identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
E47A8798FF90FF9A58E8055AFAD6D5F5.text	E47A8798FF90FF9A58E8055AFAD6D5F5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anurogryllus Saussure 1877	<div><p>Anurogryllus Saussure, 1877</p> <p>Comments. This genus is distributed from the United States to Argentina, including the Greater and Lesser Antilles. Contains 37 species in four recently established subgenera (Cigliano et al., 2021). They are known by the common name of “Short-tailed cricket” because at least in the subgenus Anurogryllus, the ovipositor of females is very short and slightly exceeds the length of the subgenital plate (Walker, 1973), females of the other subgenera have a welldeveloped ovipositor, sometimes exceeding the length of the hind femur (Randell, 1964; Gorochov, 2019), discarding the ovipositor length as a generic character, as was the case in the past, and rather, it is the structure of the male genitalia which defines the genus (Randell, 1964; García-Novo, 2002). Anurogryllus is very diverse since the range of its distribution has several gaps where in the future many species may be found since the distribution of its species is restricted (except Anurogryllus (Anurogryllus) muticus (De Geer, 1773)) and several examples are sympatric.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E47A8798FF90FF9A58E8055AFAD6D5F5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Díaz, Carlos Julio Arango;López, Víctor Hugo Grande;Cárdenas, Andrea Del Pilar Floréz	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Díaz, Carlos Julio Arango, López, Víctor Hugo Grande, Cárdenas, Andrea Del Pilar Floréz (2021): Studies on Neotropical crickets: New species and notes on the classification of Field Crickets genera Anurogryllus and Gryllus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllinae). Zootaxa 4970 (3): 515-532, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4970.3.4
E47A8798FF90FF9B58E80686FB33D0FE.text	E47A8798FF90FF9B58E80686FB33D0FE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anurogryllus (Urogryllus) edithsantosum Cadena-Castaneda 2021	<div><p>Anurogryllus (Urogryllus) edithsantosum Cadena-Castañeda n. sp.</p> <p>(Fig. 1–3)</p> <p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera.speciesfile.org:TaxonName:514177</p> <p>Etymology. Dedicated to the memory of the social leader Edith del Consuelo Santos Jiménez, murdered in 2014, in the Chichimene village, Acacias, Meta, for her defense of the environment and the people of the oil sector.</p> <p>Type material. Holotype. Male. Colombia, Meta, Acacias, Vrd. La Esmeralda, Finca La Bonita. 3.972 260, -73.726315. 514 m. 21 April 2004. J. Molano (CAUD). Paratype. Male, same data as holotype.</p> <p>Description. Male. Large size for the genus (Fig. 1A, B). Coloration. Head, thorax and abdomen dark brown; legs and ventral surface of body yellowish brown. Head with bands alternating shades of brown; eyes black with depigmented ommatidia in the supra-internal region; ocelli and mouthparts ocher, labial palps and jaws yellow; translucent tegminae with yellow venation. Head. Rounded and as wide as the pronotal disc; frons between antennal cavities 1.5 times as wide as scape; ocelli moderately large and located almost on one transverse line, median ocellus transverse and lateral ones round. Maxillary palp with five palpomeres, first and second shorter, third larger than fourth, fifth-largest, enlarged, apex truncated and grooved (Fig. 2A). Thorax. Pronotum pubescent, with thicker bristles at the edges; anterior edge of the pronotal disc with concave central portion, straight posterior edge; midline crossing from the anterior to the posterior edge of the pronotal disc, and on each side, a mark in leaf form, no varying in color with the rest of the pronotum. Legs. Pubescents; fore and mid legs similar; fore tibia with one external and two internal apical spurs, outer tympanum large and ovoid, inner tympanum very small and rounded; hind tibia with seven pairs of dorsal spines; hind basitarsus with two rows of dorsal denticles, seven inner and eight outer, two apical spurs, the internal longer than the external. Wings. Tegmina ovoid and covering only the first abdominal segment and the base of the second one (Fig. 2B); stridulatory file with 101 teeth (Fig. 2C), basal area reduced, A3 vein very reduced almost covering the anterior edge of the pronotum when the tegmina is at rest, harp with two diagonal veins, the chordal area with veins Cu2 and 1A parallel and arcuate, veins 2A and 3A parallel to the tegmen edge, two small veins connecting the Cu2 vein to the mirror; apical area reduced and reticulate; mirror divided by a vein very close to the inner-lower edge (Fig. 2B). Hind wings reduced. Abdomen. Epiproctus with moderately elongated and rounded posterior edge; subgenital plate rectangular, longer than wide and with a rounded apex. Genitalia. Pseudepiphallic median lophi elongated and lanceolated in ventral and dorsal view (Fig. 3A, C), moderately flared, with a deep U-shaped notch at the apex, lateral edges with abundant hairs; pseudepiphallic parameres slender and shorter than the median lophi, apex truncated and ondulated (Fig. 3A, B); lateral lophi shorth and hook-shaped; ectophallic fold ribbon-shaped, narrow and sticking out between the pseudepiphallic median lophi and parameres, apex lanceolated (Fig. 3A); arc narrow, as a plate up-curved dorsally (Fig. 3C, D); endophallic cavity membranous and ovoid (Fig. 3C, D); quadrangular rami connected in the posterior portion (Fig. 3A–D).