identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
038B87F97570FFA09925ACA01CD5FC78.text	038B87F97570FFA09925ACA01CD5FC78.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diura washingtoniana (Hanson 1940)	<div><p>Diura washingtoniana (Hanson, 1940), species propria</p> <p>Presidential Springfly http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Plecoptera.speciesfile.org: TaxonName:502549</p> <p>Figs. 1 - 30</p> <p>Dictyopterygella washingtoniana Hanson 1940:147.</p> <p>Holotype ♂, (USNM), Lakes of the Clouds, Mt. Washington, New Hampshire, USA</p> <p>Diura nanseni Brinck 1949:65, in part</p> <p>Diura nanseni “ subsp. washingtoniana ” Brinck 1954:199</p> <p>Diura nanseni Illies 1966:383, in part</p> <p>Diura nanseni Zwick 1973:228, in part</p> <p>Diura nanseni washingtoniana Hitchcock 1974:230</p> <p>Diura nanseni Stark et al. 1998: 56</p> <p>Diura nanseni Nelson 2001:616, in part</p> <p>Diura nanseni Kondratieff 2004:152, in part</p> <p>Diura nanseni DeWalt et al. 2017 2018: in part</p> <p>Material examined. Specimens of D. washingtoniana examined for this study are consistent with previous descriptions and illustrations (Hanson 1940, Brinck 1954, Hitchcock 1974, and Kondratieff 2004) of this species: USA; New Hampshire; Coos County, Lakes of the Clouds between Mt. Washington and Mt. Monroe, collector unknown, 4 July 1907, 1♂, 1♀ (paratopotypes) (CHNC). Same site, D. Arenburg,</p> <p>17 June 1939, 5♂, 4♀ (paratopotypes) (CHNC). Same site, C.H. Nelson and E.S. Nelson, 27 June 1996, 4 ♂, 11♀, 1 mature larva, 16 exuviae (CHNC), 1♂, 1♀ (BYU), [CRN laboratory photo voucher 4].</p> <p>Adult habitus General color dark chestnut brown in life and in alcohol (Fig. 1, 11-14). The head dorsum exhibits an almost black X-band with an anterior margin that forms a distinct M-line (Figs. 2, 11). Anterior to the M-line is a lighter area that extends onto the clypeus; in some individuals it is shaped as a vague light M-band. Frontoclypeus with small orange-yellow oval-shaped spot near the base of each antenna and mandible. The interocellular area exhibits an orange-yellow subtriangular spot. The vertex and occiput is dark brown with a broad, longitudinal, orange-yellow, median band adjacent to, but clearly separated from, the interocellular area. Pronotum (Figs. 2, 11) dark brown and exhibiting a uniformly wide longitudinal, orangeyellow, median band. Meso- and metathoracic eusterna (Fig. 3) dark brown with lateral areas slightly more darkly pigmented. The mesothoracic sternum (Fig. 3) with a complete sternacostal suture (ss) separating the basisternum (bs) from the furcasternum (fs). Only the first two abdominal segments divided on each side by a pleural membrane into a separate tergum and sternum.</p> <p>Male. Body Length 10.1 – 15.7 (&#119909; = 11.6) mm (n = 10). Macropterous, forewing length 7.0-8.3 (&#119909; = 7.7) mm (n=9). Tergum 8 (Fig. 4) partially divided by a narrow, longitudinal, pale median strip that extends from near the posterior margin to near the anterior margin; setose and bearing a few blunt, stout sensilla basiconica near the hind margin on each side of the median strip. Tergum 9 (Fig. 4)</p> <p>nearly divided by a pale, narrow, longitudinal, lightly sclerotized area that is a U- or V- shaped at the hind margin and extends anteriorly as a narrow strip to near the front margin; setose with a posterior mesal patch of blunt, stout sensilla basiconica on each side of the median strip (Fig. 4). Tergum 10 in dorsal view (Fig. 4, 12) produced posteriorly; anterior half darker; divided by a paler, narrow, longitudinal, lightly sclerotized median strip that from the central broad triangular-shaped area at the posterior margin extends to the anterior margin; setose with a mesal patch of blunt, stout sensilla basiconica on each side of the median strip (Figs. 4, 23). Tergum 10 in lateral view posteromesally somewhat convex (Fig. 5). Epiproct absent. Paraprocts extend from cerci on each side to meet at the median where they abruptly project caudally and are appressed or lie close to each other (Figs. 4, 7). Inner surfaces of paraproct caudal projections membranous with outer surfaces largely sclerotized (Figs. 6, 7) and setose bearing both short as well as long, slender setae. Caudal projections in dorsal and ventral views (Figs. 4, 7, 12) digitate with outer surfaces broadly convex, apices somewhat bulbous; in lateral view (Figs. 5, 6, 13, 24) digitate, appearing boot-like as a result of upturned apices with broadly rounded margins.</p> <p>Female. Body length 11.1 – 16.6 (&#119909; = 14. 