taxonID	type	description	language	source
038287F12172E51EB659F8B17899D2A7.taxon	discussion	In the spring of 2008 we collected several larvae and adults of Leuctra dalmoni, a species recently described from France and seven other European nations, including two sites in Slovakia (Vinçon & Murányi 2007). Our first Slovakian records are from Suchý potok basin in the western High Tatra Mountains. We found dark brown to black adults with short, thin pilosity and larvae with long setae on the mid-abdominal tergites; long larval abdominal setae were at least ¾ of the segment length and often longer than the segments which were otherwise bare (Fig. 1). Before the description of L. dalmoni, the species was confused with L. pseudosignifera Aubert, 1954 and L. prima Kempny, 1899 (Vinçon & Murányi 2007), but in comparison to larvae of these species, the larvae of L. dalmoni have shorter pilosity on the cerci. Larval cercal setae on segments 3 - 10 do not reach the base of the next cercal segment in L. dalmoni, whereas in larvae of L. prima and L. pseudosignifera these setae reach, or exceed, the length of the next segment. During the faunistic research in Slovakia over the years 2008 - 2010, we thought the center of occurrence for this species is in the High Tatra Mountains. Exceptionally, it was recorded from Slovak Paradise and Vepor’s Hills, and at present, it appears not only as an ordinary Tatra species, but also Slovak. In more recent data (yet unpublished) it is clear, that it commonly occurs in the upper Váh, Poprad and Dunajec, Ipel’, Hornád and Hnilec basins (Fig. 2), but its distribution does not extend to the Pannonian ecoregion. Distribution of L. dalmoni is closely related to the occurrence of mountain hypsometric degree. It is a rheophilic species which strongly dominates in epirithral zones and partially in springs, and it seems to prefer second and third order streams. The species occurs in streams with cristallic and carbonate geological basins.	en	Žiak, Matej, Krno, Il'ja (2014): New And Interesting Records Of Plecoptera (Insecta) From Slovakia And Several Autecology Notes. Illiesia 10 (6): 52-59, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757651
038287F12172E51EB659F8B17899D2A7.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Slovakia, High Tatra Mts, Suchý brook: 1. (N 49 ° 12´36.1 ´´ E 019 ° 36´50.7 ´´), 1117 m a. s. l., 15. V. 2008, 18 L, coll., leg. et det. M. Žiak; 2. (N 49 ° 12´21.7 ´´ E 019 ° 35´46.4 ´´), 983 m a. s. l., 15. V. 2008, 23 L, 1 ♂, coll. leg et det. M. Žiak; Slovakia, High Tatra Mts, Tichý brook: 1. (N 49 ° 12´34.6 ´´ E 019 ° 55´55.6 ´´), 1115 m a. s. l., 15. V. 2008, 2 ♀, coll. I. Krno, leg et det. M. Žiak; 2. (N 49 ° 12´35.3 ´´ E 19 ° 55´54.4 ´´), 1150 ma. s. l., 13. V. 2009, 10 L, coll., leg. et det. I. Krno; 3. (N 49 ° 11´17.9 ´´ E 19 ° 54´82.3 ´´), 1037 m a. s. l., 13. V. 2009, 1 L, coll., leg. et det. I. Krno; Slovakia, Higt Tatra Mts, Tomanov brook: 1. (N 49 ° 13´28.1 ´´ E 19 ° 55´55.2 ´´), 1336 m a. s. l., 10. V. 2009, 2 L, coll., leg. et det. I. Krno; 2. (N 49 ° 13´15.7 ´´ E 19 ° 56´04.9 ´´), 1290 m a. s. l., 10. V. 2009, 5 L, coll., leg. et det. I. Krno; 3. (N 49 ° 13´17.5 ´´ E 19 ° 56´28.9 ´´), 1151 m a. s. l., 10. V. 2009, 12 L, coll., leg. et det. I. Krno; Slovakia, High Tatra Mts, Javorov brook: (N 49 ° 13´15.8 ´´ E 19 ° 56´07.7 ´´), 1290 m a. s. l., 11. V. 2009, 6 L, coll., leg. et det. I. Krno; Slovakia, High Tatra Mts, Veľký Šum: (N 49 ° 07´44 ´´ E 20 ° 06´62. 