</p> <p>Female. Unknown.</p> <p>Measurements (mm): LB: 11–12. Pr: 4–4.5. Teg.: 6–6.5. HF: 14. HT: 10.</p> <p>Comparison. This new species is more similar to Caribbean species such as A. (U.) amolgos Otte &amp; Perez-Gelabert, 2009, A. (U.) gnomus Otte &amp; Perez-Gelabert, 2009 and A. (U.) nigua Otte &amp; Perez-Gelabert, 2009, than the continental species of the subgenus Urogryllus. It is distinguished from A. (U.) amolgos because the tegmina reach the base of the second abdominal tergite and the apex of the median lophi is lanceolate and without undulations on the lateral edges of the new species, in contrast, A. (U.) amolgos the tegmina cover slightly more than half of the abdomen and the apex of the median lophi is narrow and wavy. A. (U.) edithsantosum n. sp. differs in the incision of the median lophi, which is deeper and wider to A. (U.) gnomus. The new species has the ectophallic fold of medium size, but in A. (U.) nigua is elongated, in lateral view the median lophi and lateral lophi of pseudepiphallus looks altogether like a snout, and between these the ectophallic fold emerges like a tongue. A. (U.) edithsantosum n. sp. differs from the three mentioned species, in its larger size, brown color of the head, and the pseudepiphallic median lophi is covered with hairs (as the species of the subgenus Pilosogryllus), in contrast, the other species are of medium to small size, the head is black, and the pseudepiphallic median lophi is hairless.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E47A8798FF90FF9B58E80686FB33D0FE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Díaz, Carlos Julio Arango;López, Víctor Hugo Grande;Cárdenas, Andrea Del Pilar Floréz	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Díaz, Carlos Julio Arango, López, Víctor Hugo Grande, Cárdenas, Andrea Del Pilar Floréz (2021): Studies on Neotropical crickets: New species and notes on the classification of Field Crickets genera Anurogryllus and Gryllus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllinae). Zootaxa 4970 (3): 515-532, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4970.3.4
E47A8798FF94FF9E58E8055AFB0CD561.text	E47A8798FF94FF9E58E8055AFB0CD561.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gryllus Linnaeus 1758	<div><p>Gryllus Linnaeus, 1758</p> <p>Comments. This is the type genus of the family, with a wide distribution on the planet, although without records in Australia, where it has been replaced by Teleogryllus Chopard, 1961 (Chopard, 1961; Cigliano et al. 2021). Contains 101 species in two subgenera, the subgenus Gryllus with most species and Homaloblemus Saussure, 1877 with two African species with distinctly modified head (Gorochov, 2001). They are known by the common name of Field Crickets, although it is a term used indiscriminately for members of the subfamily Gryllinae. A new species from the Caribbean and a preliminary analysis of the Latin American species are described below.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E47A8798FF94FF9E58E8055AFB0CD561	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Díaz, Carlos Julio Arango;López, Víctor Hugo Grande;Cárdenas, Andrea Del Pilar Floréz	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Díaz, Carlos Julio Arango, López, Víctor Hugo Grande, Cárdenas, Andrea Del Pilar Floréz (2021): Studies on Neotropical crickets: New species and notes on the classification of Field Crickets genera Anurogryllus and Gryllus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllinae). Zootaxa 4970 (3): 515-532, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4970.3.4
E47A8798FF94FF9358E806F2FD6FD6F0.text	E47A8798FF94FF9358E806F2FD6FD6F0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gryllus (Gryllus) providiensis Cadena-Castaneda 2021	<div><p>Gryllus (Gryllus) providiensis Cadena-Castañeda n. sp.</p> <p>(Fig. 4–7)</p> <p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera.speciesfile.org:TaxonName:514178</p> <p>Etymology. It refers to the Providencia Island, Archipelago of San Andres, from where this species was collected.</p> <p>Type material. Holotype. Male. Colombia, Providencia Island, road to “Pico” 13.346 994, -81.374616. 300 m. J. Arias (CAUD). Paratypes. Female adult, two females and one male subadults with same data as holotype.</p> <p>Description. Male. Mid-size for the genus (Fig. 4A, B). Coloration. Head with the dorsal surface from the vertex to the fastigium, between the middle of the antennal sockets and partially the clypeus dark brown, the rest of the cephalic capsule ocher including the jaws; ocelli and palps light yellow; lateral ocelli joined by an ocher inverted “Y” (epicraneal suture); eyes black with depigmented ommatidia in the supra-internal region (Fig. 5A). Pronotal disc and partially the lateral lobes of the pronotum dark brown, with the lower half whitish-yellow (Fig. 4A). Meso and metathorax light yellow, legs light ocher, although the tibiae have brown bristles. Tegmina ochre with the base with a light-yellow spot (Fig. 4B), veins with brown and ocher portions. Dark brown abdomen. Head. Rounded and as wide as the pronotal disc; frons between antennal cavities 1.5 times as wide as scape; ocelli moderately large and located almost on one transverse line, median ocellus transverse and lateral ones round. Maxillary palp with five