identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
ED27C36BFFD01C293349AF7387F6F90B.text	ED27C36BFFD01C293349AF7387F6F90B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Protonemura bifida Martynov 1928	<div><p>Protonemura bifida Martynov, 1928</p> <p>(Figs. 1-6)</p> <p>Protonemura bifida Martynov, 1928:22.</p> <p>Holotype ♂ (Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Science, St. Petersburg), Caucasus, Gvilety.</p> <p>Material examined. North Ossetia, river Kharves basin (Uruch basin), 17 VII 2006, 4 larvae of male, 3 larvae of female (L. Haseeva leg); North Ossetia, river Unaldon (Ardon basin), 25 V 2000, 5 larvae (S. Cherchesova, M. Shioloshvili leg); Borshomy reservation, river Likanis - chevi; 7 V 1986, 3 larvae (L. Zhiltzova leg.).</p> <p>Larva. Length of body (maximal) 7.5- 9 mm, length of cercus equal to length of abdomen and postnotum. Larva stocky, blackish – brown, mat, head darker than pronotum. Pronotum slightly wider than head; temporal part of head slightly projecting behind eyes and bearing a cluster of setae (Fig. 1).</p> <p>Pronotum trapezoid, slightly narrowed backwards, with rounded angles; margins with dense row of rather long sharp setae (Figs. 3-4); setae longer and more numerous on angles; some setae shorter and more blunt on anterior margin.</p> <p>Pronotal gills rather long, with contraction in apical part.</p> <p>Legs: femur margined with coarse setae along upper border; tibia with dense strong bristles along upper and lower edge.</p> <p>Abdominal segments 1–4 (or 1–5) divided on tergite and sternite (division unclear).</p> <p>Setae on tergal surface are very short, dense (Fig. 5). Two long setae protrude on hind margin of abdominal tergites; other setae are very short and dense.</p> <p>Sternite 9 of mature nymph of male medially triangularly elongated. Male paraprocts elongated and narrowed apically.</p> <p>Sternite 8 in female larvae with small arched excavation (Fig. 2). In mature larva, contour of subgenital plate is seen.</p> <p>Cerci with 22 – 23 segments armed with dense short and stout apical setae (Fig. 6); surface of segments densely covered with clothing setae. Length of segments 5 – 7 equals their width. Basal segments of cerci very short and wide, distal segments slender and very elongated.</p> <p>Diagnosis. The larva of P. bifida differs most conspicuously from the three European species described by Lillehammer (1988) in cercal setation. Each of those species [P. hrabei Rauser, P. intricata (Ris), P. meyeri (Pictet)] have mixed setal types in the terminal segmental whorls for basal cercal segments whereas these setae are rather uniform in length in P.bifida (Fig. 6).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/ED27C36BFFD01C293349AF7387F6F90B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhiltzova, L. A.;Cherchesova, S. K.;Hazeeva, L. A.;Shioloshvili, M. N.	Zhiltzova, L. A., Cherchesova, S. K., Hazeeva, L. A., Shioloshvili, M. N. (2010): Description Of The Larva Of The Caucasian Species, Protonemura Bifida Martynov (Plecoptera, Nemouridae). Illiesia 6 (22): 288-291, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4758177
