taxonID	type	description	language	source
039D5978FFEA2D7AFF061D1D92907FE5.taxon	description	(Figs. 1 - 4)	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac, Shimizu, Takao (2012): Notes On Rhopalopsole Klapálek (Plecoptera: Leuctridae), With Descriptions Of Three New Species From Vietnam. Illiesia 8 (13): 134-140, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760641
039D5978FFEA2D7AFF061D1D92907FE5.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype ♂, Vietnam, Gia Lai, An Khe District, Tram Lap, Azun River, 2 km NW on trail from forestry building, 14 ° 27 ’ N, 108 ° 33 ’ E, 23 June 1996, ROM 961084, D. C. Currie, J. Swann (ROM). Paratype: Vietnam, Gia Lai, An Khe District, Tram Lap, small stream 0.5 km NW on trail from forestry building to Azun River, 900 m, 14 ° 27 ’ N, 108 ° 33 ’ E, 22 June 1996, ROM 961081, D. C. Currie, J. Swann, 1 ♀ (ROM).	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac, Shimizu, Takao (2012): Notes On Rhopalopsole Klapálek (Plecoptera: Leuctridae), With Descriptions Of Three New Species From Vietnam. Illiesia 8 (13): 134-140, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760641
039D5978FFEA2D7AFF061D1D92907FE5.taxon	description	Male. General color in alcohol brown. Head and legs brown, without distinctive pattern. Wings uniformly brown with slightly darker veins. Forewing length 5.5 mm. Vesicle typical of the genus, rounded apically and attached to anterior margin of sternum 9 by narrow pedicel (Fig. 2). Posterior margin of tergum 9 thickened slightly for a short section at midlength (Fig. 1). Tergum 10 with a cordate shaped mesal sclerite offset from other sclerites by narrow membranous strips. Posterolateral margins of tergum 10 bearing prominent thorn-like processes; each process wide basally and scalloped on the posterior margin to form a long, narrow, sclerotized spine (Figs. 1 - 3). Epiproct thick with rounded apex (Figs. 1, 3). Cerci moderately long, subcylindrical, curved upward slightly in lateral aspect and bearing a small spine on the inner dorsoapical margin (Figs. 1 - 3). Paraprocts fused into a caudally projecting process decurved at the tip and bearing numerous fine surface wrinkles; apex notched (Figs. 1 - 3). Putative female. General habitus similar to male. Forewing length 6.0 mm. Posteromedian margin of sternum 7 projecting slightly over base of sternum 8; sternum 7 sclerotized over much of surface, but with a small, posteromedian, square unpigmented zone (Fig. 4). Sternum 8 with median transverse sclerite deeply incised on posteromedian margin. Sternum 9 sclerotized over most of surface, but with a small anteromedian unsclerotized lobe. Larva. Unknown.	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac, Shimizu, Takao (2012): Notes On Rhopalopsole Klapálek (Plecoptera: Leuctridae), With Descriptions Of Three New Species From Vietnam. Illiesia 8 (13): 134-140, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760641
039D5978FFEA2D7AFF061D1D92907FE5.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species name, used as a noun in apposition, is based on the Azun River type locality.	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac, Shimizu, Takao (2012): Notes On Rhopalopsole Klapálek (Plecoptera: Leuctridae), With Descriptions Of Three New Species From Vietnam. Illiesia 8 (13): 134-140, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760641
039D5978FFEA2D7AFF061D1D92907FE5.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The males of three species reported from Vietnam (R. alobata Harrison & Stark 2008; R. sipang Sivec & Harper 2008 in Sivec et al. 2008; R. tamdao Sivec & Harper 2008 in Sivec et al. 2008) also have unforked, spine-like posterolateral processes on tergum 10. The former species, R. alobata, lacks a vesicle on male sternum 9, and R. sipang has much shorter posterolateral processes and a mesal spinule patch on tergum 9. The new species, an apparent member of the “ magnicerca group ” of Sivec et al. (2008), is similar to R. tamdao, and the two are distinguished by subtle characters of epiproct shape. The epiproct of R. tamdao is distinctly narrowed to an acute apex in dorsal aspect, whereas in R. azun this structure is scarcely narrowed in dorsal aspect and also appears thicker in lateral aspect (Figs. 1, 3). An additional distinction occurs on the posterior margin of tergum 9. Rhopalopsole tamdao has a thickened band of minute knobs extending across much of the dorsal margin of tergum 9, narrowly connected mesally and not projecting caudally (see Fig. 5.1 in Sivec et al. 2008). In R. azun the thickened band is restricted to a narrow mesal zone (Fig. 1). Rhopalopsole minima, described below, also shares many features with R. tamdao and R. azun but it differs from both species in having a pair of widely separated, thickened bands on the posterior margin of tergum 9 (Fig. 5). The female is associated on the basis of proximity of collection sites and may represent a separate species. The plate on sternum 7 is similar to that of R. tamdao, but the small transparent area on the posteromedian margin in that species is triangular in shape, and the sclerite on sternum 8 is divided (see Fig. 5.5 in Sivec et al. 2008).	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac, Shimizu, Takao (2012): Notes On Rhopalopsole Klapálek (Plecoptera: Leuctridae), With Descriptions Of Three New Species From Vietnam. Illiesia 8 (13): 134-140, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760641