palpomeres, first and second shorter, third almost as long as the fourth, fifth-largest, enlarged, apex rounded, devoid of the cuticle covering the others of the segments (Fig. 5A). Thorax. Pronotum pubescent, with thicker bristles on the edges; anterior edge of pronotal disc concave, posterior edge convex; midline traversing from the anterior edge, interrupting near the posterior edge of the pronotal disc, and on each side, a mark in leaf form, no varying in color with the rest of the pronotal disc (Fig. 4A, B). Legs. Pubescent; with conspicuous bristles on the dorsal edge of the femora, fore and mid legs similar; fore tibia with one outer and two inner apical spurs, outer tympanum large and ovoid, inner tympanum small and rounded; hind tibia with eight outer-dorsal and five inner-dorsal spines; hind basitarsus with two rows of dorsal denticles, four inner and six outer, two apical spurs, the internal longer than the external. Wings. Tegmina covering up to the seventh abdominal segment (Fig. 4B, 5B); stridulatory file with 130 teeth; harp with three diagonal veins (Fig. 5C), first or proximal harp vein originating near the base of the second or mid harp vein, in turn, the first or proximal harp vein branching out in the first basal third of its length, this branching is hardly visible, tenuous and does not lead on the Cu1 vein (or Branch of CuPB sensu Desutter-Grandcolas et al., (2017)), as if the other veins of the harp do. Chordal area with all three veins present, veins Cu2 and 1A parallel and arcuate; mirror divided as normally happens in species of this genus; apical area developed and reticulated (Fig. 5C). Hind wings widely exceeding the abdomen. Abdomen. Epiproct semi-oval, the base of straight lateral edges and protruding dorsally like keels. Subgenital plate longer than wide and with the apex divided into a medial incision. Genitalia. Three typical projections of the pseudepiphallic lophi region, similar to other species of the genus (Fig. 6A–C).</p> <p>Female. Similar to the male, although the color tones are a little darker, in essence, it follows the same color pattern as the male (Fig.7A–C). Ovipositor longer than the length of the hind femur (Fig. 7A).</p> <p>Measurements (mm) male/female: LB: 17/20. Pr: 3.5/4. Teg.: 12/14. HF: 8/9. HT: 7.5/8.</p> <p>Comparison. This new species is similar to G. (G.) assimilis in its habitus, conspicuous bristles in the pronotum, epicranial suture and pale circumocular area, although the new species is smaller than G. (G.) assimilis, and the venation of the tegmina is different (G. (G.) assimilis have 4–5 harp veins). Although the coloration of the Gryllus species is variable, some patterns remain, and the new species has yellow legs and wings (especially the tegmina with a light-yellow spot at the base), in contrast, G. (G.) assimilis has darker coloring patterns, usually with legs and tegmina in shades of brown.</p> <p>Few Gryllus species have less than 4 harp veins, in the Caribbean species, it happens in G. (G.) arijua Otte &amp; Perez-Gelabert, 2009 and G. (G.) providiensis n. sp. in both there are 3 veins, but in G. (G.) arijua all originate from the stridulation vein (Cu2 traditionally, CuPb vein sensu Desutter-Grandcolas et al., (2017)), but in the new species, only the second and third veins of the harp are born from the stridulating crest, the first vein arises from the second vein and in turn branches into a thin and short vein that is not considered an additional vein of the harp, this is peculiar to G. (G.) providiensis n. sp., as the well-documented Caribbean and Neotropical species do not have this condition. The new species also differs from G. (G.) arijua, in its coloration and length of the tegmina, which reaches the seventh abdominal segment, in contrast, G. (G.) arijua, has darker tones, resembling more to G. (G.) assimilis, brown hind femur, with dark brown stripes and the tegmina covers until the last abdominal segment.</p> <p>Comments. Recent publications have suggested using acoustic data to complement the description of new taxa for Gryllus, since they do not present significant variability that allows defining species with genitalia, as is traditionally done with crickets (Weissman &amp; Gray, 2019). But the description of G. (G.) providiensis n. sp., maybe an exception, due to its particular morphology, differing conspicuously from the closest species, as mentioned in the comparison. Also, the organization of the harp veins is not shared with the other Caribbean and continental species. Only G. (G.) marchena Otte &amp; Peck, 1997 from the Galapagos Archipelago has a similar pattern, but this species differs from G. (G.) providiensis n. sp. since all the Galapagean species have short wings and a more elongated ovipositor, and a completely black cephalic head.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E47A8798FF94FF9358E806F2FD6FD6F0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Díaz, Carlos Julio Arango;López, Víctor Hugo Grande;Cárdenas, Andrea Del Pilar Floréz	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Díaz, Carlos Julio Arango, López, Víctor Hugo Grande, Cárdenas, Andrea Del Pilar Floréz (2021): Studies on Neotropical crickets: New species and notes on the classification of Field Crickets genera Anurogryllus and Gryllus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllinae). Zootaxa 4970 (3): 515-532, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4970.3.4
