Parc National Masoala, 15 ° 42.524 ’ S, 49 ° 57.770 ’ E, 21. I. 2005, fr., Aridy & Mora 490 (MO, P). — Same loc., 15 ° 44.785 ’ S, 49 ° 58.671 ’ E, 22. I. 2005, fr., Aridy & Mora 504 (P). — Préfecture Soanierana Ivongo, commune rurale Manompana, forêt de Tanambao Ambodimanga, station forestière Andronon’i Poeta, 16 ° 45 ’ 10 ” S, 49 ° 43 ’ 24 ” E, 11 m, 10. VI. 2004, post-fl., Ludovic et al. 826 (MO) — Forêt d’Analalava, 8 km W of Foulpointe, 17 ° 42 ’ 33 ” S, 49 ° 26 ’ 49 ” E, 60 m, 26. X. 1996, fr., Miller et al. 8827 (MO × 2). — Prov. Andasibe, près d’Antanambe PK 8, 4. XII. 1989, fr., Morat et al. 8634 (P × 3). — Antalavia, Ambanizana, Maroantsetra, presqu’île de Masoala, 15 ° 47 ’ S, 50 ° 01 ’ E, 23. XI. 1994, fr., Rabe 166 (MO, P). — Analanjirofo, rive gauche de Tampolo, 17 ° 17 ’ S, 49 ° 23 ’ E, 12. X. 2001, fr., Rabevohitra et al. 3900 (MO, P). — Manambia, Parc National de Masoala, 15 ° 45 ’ 41 ” S, 49 ° 59 ’ 40 ” E, 0 m, 21. XI. 1994, fr., Rajahasoa et al. 959 (MO, P). — Comm. Foulpointe, forêt d’Analalava à 7 km à l’W [de la] commune, 17 ° 42 ’ S, 49 ° 26 ’ E, 35 m, 19. V. 2004, fr., Randrianarivelo et al. 4 (MO). — Fénérive-Est, Tampolo Station Forestière, 17 ° 17 ’ S, 49 ° 23 ’ 30 ” E, 10 m, 29. VI. 1995, fr., Razafimandimbison 155 (G, K, MO, P, USMS). — Fivondronana Tamatave II, firaisana Ampasimbe, station forestière de Mahatsara, 17 ° 38 ’ 13 ” S, 49 ° 29 ’ 03 ” E, 2 m, 7. VII. 2011, post-fl., Razakamalala et al. 160 (MO). — Maroantsetra, Parc National de Masoala, piste deTampolo à l’ICOS II (Ambodiforaha), bord de mer, mission Radeau des cimes, 22. XI. 2001, fr., Sauquet et al. 60 (P). — 5 - 12 km SW of Maroantsetra along Route Nationale 5, 15 ° 30 ’ S, 49 ° 39 ’ E, 10 m, 28. XI. 1987, fr., Schatz et al. 1801 (MO, P). — Antetezana, Tamatave, 27. VI. 1952, fr., Service Forestier 5542 (P). — J [ardin] B [otanique] 17 Maroantsetra, 4. X. 1952, fr., Service Forestier 6155 (P × 2). — Same loc., 25. III. 1953, fr., Service Forestier 7241 (P). — Environs de Rantabe (Maroantsetra), IV. 1954, fr., Service Forestier 9170 (P). — Farankaraina, Maroantsetra, 20. XI. 1954, Service Forestier 12083 (P). — Antetezana, Tamatave, 1. V. 1955, fr., Service Forestier 14498 (P). — Forêt d’Analalava, à l’W de Foulpointe, 22. V. 1969, fl., Service Forestier 28882 (P).	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF2451504468C8FAA1F585FD14.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. — Scolopia madagascariensis occurs in littoral forest along the northern part of the eastern coast of Madagascar, with most collections coming from Masoala (Fig. 6); it has been reported on sand and laterite. A single collection from the province of Fianarantsoa (Service Forestier 14753, Ambodilafakely, Ampasinambo, Nosy-Varika, 22. X. 1954, fr.; P × 2) resembles S. madagascariensis, but as it is both outside the otherwise-known geographic range and probably from a locality well inland, its identity is questionable; it might be a highly aberrant specimen of S. hazomby.	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF2451504468C8FAA1F585FD14.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Scolopia madagascariensis belongs to the group of littoral species with usually greenish-drying leaves. It is distinguished by its large, broadly elliptical to elliptical leaves, which are usually less than twice as long as broad and usually have a cuspidate apex and broadly convex to rounded base. It is most similar to S. orientalis, a widespread species that has proportionately narrower, sometimes somewhat oblong leaves with attenuate to cuneate or convex bases; leaf apices in S. orientalis are highly variable but only seldom cuspidate. Scolopia madagascariensis also bears a superficial resemblance to the typically broad-leaved S. manongarivae, a species of humid forests, often found at high elevation; that species has pubescent sepals that are noticeably accrescent in fruit. At the time of Sleumer’s (1972 a) revision few specimens of S. madagascariensis as herein circumscribed were available, and most of the specimens that he placed within S. madagascariensis are herein transferred to S. hazomby. Scolopia hazomby has narrower, often somewhat oblong, usually acuminate leaves, which usually dry brown; it generally occurs in low- to mid-elevation humid forests.	