039D5978FFE82D7BFF151BAC94397E90.taxon	description	(Figs. 5 - 7)	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac, Shimizu, Takao (2012): Notes On Rhopalopsole Klapálek (Plecoptera: Leuctridae), With Descriptions Of Three New Species From Vietnam. Illiesia 8 (13): 134-140, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760641
039D5978FFE82D7BFF151BAC94397E90.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype ♂, Vietnam, Nghe An, ca. 25 km SW Con Cuong, Khe Moi River Forestry Camp, 4 - 9 June 1995, ROM 956154, B. Hubley, J. Swann (ROM).	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac, Shimizu, Takao (2012): Notes On Rhopalopsole Klapálek (Plecoptera: Leuctridae), With Descriptions Of Three New Species From Vietnam. Illiesia 8 (13): 134-140, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760641
039D5978FFE82D7BFF151BAC94397E90.taxon	description	Male. General color in alcohol brown. Head and legs without distinctive pattern, wings pale brown with darker veins. Forewing length 4.0 mm. Vesicle typical of genus, rounded apically and attached to anterior margin of sternum 9 by a narrow pedicel (Fig. 6). Posterior margin of tergum 9 thickened slightly for two short sublateral sections (Fig. 5). Tergum 10 with a cordate-shaped mesal sclerite, bordered on each side by a dark parenthesis-shaped sclerite. Posterolateral margin of tergum 10 bearing prominent thorn-like process; process wide basally and tapered to an acute point in dorsal and lateral aspect (Figs. 5 - 7); apical half of process darker than base. Epiproct rounded at apex and curved slightly forward in lateral aspect (Fig. 7). Cerci cylindrical, without terminal spine. Paraprocts fused into a caudally projecting process bearing fine striations on surface (Fig. 5); apex notched. Female. Unknown. Larva. Unknown.	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac, Shimizu, Takao (2012): Notes On Rhopalopsole Klapálek (Plecoptera: Leuctridae), With Descriptions Of Three New Species From Vietnam. Illiesia 8 (13): 134-140, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760641
039D5978FFE82D7BFF151BAC94397E90.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species name is based on the diminutive size of the male.	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac, Shimizu, Takao (2012): Notes On Rhopalopsole Klapálek (Plecoptera: Leuctridae), With Descriptions Of Three New Species From Vietnam. Illiesia 8 (13): 134-140, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760641
039D5978FFE82D7BFF151BAC94397E90.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species, an apparent member of the “ magnicerca group ” of Sivec et al. (2008). is similar to R. azun and R. tamdao in having an unforked posterolateral process on tergum 10 and is distinguished from these species by the features discussed above under R. azun.	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac, Shimizu, Takao (2012): Notes On Rhopalopsole Klapálek (Plecoptera: Leuctridae), With Descriptions Of Three New Species From Vietnam. Illiesia 8 (13): 134-140, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760641
039D5978FFE82D7BFF061EAD93B67D06.taxon	description	(Figs. 8 - 11)	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac, Shimizu, Takao (2012): Notes On Rhopalopsole Klapálek (Plecoptera: Leuctridae), With Descriptions Of Three New Species From Vietnam. Illiesia 8 (13): 134-140, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760641
039D5978FFE82D7BFF061EAD93B67D06.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype ♂ and ♀ paratype, Vietnam, Lao Cai, Sapa, large waterfall on road from Sapa to Lai Chau, 7 May 1995, ROM 956015, D. C. Currie, B. Hubley, J. Swann (ROM).	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac, Shimizu, Takao (2012): Notes On Rhopalopsole Klapálek (Plecoptera: Leuctridae), With Descriptions Of Three New Species From Vietnam. Illiesia 8 (13): 134-140, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760641