6 ´´), 1165 m a. s. l., 11. V. 2009, 3 L, coll., leg. et det. I. Krno; Slovakia, High Tatra Mts, Poprad river, (N 49 ° 07´21.8 ´´ E 20 ° 04´53.3 ´´), 1220 m a. s. l., 09. V. 2010, 12 L, coll., leg. et det. I. Krno; Slovakia, High Tatra Mts, Belá river: (N 49 ° 08´81.7 ´´ E 19 ° 54´65.8 ´´), 963 m a. s. l., 18. III. 2009, 1 L, coll., leg. et det. I. Krno; Slovakia, High Tatra Mts, Biely Váh river, N 49 ° 07´30.1 ´´ E 20 ° 00´93.2´), 1198 m a. s. l., 7 L, coll., leg. et det. I. Krno; Slovakia, High Tatra Mts, Velický brook: (N 49 ° 07´35.5 ´´ E 20 ° 10´44.3 ´´), 984 m a. s. l., 14. V. 2009, 1 L, coll., leg. et det. I. Krno; Slovakia, High Tatra Mts, Slavkovský brook: (N 49 ° 07´96.4 ´´ E 20 ° 11´71.1 ´´), 1047 m a. s. l., 2 L, coll., leg. et det. I. Krno; Slovakia, High Tatra Mts, Hromadná voda: (N 49 ° 07´36.5 ´´ E 20 ° 10´27.1 ´´), 1002 m a. s. l., 14. V. 2009, 4 L, coll., leg. et det. I. Krno; Slovakia, Slovenský raj, Kopanec: (N 48 ° 53´24.5 ´´ E 20 ° 18´47.0 ´´), 851 m a. s. l., 22. V. 2008, 1 ♀, coll. I. Krno, leg. et det. M. Žiak; Slovakia, Ipeľ river: (48 ° 36 ' 14.74 " 19 ° 41 ' 19.28 "), 848 m a. s. l., 14. IV. 2008, 5 L, coll et leg. M. Očadlík, det. M. Žiak.	en	Žiak, Matej, Krno, Il'ja (2014): New And Interesting Records Of Plecoptera (Insecta) From Slovakia And Several Autecology Notes. Illiesia 10 (6): 52-59, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757651
038287F12170E519B6AEF8877ACDD75A.taxon	discussion	The genus Rhabdiopteryx is currently represented in Slovakia by three species: R. acuminata Klapálek 1905, R. navicula Theischinger 1974 and an alpine species, R. neglecta (Albarda 1889). Distribution of these species is very well analyzed and documented (Krno 2004 b), however, for many years the questions of occurrence of R. harperi Vinçon & Murányi, 2009 and R. hamulata have remained. The former species is still not confirmed in Slovakia, but we expect it may occur in eastern Slovakia in the Bukovské Mountains. Krno (2000) and Šporka (2003) suggested the latter species occurs in the Dunaj River basin in Slovakia, but this has not been confirmed, and its occurrence in the Danube River was considered doubtful by Ujhelyi (1975). In 2009, we found the first confirmed Slovakian records of larvae and adults of R. hamulata in two upland to submontane brooks in the Hron River basin in southern Slovakia (Fig. 5). Globally, this species has a disjunct population in Bulgaria (Braasch & Joost 1975), and is also known from Macedonia (Ikonomov 1986) and Hungary (Kovacs & Murányi 2008). The species is categorized as vulnerable and the Slovakian populations represent the known northern boundary of its distribution in Europe. The species occurs in the Pannonian ecoregion, but borders the Carpathian ecoregion. Larvae have a speckled appearance with spots forming a transverse row on each abdominal segment, and the subgenital plates of larvae are incised inward at the distal end of the body (Fig. 3). Larval specimens were abundant in Podlužianka brook, but less common in collections from Sikenica brook in the Štiavnica Mountains. These 4 th order streams are characterized by neovolcanic basins, high fluctuations of flow in spring and autumn and a summer temperature maximum in excess of 20 ˚ C. Both brooks flow through Pannonic oak-hornbeam forest. In this biotope we recorded Alnus glutinosa, Ulmus minor, Acer campestre, Fraxinus excelsior and Rubus fruticosus among the floral components. Larvae were frequently associated with submerged roots with entrained leaf packs and streaming detritus. During our examination of larvae, the digestive tracts of 26 specimens were analyzed and the species appears to be a complete detritophage. Larvae were found primarily in the meta and hyporhithral zones, as in Hungary, Bulgaria and Macedonia (Kovacs & Murányi 2008; Tyufekchieva et al. 2013). The species is known from submontane and mountain streams (Újhelyi 1975; Kovacs & Murányi 2008) from localities outside of Slovakia, but in Slovakia the species occurs in upland to submontane streams.	en	Žiak, Matej, Krno, Il'ja (2014): New And Interesting Records Of Plecoptera (Insecta) From Slovakia And Several Autecology Notes. Illiesia 10 (6): 52-59, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757651