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF2451504468C8FAA1F585FD14.taxon	vernacular_names	VERNACULAR NAMES Angavoady (Service Forestier 14753); Hompalahy (Service Forestier 5542); Lombiro zahana (Bernard 301); Masoavela (Service Forestier 6155, 7241); Ravinavetro (Antilahimena et al. 1258); Sofindambo (Service Forestier 14498); Voasorindrina (Rabevohitra et al. 3900); Zelotsihy (Réserves Naturelles 9117)	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF2451504468C8FAA1F585FD14.taxon	conservation	CONSERVATION STATUS Scolopia madagascariensis is known from seventeen locations and has an Extent of Occurrence of 22 166 km 2. However, it is restricted to littoral forest, a highly threatened ecosystem of which only fragments remain, and has a small minimum Area of Occupancy of 88 km 2. The degree of fragmentation suggests that S. madagascariensis be assigned a preliminary assessment of Vulnerable (VU B 2 ab (iii )). The species is fairly common in the Protected Area of Masoala.	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF2450504368C0FCC4F27BF936.taxon	materials_examined	— Type: Madagascar. Prov. Antsiranana, Massif de Manongarivo, bords des torrents, gneiss vers 1900 m alt., s. d., fl., Perrier de la Bâthie 4608 (holo-, P [P 00077431]!). ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Madagascar. Prov. Antsiranana, Tsaratanana Massif along path to summit, 14 ° 06 ’ 54 - 14 ° 06 ’ 56 ” S, 48 ° 58 ’ 54 ” - 48 ° 59 ’ 08 ” E, 2400 - 2500 m, 27. IV. 2001, post-fl., Birkinshaw 885 (MO, P). — Sommet du Marojejy, 1000 m, 31. III. 1949, fr., Cours 3564 (P). — Antsatrotro (14 ° 05 ’ S, 48 ° 23 ’ E), entre le campement ‘ Chris’ et le sommet, Coord. précises (Laborde): 609680 / 1331880, alt 1580 m, 24. V. 1995, fl., Gautier & Chatelain 2782 (MO, P). — Massif de l’Anjanaharibe (pentes et sommet N) à l’W d’Andapa (haute Andramonta, bassin de la Lokoho: NE), sylve à lichens, 1600 - 1800 m, 10. XII. 1950 - 3. I. 1951, fr., Humbert et al. 24785 (P). — Marojejy RNI no. 12, path from Mandena to summit of Marojejy, forest surrounding River Andranomifototra, 14 ° 26 ’ S, 49 ° 45 ’ E, 800 - 1000 m, 1. X. 1994, fr., Lewis et al. 1233 (MO × 2, P). — WNW of Andapa, NW of village of Ambodisatrana, 14 ° 32 ’ S, 49 ° 26 ’ E, 1100 - 1200 m, 3. VII. 1997, fr., McPherson 17207 (MO × 2). — Réserve Naturelle de Marojejy, W slopes of Mt. Beondroka, 14 ° 27 ’ S, 49 ° 47 ’ E, 750 - 900 m, 27. X. 1989, fr., Miller & Randrianasolo 4478 (MO, P). — DIANA, Ambilobe, Beramanja, Anketrabe, village le plus proche Antanambao Belinta, versant W du campement II, 13 ° 39 ’ 03 ” S, 48 ° 40 ’ 20 ” E, 934 m, 1. XII. 2007, fr., Rakotovao et al. 3873 (MO). — SAVA, Vohemar, Andrafainkona, forêt de Sorata, 13 ° 41 ’ 46 ” S, 49 ° 26 ’ 32 ” E, 1372 m, 4. XI. 2007, fr., Randriambololomamonjy et al. 232 (MO). — SAVA, Vohemar, Andrafainkona, Ampisarahina, forêt de Maromaniry, 5 km N d’Ampisarahina, 13 ° 38 ’ 33 ” S, 49 ° 32 ’ 19 ” E, 1206 m, 7. XI. 2007, fr., Randriambololomamonjy et al. 282 (MO). — Anjanaharibe-Sud Special Reserve, S of camp at Mandritsarahely, Andapa, 14 ° 46 ’ S, 49 ° 30 ’ E, 3. VII. 1998, fr., Razafimandimbison & Ravelonarivo 377 (G, K, MO, USMS). — SAVA, Antalaha, Andapa, Bealampona, Befingotra, RS 4 Anjanaharibe-Sud, 14 ° 45 ’ 04 ” S, 49 ° 27 ’ 56 ” E, 1062 m, 12. X. 1998, fr., Razafindramora 54 (MO). — Tsaratanana RNI, fokontany Beangona, 8 km E de Beangona, Antsahamanara, 14 ° 02 ’ 50 ” S, 48 ° 47 ’ 09 ” E, 1408 m, 29. XI. 2000, fr., Razakamalala et al. 33 (MO). — Ambavala, cant. Marovato, dist. Ambanja, fr., Réserves Naturelles 2247 (MO, P). — Massif du Tsaratanana: Crête (et ses abords) séparant les bassins du Sambirano et de la Mahavavy, entre l’Andohanisambirano et la cote 2362, 9 - 10. XI. 1966, fr., Service Forestier 27017 (P). Prov. Mahajanga. SW d’Antahivo, 14 ° 14 ’ 50 ” S, 49 ° 01 ’ 30 ” E, 1920 m, 3. XII. 2005, fr., Randrianarivony et al. 122 (MO, P). — Sous-Préfecture de Befandriana-Nord, commune rurale de Matsoandakana, quartier de Belalona, SW d’Andapa, Réserve Spéciale Anjanaharibe-Sud, village d’Anjiamazava, suivant la route Nationale d’Andapa – Bealanana, piste vers le N approchant le sommet de Bevitsika, 14 ° 42 ’ S, 49 ° 27 ’ E, 1100 m, 14. XII. 1994, fr., Ravelonarivo & Rabesonina 554 (G, MO, P). — Fivondronana Bealanana, commune Mangindrano, forêt de Mahatsabory aux environs du lac Majatsabory, 14 ° 09 ’ 07 ” S, 48 ° 57 ’ 25 ” E, 2086 m, 24. II. 2003, fl., Razafitsalama et al. 289 (MO, P). — Fiv. Bealanana, commune Mangindrano, 14 km au N du village Mangindrano, aux environs de Matsabory no. 02, 14 ° 09 ’ 03 ” S, 48 ° 57 ’ 20 ” E, 2043 m, 17. IV. 2003, fr., Razafitsalama et al. 364 (MO, P).	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF2450504368C0FCC4F27BF936.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. — Scolopia manongarivae is restricted to the northern province of Antsiranana and a small adjacent portion of Mahajanga (Fig. 6); it is found at moderate to high elevations, sometimes along streambanks. Habitat types include sclerophyllous forest, moss forest, and at lower elevations cloud and valley forest; it is reported to occur on laterite.	