039D5978FFE82D7BFF061EAD93B67D06.taxon	description	Male. General color in alcohol brown. Head and legs without distinctive pattern, wings pale brown with darker veins. Forewing length 6.0 mm. Vesicle typical of genus, rounded apically and attached to anterior margin of sternum 9 by a narrow pedicel (Fig. 9). Posterior margin of sternum 9 thickened, darkly sclerotized and slightly produced as a pair of narrowly separated lobes (Fig. 8). Tergum 10 with mesal sclerite half rounded and offset from adjacent sclerites by narrow membranous strips. Posterolateral margins of tergum 10 bearing on each side a prominent blade-like process with truncate apex (Figs. 8 - 10). Epiproct curved forward over tergum 10, apex rounded. Cerci curved upwards in lateral aspect, subcylindrical, slightly swollen apically and without apical spine (Fig. 10). Paraprocts fused into a complexly folded, apically swollen structure with fine striations on surface (Figs. 8 - 10); apex broadly triangular without notch. Putative Female. General habitus similar to male. Forewing length 7.0 mm. Sternum 7 prolonged as a narrow, triangular point extending over base of sternum 8. Sclerite on sternum 8 constricted mesally and shaped somewhat like an hour-glass (Fig. 11). Larva. Unknown.	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac, Shimizu, Takao (2012): Notes On Rhopalopsole Klapálek (Plecoptera: Leuctridae), With Descriptions Of Three New Species From Vietnam. Illiesia 8 (13): 134-140, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760641
039D5978FFE82D7BFF061EAD93B67D06.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species name, used as a noun in apposition, is based on the type locality.	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac, Shimizu, Takao (2012): Notes On Rhopalopsole Klapálek (Plecoptera: Leuctridae), With Descriptions Of Three New Species From Vietnam. Illiesia 8 (13): 134-140, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760641
039D5978FFE82D7BFF061EAD93B67D06.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males share the modified posterior margin of tergum 9 with several other species, including R. gladifera Zwick 1977 and R. emishan Sivec & Harper 2008 in Sivec et al. 2008, although in R. sapa these structures appear thicker. In addition, R. sapa is the only known species in which the posterolateral processes of tergum 10 have truncate tips and are thin and blade-like. The female association is based on co-occurrence of male and female at the same site. The subgenital plate outline is generally similar to that of two Japanese species (R. bulbifera Sivec & Shimizu 2008 in Sivec et al. 2008, and R. ebinokogen Sivec & Shimizu 2008 in Sivec et al. 2008), but the relatively wide, mesally constricted sclerite on sternum 8 is typical of R. sapa. The species is an apparent member of the “ magnicerca group ” recognized by Sivec et al. (2008).	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac, Shimizu, Takao (2012): Notes On Rhopalopsole Klapálek (Plecoptera: Leuctridae), With Descriptions Of Three New Species From Vietnam. Illiesia 8 (13): 134-140, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760641
039D5978FFE82D7DFC781D5B94FF79C9.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype ♂, 5 ♂, 5 ♀ paratypes, Japan, Shizuoka Prefecture, Kiyozasa Pass, 24 May 1986, M. Satô (P. Zwick collection). Additional paratypes all from Japan: Oyana-gawa, 800 m, Kaji Zawa-cho, Yamanasi, 29 May 1993, T. Hattari, 3 ♂, 3 ♀ (Lake Biwa Museum). Kanagawa, Yamakita-machi, Yoki-zawa, small tributary, 10 May 1996, T. Shimizu, 8 ♂, 2 ♀ (Lake Biwa Museum). Shizuoka Prefecture, Haruno-San, 26 May 1986, M. Satô 4 ♂ (P. Zwick collection).	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac, Shimizu, Takao (2012): Notes On Rhopalopsole Klapálek (Plecoptera: Leuctridae), With Descriptions Of Three New Species From Vietnam. Illiesia 8 (13): 134-140, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760641
039D5978FFE82D7DFC781D5B94FF79C9.taxon	discussion	Detailed descriptions and figures are available in Sivec et al. 2008, pages 89 - 91. The new name is required because the original descriptions for adults of this species are presented as a species complex description without designation of a holotype. An additional problem occurs in selection of “ longicercia ” as the original specific epithet because R. longicerca Kawai 1968 is rendered as R. longicercia Kawai on page 101 in Sivec et al. (2008).	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac, Shimizu, Takao (2012): Notes On Rhopalopsole Klapálek (Plecoptera: Leuctridae), With Descriptions Of Three New Species From Vietnam. Illiesia 8 (13): 134-140, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760641
039D5978FFE82D7DFC781D5B94FF79C9.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species name refers to the slightly sinuate curvature of the cerci in dorsal and lateral aspect.	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac, Shimizu, Takao (2012): Notes On Rhopalopsole Klapálek (Plecoptera: Leuctridae), With Descriptions Of Three New Species From Vietnam. Illiesia 8 (13): 134-140, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760641