038287F12170E519B6AEF8877ACDD75A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Slovakia, Štiavnické vrchy Mts, Podlužianka: 1. (N 48 ° 18´06.2 ´´ E 18 ° 37´32.9 ´´), 215 m a. s. l., 11.3.2009, 25 L, 1 ♀, 2 ♂, coll. I. Krno, leg. et det. M. Žiak; 2. (N 48 ° 18´14.8 ´´ E 18 ° 37´57.4 ´´), 153 m a. s. l., 11.3.2009, 4 L, coll. I. Krno, leg. et det. M. Žiak; Slovakia, Štiavnické vrchy Mts, Sikenica: (N 48 ° 18´14.8 ´´ E 18 ° 37´57.4 ´´), 153 m a. s. l., 12.3.2009, 1 L, coll. leg. et det I. Krno.	en	Žiak, Matej, Krno, Il'ja (2014): New And Interesting Records Of Plecoptera (Insecta) From Slovakia And Several Autecology Notes. Illiesia 10 (6): 52-59, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757651
038287F12177E51AB401FCA57835D156.taxon	discussion	Capnopsis schilleri is the single known representative of the genus. In Slovakia, the species is rare and endangered, and it is an infrequent and protected glacial relict throughout its range in Europe (Špaček et al. 1999). During the Pleistocene the species apparently spread westward from the Caucasus and Balkans, and from there to other, mainly northern European areas (Zwick 1984). The species is most abundant in Scandinavia where it occurs in a variety of sites from springs to large rivers (Lillehammer 1988; Malmqvist 1999). In 1953, Winkler collected the first two adults in the West Tatras Mountains in the Orava River basin (Winkler 1957), and in 1998 the first two larvae were collected in the Jelešna River, Orava basin (Krno 2002). After more than 50 years we unexpectedly discovered a single female adult and seven larvae in the lower Hron River basin during the spring of 2009 and 2010 (Fig. 6). The dark brown larvae were 4 - 6 mm in length with dense pilosity and long slender setae surrounding the eyes. The adults are the smallest stoneflies in Slovakia. Previously, C. schilleri was thought to be primarily in the Carpathicum ecoregion, but our results show it exceeds the southern Carpathicum border and extends into the Pannonicum ecoregion. The species was collected in small 3 rd order neovolcanic streams but older reports indicate the species has been collected in submontane to montane streams (Winkler 1957; Krno 2002). These data suggest the species is rhithral. Larvae have been collected with Rhabdiopteryx hamulata, Brachyptera risi (Morton 1896), B. seticornis (Klapálek 1902), Nemoura flexuosa Aubert 1949, N. cinerea (Retzius 1783), Protonemura praecox (Morton 1894) and Isoperla tripartita Illies 1954 during the spring months. Krno (2002) suggested the species distribution in Slovakia is limited by low water temperature, but our findings show the species also occurs in streams with high temperature regimes. The Podlužianka stream, had a measured summer maximum of 20 ° C. These observations are consistent with those of Špaček et al. (1999) and indicate the larvae of this species live in streams of different types and different abiotic factors. These factors, such as altitude, stream order, stream size, geological basin and average slope do not play an important role, although they are important in the distribution of other central European stoneflies (Soldán et al. 1998). The distribution of C. schilleri is thought to have been influenced by the last glaciation and during the Pleistocene it is thought to have been more widespread in Slovakia (Krno 2002) much as it presently is in Fennoscandinavia (Lillehammer 1988).	en	Žiak, Matej, Krno, Il'ja (2014): New And Interesting Records Of Plecoptera (Insecta) From Slovakia And Several Autecology Notes. Illiesia 10 (6): 52-59, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757651
038287F12177E51AB401FCA57835D156.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Slovakia, Štiavnické vrchy Mts, Podlužianka: 1. (N 48 ° 18´06.2 ´´ E 18 ° 37´32.9 ´´), 215 m a. s. l., 11.3.2009, 6 L, coll. I. Krno, leg. et det. M. Žiak; 17. III. 2010, 2 L, 1 ♀ coll. I. Krno, leg. et det. M. Žiak.	en	Žiak, Matej, Krno, Il'ja (2014): New And Interesting Records Of Plecoptera (Insecta) From Slovakia And Several Autecology Notes. Illiesia 10 (6): 52-59, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757651