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF2450504368C0FCC4F27BF936.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Scolopia manongarivae is a tree to 15 m tall. The leaves are persistent and coriaceous, with many weak wavy secondary veins; they dry green, often to olive beneath, or less often brown. Most specimens from lower elevations have large, broad leaves (usually 5.5 - 9.5 cm long, but relatively short-petioled) with often conspicuous venation. A few specimens from the highest elevations, around Tsaratanana, have much smaller and more strongly coriaceous leaves; these may represent a genetically distinct local variety or a phenotypic response to extreme altitude. The flowers are white to pale yellow, with yellow to red glands. The adaxial surface of the sepals and petals is pubescent and the perianth is accrescent in fruit, with sepals elongating to 2.5 - 3 mm. Fruits are usually described as green, rarely as reddish, but fully ripe fruits may never have been collected.	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF2450504368C0FCC4F27BF936.taxon	vernacular_names	VERNACULAR NAMES Telotritry (Gautier & Chatelain 2782; Miller & Randrianasolo 4478).	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF2450504368C0FCC4F27BF936.taxon	conservation	CONSERVATION STATUS Scolopia manongarivae is known to exist at 13 locations; though its minimum Area of Occupancy is only 64 km 2, it has an Extent of Occurrence of 12005 km 2 and a potential maximum Area of Occupancy of c. 4500 km 2 based on the remaining area of possibly suitable forest within the EOO. The preliminary assessment of its conservation status is therefore Near Threatened (NT). While it occurs in the Protected Areas of Anjanaharibe-Sud, Manongarivo, Marojejy, and Tsaratanana, there is likely to be decline outside of those protected areas.	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF245750436BBBF8E0F4DCFA56.taxon	materials_examined	— Type: Madagascar. Prov. Toliara, colline (gneiss) près d’Italy, baie de Ranofotsy, au SW de Fort-Dauphin, 10. I. 1963, fl., Service Forestier 22372 (holo-, P [P 00077424]!; iso-, P × 2 [P 00077425, P 00077426]!, L [L 0011426], TEF [TEF 000250], photos seen). ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Madagascar. Prov. Toliara, Baie des Galions (Ranofotsy) au SW de Fort-Dauphin, bush xérophile, 1 - 100 m, 18 - 21. II. 1955, fr., Humbert & Capuron 28979 (P × 2). — Mont Vohitsandriana au S de Ranopiso, SW de Fort-Dauphin, forêt de transition sur granite, 200 - 500 m, 27. II. 1955, fr., Humbert & Capuron 29134 (P). — Bassin de la Mananadabo dans le Massif de l’Analavelona, au N du Fiherenana, vers 1000 - 1300 m d’alt., 13 - 15. XII. 1962, fr., Service Forestier 22196 (P). — Colline (gneiss) près d’Italy, baie de Ranofotsy, au SW de Fort-Dauphin, 10. I. 1963, fl., fr., Service Forestier 22366 (P × 3). — Pentes inférieures orientales du massif granitique du Vohitsandriana, au S de Ranopiso, 8. XII. 1968, fr., Service Forestier 28587 (P × 2).	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF245750436BBBF8E0F4DCFA56.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. — Scolopia meridionalis occurs in transitional forest and dry bush in southern Madagascar (Fig. 2). Most collections are from two localities in the extreme southeast; a single collection from the southwest, at the massif of Analavelona, is atypical (see discussion below).	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF245750436BBBF8E0F4DCFA56.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Scolopia meridionalis is usually a small tree to 6 m or a large shrub, often with spiny branches, that belongs to the group of xerophytic species with one-flowered inflorescences. It is distinguished from others in that group by its obovate to rhomboid, usually 2 - 5 cm long leaves and pubescent ovaries. The only collection from the disjunct population at Analavelona was a tree 15 - 20 m tall with platanoid bark. Although formal taxonomic recognition of this population was not possible given the very limited available material, it may be suspected that it represents at least a distinct subspecies. Further investigation would be desirable.	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF245750436BBBF8E0F4DCFA56.taxon	conservation	CONSERVATION STATUS The preliminary assessment of the conservation status of Scolopia meridionalis is Endangered (EN B 1 ab (iii) + 2 ab (iii )), with an Extent of Occurrence of 1675 km 2, and a minimum Area of Occupancy of 12 km 2. It is known only from older collections at three locations, two very close together in an area of the extreme southeast subject to continuing habitat degradation and one, whose population may well be genetically and taxonomically distinct, far to the west at Analavelona.	