039D5978FFE82D7DFC781D5B94FF79C9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males of this species have a relatively long, acute epiproct, relatively short, unforked lateral processes with swollen bases on tergum 10, long sinuate cerci with terminal, inwardly-directed spine, and an unusual, warty process set near the posteromedian point of tergum 9. This combination of characters is otherwise unknown (Sivec et al. 2008), however as Sivec et al. (2008) indicate, additional, closely related species are expected.	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac, Shimizu, Takao (2012): Notes On Rhopalopsole Klapálek (Plecoptera: Leuctridae), With Descriptions Of Three New Species From Vietnam. Illiesia 8 (13): 134-140, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760641
039D5978FFEE2D7DFC911F2F935D7F5A.taxon	distribution	Vinh Phu	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac, Shimizu, Takao (2012): Notes On Rhopalopsole Klapálek (Plecoptera: Leuctridae), With Descriptions Of Three New Species From Vietnam. Illiesia 8 (13): 134-140, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760641
039D5978FFEE2D7DFC911FA293217FE6.taxon	distribution	Lao Cai	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac, Shimizu, Takao (2012): Notes On Rhopalopsole Klapálek (Plecoptera: Leuctridae), With Descriptions Of Three New Species From Vietnam. Illiesia 8 (13): 134-140, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760641
039D5978FFEE2D7DFC911F8393217E07.taxon	distribution	Lao Cai	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac, Shimizu, Takao (2012): Notes On Rhopalopsole Klapálek (Plecoptera: Leuctridae), With Descriptions Of Three New Species From Vietnam. Illiesia 8 (13): 134-140, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760641
039D5978FFEE2D7DFC911E4593B17E45.taxon	distribution	Province unknown	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac, Shimizu, Takao (2012): Notes On Rhopalopsole Klapálek (Plecoptera: Leuctridae), With Descriptions Of Three New Species From Vietnam. Illiesia 8 (13): 134-140, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760641
039D5978FFEE2D7DFE8F1DE392E779C9.taxon	description	(Fig. 12)	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac, Shimizu, Takao (2012): Notes On Rhopalopsole Klapálek (Plecoptera: Leuctridae), With Descriptions Of Three New Species From Vietnam. Illiesia 8 (13): 134-140, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760641
039D5978FFEE2D7DFE8F1DE392E779C9.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Vietnam: Cao Bang, Ba Be National Park, jct road to Lake Ba Be and trail to ethnic village, 19 May 1995, ROM 956101, D. C. Currie, K. Ciruna, J. Whiting, 1 ♀ (ROM).	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac, Shimizu, Takao (2012): Notes On Rhopalopsole Klapálek (Plecoptera: Leuctridae), With Descriptions Of Three New Species From Vietnam. Illiesia 8 (13): 134-140, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760641
039D5978FFEE2D7DFE8F1DE392E779C9.taxon	description	Male. Unknown. Female. Pigment pattern obscured by teneral specimen condition. Forewing length 6.0 mm. Sternum 7 prolonged as a narrow, apically rounded, tongue-shaped projection; lateral margins of projection sclerotized, median field and apex membranous (Fig. 12). Sternum 8 with a broad, transverse sclerite near posterior margin, and a membranous, hairy basolateral area (Fig. 12). Larva. Unknown.	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac, Shimizu, Takao (2012): Notes On Rhopalopsole Klapálek (Plecoptera: Leuctridae), With Descriptions Of Three New Species From Vietnam. Illiesia 8 (13): 134-140, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760641
039D5978FFEE2D7DFE8F1DE392E779C9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The subgenital plate of this female does not closely match that of any of the known species, however, the projection from sternum 7 is generally similar to that of R. gladifera (Zwick 1977, Sivec et al. 2008), a species known from Bhutan.	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac, Shimizu, Takao (2012): Notes On Rhopalopsole Klapálek (Plecoptera: Leuctridae), With Descriptions Of Three New Species From Vietnam. Illiesia 8 (13): 134-140, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760641
039D5978FFEE2D7DFC911E64935D7E24.taxon	distribution	Vinh Phu	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac, Shimizu, Takao (2012): Notes On Rhopalopsole Klapálek (Plecoptera: Leuctridae), With Descriptions Of Three New Species From Vietnam. Illiesia 8 (13): 134-140, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760641