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF2457504268A4FA01F037FB74.taxon	materials_examined	— Type: Madagascar. Prov. Toamasina [?], forêt orientale des cimes, massif du Beanjada (N de la presqu’île Masoala), vers 1000 m d’alt., XII. 1953, fl., Service Forestier 8824 (holo-, P [P 00077432]!; iso-, K [K 000231289], L × 2 [L 0011247, L 0011248], TEF [TEF 000249], photos seen). ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Madagascar. Prov. Antsiranana, fiv. Sambava, commune Anjangoveratra, fkt. Ambodisambalahy, forêt d’Andohan’Ifosy, 14 ° 04 ’ 59 ” S, 50 ° 01 ’ 38 ” E, 190 m, 26. XI. 2000, fr., Randrianaivo et al. 608 (MO, P). — Préfecture d’Antalaha, souspréfecture d’Andapa, commune rurale de Bealampona, quartier de Befingotra, SW d’Andapa, Réserve Spéciale Anjanaharibe-Sud, village de Mandritsarahely, suivant la rivière de Andranomenabe de la route nationale approchant la chaîne d’Anjanaharibe-Sud [sic], 14 ° 43 ’ 10 ” S, 49 ° 27 ’ 12 ” E, 1700 m, 14. II. 1995, fr., Ravelonarivo & Rabesonina 667 (G, MO, P). Prov. Toamasina. Réserve Naturelle Intégrale de Betampona, entre les points kilométriques 1 et 2, 17 ° 55 ’ S, 49 ° 13 ’ E, 300 - 400 m, 5. X. 1994, fr., Andrianarisata et al. 214 (MO, P). — Parc National de Zahamena, Antanandava, piste entre Ankosy et Antenina, 17 ° 29 ’ 03 ” S, 48 ° 44 ’ 48 ” E, 900 m, 13. VII. 2000, fr., Rakotondrajaona et al. 124 (G, K, MO, P).	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF2457504268A4FA01F037FB74.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. — Scolopia montana is mostly known from low- to mid-elevation humid forests (Fig. 2); the highestelevation collection (1700 m) was said to be on laterite.	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF2457504268A4FA01F037FB74.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Scolopia montana has small, oblanceolate to narrowly oblong leaves, with rounded to obtuse (or rarely cuspidate) apices and cuneate to convex bases, that dry greenish-brown to olive adaxially and brownish abaxially. The pedicels are short in flower; they remain under 2.5 mm in most fruiting specimens but reach 7 - 8 mm in one. The perianth is probably somewhat accrescent in fruit, but available material does not suffice to confirm this.	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF2457504268A4FA01F037FB74.taxon	conservation	CONSERVATION STATUS The preliminary assessment of the conservation status of Scolopia montana is Near Threatened (NT). Collections are known from only five locations, but these include the Protected Areas of Anjanaharibe-Sud, Betampona, Masoala, and Zahamena, which reduces the risk that it will be endangered in the near future. Its Extent of Occurrence is 24 078 km 2, and although its minimum Area of Occupancy is 20 km 2, the estimated potential maximum Area of Occupancy based on likely suitable habitat within the Extent of Occurrence exceeds 2000 km 2.	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF245650416A75FB26F3F0FE2B.taxon	materials_examined	— Type: Madagascar. Prov. Toamasina, forêt Ambila-Lemaitso, 8. III. 1954, fl., Service Forestier 9527 (holo-, P [P 00077438]!; iso-, L [L 0011253], TEF [TEF 000252], photos seen). ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Madagascar. Prov. Antsiranana, forêt Ambodipont, Ampanavoana, Antalaha, Parc Masoala, 15 ° 44 ’ 45 ” S, 50 ° 19 ’ 25 ” E, 0 - 10 m, 15 - 20. III. 1996, fl., Bernard 260 (G, MO). — Fampotatrely, Ampanavoana, Vinanivao, Antalaha, Parc Masoala, 15 ° 35 ’ S, 50 ° 25 ’ E, 0 - 50 m, 7. V. 1996, post-fl., Bernard 286 (MO, P, USMS). Prov. Fianarantsoa. Préf. Farafangana, comm. rurale Mahabo-Mananivo, fok. Baboaka, forêt Marovahatry, au bord du marécage Andranokena, 23 ° 10 ’ 41 ” S, 47 ° 43 ’ 49 ” E, 23 m, 21. IV. 2004, fl., Ludovic 746 (MO). Prov. Toamasina. Atsinanana, Ambila-Lemaitso, vers la Station Forestière, à l’W du canal des Pangalanes, 18 ° 49 ’ 28 ” S, 49 ° 09 ’ 19 ” E, 10 m, 25. IX. 2000, fr., Andrianjafy 109 (P). — Commune Brickaville, fokontany Andranokoditra, forêt de Volibola [Vohibola], grande piste tracteur [sic] vers Hotely Akaninofy, 18 ° 34 ’ 24 ” S, 49 ° 14 ’ 20 ” E, 7. I. 2003, fr., Ludovic & Rakotoarivony 238 (MO). — Fivondronana Sainte Marie, firaisana Lokintsy, fokontany Ambohidena, forêt d’Ambohidena, 16 ° 51 ’ 11 ” S, 49 ° 57 ’ 10 ” E, 1. VI. 2004, post-fl., Rabehevitra & Poity 1100 (MO, P). — Same loc., same date, post-fl., Rabehevitra & Poity 1154 (MO, P). — Fivondronana Brickaville, firaisana Andranonkoditra, fokontany Ankanin’ny nofy, forêt de Vohibola, 18 ° 33 ’ 56 ” S, 49 ° 15 ’ 24 ” E, 8 m, 4. VIII. 2003, fl., Rabehevitra et al. 370 (MO). — Fivondronana Soanierana-Ivongo, commune rurale Manompana, forêt d’Antanambao-Ambodiman- ga, 16 ° 46 ’ 24 ” S, 49 ° 42 ’ 51 ” E, 30. I. 2003, fr., Rabevohitra et al. 4323 (MO, P). — Fivondronana Sainte Marie, firaisana Lokintsy, fokontany Ambohidena, forêt d’Ambohidena, 16 ° 51 ’ 11 ” S, 49 ° 57 ’ 18 ” E, 18. II. 2004, fl., Rabevohitra et al. 5051 (MO). — District Fénérive-Est, station forestière de Tampolo, 10 km N de Fénérive-Est, 17 ° 16 ’ 52 ” S, 49 ° 24 ’ 44 ” E, 0 - 150 m, 24. I. 1995, fr., Raholivelo et al. 222 (MO). — Fiv. Brickaville, commune Brickaville, village Ambila-Lemaitso, à 2 km au SW de l’hôtel Les Alizés, 18 ° 53 ’ 52 ” S, 49 ° 07 ’ 48 ” E, 10 m, 22. IX. 2000, fr., Randrianaivo et al. 536 (MO, P). — Vohibola, district de Brickaville, commune Ambinaninony, fokontany d’Andranokoditra, E of trial to Andranokoditra, 18 ° 33 ’ 39 ” S, 49 ° 14 ’ 33 ” E, 27 m, 28. X. 2002, Randrianasolo et al. 760 (G, MO, P). — Nosy Mangabe, 15 ° 30 ’ S, 49 ° 46 ’ E, 0 - 330 m, 13 - 23. IV. 1988, fl., Schatz & Gentry 2301 (MO, P). — 6 - 10 km S of Ambila-Lemaitso, 18 ° 51 ’ S, 49 ° 08 ’ E, 0 - 20 m, 6. III. 1988, fl., Schatz et al. 1944 (MO, P). — Forêt de Tampolo au N de Fenerive, IV. 1954, fr., Service Forestier 9194 (P). — Ambila-Lemaitso 36 - J 0 B 2, 25. IV. 1954, fl., fr., Service Forestier 9748 (P). — Analamantsina, Tamatave, 12. VI. 1954, fr., Service Forestier 10549 (P). — Tampolo, Fenerive-Est, 4. III. 1955, fr., Service Forestier 13101 (P). — J [ardin] B [otanique] no 21, Tampolo, canton Ampasina, district Fénérive, 1. II. 1957, fr., Service Forestier 16498 (P). — Same loc., 25. II. 1957, fr., Service Forestier 16617 (P). — J [ardin] B [otanique] 2 - Sect. C- 4 Staforet-ABL, village le plus proche Ambila-Lemaitso, canton Andevoranto, dist. Brickaville, 3. XII. 1954, fr., Service Forestier 16854 (P). — Ambila-Lemaitso, 8 - 10. VIII. 1957, fr., Service Forestier 18069 (P). — Point Tompolo, Masoala Peninsula, 15 ° 39 ’ 30 ” S, 49 ° 57 ’ 30 ” E, 0 m, VII. 1993, fr., Zjhra & Hutcheon 421 (MO, P).	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF245650416A75FB26F3F0FE2B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. — Scolopia orientalis is endemic to eastern littoral or sublittoral forests (Fig. 4), on sand.	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF245650416A75FB26F3F0FE2B.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Scolopia orientalis is a tree to 15 m, or occasionally a climbing shrub, with smooth blackish to brownish bark and persistent, elliptical to obovate-oblong leaves. It is the most widespread of the four littoral species, and as is common in that group, has leaves that dry greenish to grayish-green or olive. The flowers are fragrant and visited by bees (label data from Schatz et al. 1944); the calyx is white to pale pink, the petals white to yellowish white, the stamens white, and the gynoecium reddish purple. The fruits are reddish and relatively often have a persistent style. It may most easily be confused with the littoral species S. delphinensis, sp. nov. and S. madagascariensis, both of which have numerous stamens and usually greenish-drying leaves; the former has smaller and narrower leaves and is endemic to the extreme southeast (where S. orientalis does not occur), and the latter has broader leaves whose apices are usually cuspidate rather than rounded.	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF245650416A75FB26F3F0FE2B.taxon	biology_ecology	ETHNOBOTANY The wood of Scolopia orientalis is used for construction (Service Forestier 16498, 16617).	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF245650416A75FB26F3F0FE2B.taxon	vernacular_names	VERNACULAR NAMES Aferonakavy (Service Forestier 16498 [Betsimisaraka dialect]); Masompinengo (Rabevohitra et al. 4323); Menahily (Raholivelo et al. 222); Menahy (Service Forestier 9527, 9748, 16854); Menahy à p [etites] f [euilles] (Service Forestier 10549); Tokokintsy (Service Forestier 16617 [Betsimisaraka dialect]).	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF245650416A75FB26F3F0FE2B.taxon	conservation	CONSERVATION STATUS The preliminary assessment of the conservation status of Scolopia orientalis is Vulnerable (VU B 2 ab (iii )). It is known from ten locations, and has an Extent of Occurrence of 30 311 km 2 and a minimum Area of Occupancy of 64 km 2. It is restricted to littoral forest, a highly threatened and fragmented ecosystem, which is mostly unprotected and subject to ongoing degradation; it occurs in the Protected Area of Masoala.	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF245550416BD4FDE4F365FA55.taxon	materials_examined	— Type: Madagascar. Prov. Antsiranana, forêt de Sahafary (bassin de la Saharenana, Diégo-Suarez), sur sables, 27. XII. 1963, fr., Service Forestier 23053 (holo-, P [P 00077433]!; iso-, P × 2 [P 00077434, P 00077435]!; L [L 0011256], TEF [TEF 000251], photos seen). ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Madagascar. Prov. Antsiranana, bassin de la Saharenena, forêt de Sahafary, sur sables, 26. II. 1964, fr., Service Forestier 23312 (P × 2).	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF245550416BD4FDE4F365FA55.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. — Scolopia septentrionalis is known only from two collections from a single locality, the Sahafary forest, in the extreme north (Fig. 5).	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF245550416BD4FDE4F365FA55.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Scolopia septentrionalis is a large shrub or small tree (“ arbuste ”); the fruit may be reddish. It may be distinguished from other species of the single-flowered xerophytic group by its small and narrow leaves; it also has far fewer stamens than S. calcicola, which occurs nearby.	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF245550416BD4FDE4F365FA55.taxon	conservation	CONSERVATION STATUS The preliminary assessment of the conservation status of Scolopia septentrionalis is Critically Endangered (CR B 1 ab (iii) + B 2 ab (iii )). With an Extent of Occurrence of 16 km 2 and an Area of Occupancy of less than 10 km 2, S. septentrionalis is known from only a single location, the Sahafary forest, which is unprotected and subject to continuing degradation. It has not been recollected for almost fifty years.	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF245550416A70FA01F5B5F9F6.taxon	materials_examined	— Type: Madagascar. Prov. Toliara, Ampandrandava (entre Bekily et Tsivory), Pisopiso, 800 m, XI. 1943, fl., Seyrig 331 [“ Decary 5374 ”] (holo-, P [P 00077441]!; iso-, L [L 0011257], P [P 00077440], photos seen). ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Madagascar. Prov. Toliara, vallée du Mandrare (Sud), Aubréville s. n. (P). — Antanimora, XII. 1959, fr., Bosser 13929 (P). — Préfecture de Fort Dauphin, Réserve Intégrale d’Andohahely, parcelle 3, 17. XI. 1990, fr., Dumetz 1410 (MO, P). — Mont Eromo près Beraketa entre Isoanala et Antanimoro (Sud), gneiss, 500 - 1000 m, III. 1934, Humbert 14174 (P). — Entre Antanimora et Ambovombe, 15. II. 1949, fr., Service Forestier 352 (P). — Sur la crête de Maroakaoho, vers 250 m d’alt. (rive droite de la Menarandra, à l’W de Tranoroa), 13. I. 1962, Service Forestier 20662 bis (P). — Route Tuléar-Sakaraha, vers les PK 55 - 65 (à l’W d’Andranovory), XII. 1961 - I. 1962, Service Forestier 20726 (P × 4). — Au PK. 45 de la route de Tuléar à Sakaraha, 12. XII. 1962, fr., Service Forestier 22281 (P × 2). — Entre Imonty et Ankeba, bassin de la Mananara, affluent du Mandrare, 20. I. 1963, fr., Service Forestier 22431 (P). — Forêt d’Analamatahitse (Analamatahotra) entre Bekily et la route Beraketa – Antanimora, 28. I. 1963, fr., Service Forestier 22524 (P). — A 20 km env. au S de Beraketa, 18. XII. 1968, fr., Service Forestier 28515 (P). — Environs d’Ampandrandava (entre Bekily et Tsivory), crête Est, 1000 m, XII. 1943, fl., Seyrig 331 B (P).	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF245550416A70FA01F5B5F9F6.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. — Scolopia spinescens is endemic to southern Madagascar (Fig. 6), where it occurs in dry forest, degraded bush, and transitional vegetation; one collection is reported from a gneiss substrate.	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF245550416A70FA01F5B5F9F6.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Scolopia spinescens is a small tree or shrub, sometimes spiny, with platanoid bark. It is distinguished from similar species by its small, often suborbicular, few-veined leaves and glabrous ovary. The only other southern xerophytic species is S. meridionalis, which has larger, proportionately narrower leaves and a pubescent ovary. The holotype of Scolopia spinescens is numbered only as Seyrig 331. The isotype at P bears several labels, including a handwritten label with Seyrig’s number 331, later annotated “ 5374 ”; a Herbier du Jardin Botanique label numbered 5374; a printed Paris label with Decary’s name; and a typed slip by Sleumer indicating that “ Decary 5374 = Seyrig 331 ”. Sleumer’s protologue of S. spinescens listed the type as “ Herb. Decary 5374, leg. Seyrig 331 ” (Sleumer 1972 a: 49). The actual collector’s number, 331, must be used in preference to the later-added cataloguing number, 5374, which is not present on all duplicates.	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF245550416A70FA01F5B5F9F6.taxon	conservation	CONSERVATION STATUS The preliminary assessment of the conservation status of Scolopia spinescens is Near Threatened (NT). It is known from thirteen locations and has an Extent of Occurrence of 57 289 km 2 and a minimum Area of Occupancy of 52 km 2, but an estimated potential maximum Area of Occupancy based upon likely suitable habitat that probably exceeds 2000 km 2. Except for one collection within the Protected Area of Andohahela, the habitat is almost completely unprotected and subject to ongoing degradation. Only one collection has been made since 1968. It is therefore plausible that this assessment underestimates this species’ actual risk.	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF2455504068DFF9A0F3F8F9D7.taxon	materials_examined	— Type: Madagascar. Prov. Toamasina, Analamazaotra, IX. 1925, fl., Louvel 117 (holo-, P [P 00077443]!; iso-, WAG [WAG 0004331], photo seen; fragment, L, photo seen). ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Madagascar. Prov. Antsiranana, Réserve Naturelle Intégrale de Marojejy, 10.5 km NW Manantenina, along tributary at head of Andranomifototra River, Campement 4, 14 ° 26 ’ 24 ” S, 49 ° 44 ’ 30 ” E, 1625 m, 4 - 13. XI. 1996, fl., Rakotomalaza et al. 894 (G, MO). Prov. Toamasina. Moramanga, Ambohibary, Ampitambe, Ambatovy, forêt d’Analamay Sud, 18 ° 48 ’ 18 ” S, 48 ° 19 ’ 48 ” E, 1220 m, 18. XII. 2004, fr., Andriamahefarivo et al. 52 (P). — Moraman- ga, Andasibe, Menalamba, Ambatovy, Analamay forest on crust, 18 ° 47 ’ 59 ” S, 48 ° 19 ’ 52 ” E, 1142 m, 2. XII. 2005, fr., Antilahimena et al. 4309 (MO, P). — Moramanga, commune Ambohibary, fokontany Ampitambe, Ambatovy, Saharevo forest without crust, 18 ° 50 ’ 22 ’ S, 48 ° 17 ’ 52 ” E, 1136 m, 11. XII. 2006, fr., Antilahimena et al. 5122 (P). — Alaotra-Mangoro, Moramanga, Ampitambe, Ambatovy, Zone de défrichement 27, 18 ° 51 ’ 26 ” S, 48 ° 17 ’ 53 ” E, 1093 m, 17. XII. 2010, fr., Miandrimanana et al. 502 (G, MO). — Forêt Analamazaotra, 800 m, XII. year?, fr., Perrier de la Bâthie 5976 (P × 2). — Alaotra Mangoro, Moramanga, Ambohibary, Ampitambe, forêt d’Analamay, 18 ° 48 ’ 31 ” S, 48 ° 20 ’ 53 ” E, 1009 m, 9. XI. 2008, Ratolojanahary 164 (MO). — 17 km S of Route Nationale 2 (Antananarivo to Toamasina), along road to Lakato, 19 ° 03 ’ 10 ” S, 48 ° 22 ’ 20 ” E, 1080 m, 11. XI. 2003, fr., Schatz et al. 4183 (MO, P).	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF2455504068DFF9A0F3F8F9D7.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. — Scolopia taimbarina is known from mid- to high-elevation northeastern humid forests (Fig. 4).	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF2455504068DFF9A0F3F8F9D7.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Scolopia taimbarina is a small tree or large shrub to 8 m tall. The small, persistent, brown-drying leaves are elliptical to broadly elliptical, sometimes tending toward ovate or obovate, with a rounded to obtuse apex. The sepals are reported to be reddish-green, while the stamens are white. It co-occurs at Analamazaotra with S. thouvenotii, a slightly more common species that also has fairly small brown leaves, flowers with only about 40 stamens and pedicels under 5 mm even in fruit. Leaves of S. thouvenotii are narrower, elliptical to ovate or lanceolate, with usually long-caudate apices; S. taimbarina seems to occur usually at higher elevations than S. thouvenotii, though there is some overlap in elevational range.	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF2455504068DFF9A0F3F8F9D7.taxon	vernacular_names	VERNACULAR NAMES Hazomby (Antilahimena et al. 5122); Taimbarina p [etites] f [euilles] (Louvel 117).	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF2455504068DFF9A0F3F8F9D7.taxon	conservation	CONSERVATION STATUS The preliminary assessment of the conservation status of Scolopia taimbarina is Endangered (EN B 1 ab (ii, iii, iv, v )). It is known from only five locations and has an Extent of Occurrence of 3866 km 2 and a minimum Area of Occupancy of 28 km 2, though the potential maximum Area of Occupancy based on likely suitable habitat within the Extent of Occurrence is c. 3000 km 2. The habitat includes the current Protected Areas of Andasibe-Mantadia and Marojejy, but we project a decline at the Ambatovy mining site in the near future.	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF2454505F6A67F980F0D5FE4B.taxon	materials_examined	— Type: Madagascar. Prov. Toamasina, Analamazaotra, fr., Thouvenot 84 (lecto-, designated by Sleumer [Blumea 20: 55 (1972)], P [P 00077444]!; isolecto-, P × 3 [P 00077445, P 00077446]!; fragments L, photo seen). ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Madagascar. Prov. Toamasina, Alaotra-Mangoro, Moramanga, Ambohibary, Ambatovy, Sahavaharina, 18 ° 51 ’ 39 ” S, 49 ° 20 ’ 21 ” E, 1028 m, 31. VIII. 2004, fr., Antilahimena 4235 (MO, P). — Alaotra-Mangoro, Moramanga, commune Ambohibary, fokontany Ampitambe, Ambatovy, Sahaviana forest, 18 ° 50 ’ 32 ” S, 48 ° 18 ’ 22 ” E, 1077 m, 13. II. 2007, fr., Antilahimena et al. 5335 (MO, P). — Fivondronana Moramanga, commune Ambohibary, fokontany Ampitambe, Ambohimanarivo forest, Ambatovy, 18 ° 50 ’ 54 ” S, 48 ° 17 ’ 14 ” E, 1018 m, 23. I. 2008, Antilahimena et al. 5962 (MO). — Atsinanana Region, Brickaville, Anjahamamay, Anivoranokely, Ankerana forest, 18 ° 24 ’ 57 ” S, 48 ° 48 ’ 53 ” E, 847 m, 28. I. 2012, fr., Antilahimena 8133 (G, K, MO). — Analamazaotra, X. year?, fl., Louvel 119 (P). — Forêt d’Analamazaotra, XII. 1923, fl., Louvel 190 (P). — Same loc., 800 m alt., XII. year?, Perrier de la Bâthie 4661 (P × 3). — Atsinanana, Vatomandry, Ambalabe, Mahatsara, forêt d’Antsofotra, 19 ° 13 ’ 50 ” S, 48 ° 37 ’ 53 ” E, 252 m, 27. I. 2012, Rakotoarivelo & Randrianarimanana 657 (MO). — Moramanga, Ambohibary, Ampitambe, Andranovery, Ambatovy, clearing zone 5, 18 ° 51 ’ 52 ” S, 48 ° 18 ’ 47 ” E, 1000 m, 13. II. 2008, Rakotondrafara 587 (MO). — Alaotra-Mangoro, Moramanga, Ambohibary, Ampitambe, Ambatovy, Mariera, 18 ° 49 ’ 57 ” S, 48 ° 18 ’ 16 ” E, 1145 m, 11. XII. 2011, fr., Rasoazanany et al. 50 (G, MO). — Nosy Mangabe in Bay of Antongil, 5 km S of Maroantsetra, 15 ° 30 ’ S, 49 ° 46 ’ E, 0 - 330 m, 20 - 25. IX. 1989, fl., Schatz 2741 (MO, P). — Environs de Sahamalaza (bassin de la Rantabe) vers 700 m, s. d., Service Forestier 9123 (P). — Environs de la Baie d’Antongil, restes de forêts à l’W d’Anandrovola, vers 100 - 150 m d’alt., 11. IX. 1957, fl., Service Forestier 18235 (P × 2). — Environs de la Baie d’Antongil, massif de Farankaraina, entre Navana et Andranofotsy, de 0 à 150 m d’alt., 16. IX. 1957, fl., Service Forestier 18310 (P × 2). — Forêt d’Analamazaotra, s. d., fl., Ursch 19 (P). — Masoala Peninsula, S of village of Ambanizana in Andranobe River watershed, 400 - 1700 m from seashore, 15 ° 40 ’ 24 ” S, 49 ° 57 ’ 51 ” E, 110 - 260 m, 7. I. 1995, fr., Vasey & Velo 323 (MO, P).	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF2454505F6A67F980F0D5FE4B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. — Scolopia thouvenotii is found in humid eastern montane forests in the province of Toamasina at low to moderate elevations (Fig. 2).	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF2454505F6A67F980F0D5FE4B.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Scolopia thouvenotii is a tree up to 30 m tall, with dbh to 40 cm. The ovate to elliptical or occasionally lanceolate leaves are small, persistent, and brown on drying, with a blunt-tipped long-caudate to narrowly acuminate apex. The flowers are white, the pedicels short, and the fruits reportedly green, though probably seen only when immature. Means of distinguishing it from S. taimbarina have been remarked above. It also could be confused with S. hazomby, which occurs in the same region, and which has more oblong to elliptical leaves and a usually convex (to cuneate) rather than rounded base. From existing material, the upper end of the leaf size range for S. thouvenotii is about 6.5 cm long with a 6 mm petiole, whereas this is the lower end of the typical mature leaf size range for S. hazomby, which also has much longer petioles.	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF2454505F6A67F980F0D5FE4B.taxon	vernacular_names	VERNACULAR NAMES Hazomby (Louvel 119, Thouvenot 84); Hazomby à petites [sic; probably “ petites feuilles ”] (Louvel 190); Menavahatra (Antilahimena et al. 5335); Taimbaritra (Perrier de la Bâthie 4661).	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF2454505F6A67F980F0D5FE4B.taxon	conservation	CONSERVATION STATUS The preliminary assessment of the conservation status of Scolopia thouvenotii is Vulnerable (VU B 1 ab (i, ii, iii, iv, v )). It is known from no more than ten locations and has an Extent of Occurrence of 16 246 km 2 and a minimum Area of Occupancy of 56 km 2, with an estimated potential maxi- mum Area of Occupancy based on likely suitable habitat that exceeds 2000 km 2. Most of the habitat is unprotected and subject to continuing degradation, although the species does occur in the Protected Areas of Andasibe-Mantadia, Masoala, and Nosy Mangabe. We project a decline in population size and suitable habitat at the Ambatovy mining site in the near future.	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
039187FF244B505F6A51FD07F024FBF5.taxon	discussion	Sleumer (1972 b) treated these names, previously considered to represent two distinct Malagasy species, as referring to a single species of Ludia from humid forests of central and eastern Madagascar.	en	Applequist, Wendy L., Schatz, George E. (2016): A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae). Adansonia 38 (1): 99-115, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a6