7) mm (n = 16). Macropterous, forewing length 8.9 – 11.7 (&#119909; =10.6) mm (n=16). Sternum 8 with mesal area darker than immediate lateral areas. Subgenital plate extends for a short distance over sternum 9 (Figs. 8, 14); shape variable (Fig. 9), lateral margins either broadly rounded or become abruptly narrowed posteriorly, posterior margin either evenly rounded or slightly excavated mesally or truncate; ca 3.1 – 4.4 times as wide as long. Sternum 9 bearing two oblique brown bands (Fig. 8). Spermatheca and vagina (Fig. 10) membranous; elongate spermatheca (s) elongate, somewhat sausage-link-shaped, approximately 2.3X longer than wide; spermathecal duct (sd) approximately 0.8X length of vagina (v); spermatheca and duct bearing accessory glands (ag). Larva. Body length estimated from 1 mature larvae and 16 exuviae 14.5 - 16.5 (&#119909; = 15.5) mm. General body color dark brown patterned with light markings; antennae, legs and cerci light brown. Frontoclypeal region (Fig. 15) dark brown, exhibiting a light anterior margin and a light mesolongitudinal spot just anterior to a transverse, light M-band connecting to the median ocellus. Interocellular region bears a mesal light ovalshaped spot and is bordered on each side by a light longitudinal band that extends toward the median ocellus from the lateral ocellus. Between the light longitudinal band and the antennal base of each side there is a small light round spot just anterior to the frontal suture. Vertex and occiput (Fig. 15) dark brown with two oval light bands adjacent to the eyes and between them a transverse triangularshaped light median band; the three light bands are all patterned with dark brown lines. Labrum (Fig. 15) dark with a mid-anterior light spot bordered on each side by a dark brown band. Left mandible (Fig. 25) bearing three major and three minor teeth arranged as follows from dorsal aspect, a group consisting of one major tooth flanked on each side by a minor tooth, followed by a linear arrangement of a minor tooth and two major teeth; the ventralmost major tooth is the largest; teeth lack serrations; a row of acanthae arises from the bases of the three dorsal teeth. Maxillary lacinia triangular; bidentate (Fig. 26), subapical tooth shorter, approximately one-half length of apical tooth; 2 axillary setae at base of subapical tooth; single marginal seta found just below the subapical tooth; inner margin below teeth forms a pronounced shoulder; shoulder and apical third of inner margin below the shoulder bearing setae; scattered sub-marginal setae present. Gills absent. Pronotum (Fig. 15) with margins light; disc dark brown with light reticulate markings on each side of a light median band; anterior and posterior margins bearing row of short setae interspersed with a few long setae; lateral margins with few or no setae (Fig. 27). Mesothoracic and metathoracic nota (Fig. 16) dark brown and from anterior to posterior bearing four rows of light spots; first row bears two somewhat indistinct spots, the second and third each exhibit four spots and the fourth a single longitudinal band. Wingpads light with elongate dark brown markings. Legs (Fig. 17) with dorsal margins of the femur, tibia, and tarsi fringed with long, silky setae. Femur (Fig. 17) outer surface, except for narrow medial band, bearing numerous short thick setae. Tibia (Fig. 17) outer surface with setae on dorsal and ventral areas. Only abdominal segments 1 &amp; 2 divided by a pleural membrane of each side into separate terga and sterna. Abdominal tergal areas (Fig 18) dark brown, each with anterior transverse row of light spots and a lighter posteromesal region. In lateral view paraprocts of mature male larva (Fig. 22) with apical sections narrow, elongate and turned dorsally; those of mature female larva somewhat pyramidshaped with apices directed posteriorly, not narrowed or elongate. Stout setae lining eighth sternal margin of mature male larva interrupted mesally for a very short distance (Fig. 20); interrupted in the mature female larva for longer distance, approximately 0.3 width of segment (Fig. 21). Cercal segments (Fig. 19) with dorsal margins bearing a fringe of long silky setae; posterior margins bearing a whorl of short setae, beginning with segment 16 posterior margin bearing one or two long setae.</p> <p>Egg. Length ca. 450 µm; width ca. 298 µm (n=1). General shape oval (Fig. 28); cross-section triangular (Fig. 29). Collar ring-shaped and stalked (Fig. 30). Anchor plate is mushroom-type of Isobe (1997), in Fig. 30 somewhat dorsally-ventrally compressed covering the collar margins and bearing globular processes. Chorionic surface dotted with numerous, slightly raised, similar-sized rounded protuberances (Figs. 28-30).</p> <p>Diagnosis. D. washingtoniana is distinguished by the following combination of features: (1) male tergum 8 partially divided by a narrow, membranous, pale median strip extending from near the posterior margin to near the anterior margin; (2) male tergum 9 nearly divided by a pale, narrow, longitudinal, lightly sclerotized area that is a U- or V- shaped at the hind margin and extends anteriorly as a narrow strip to near the front margin; (3) male tergum 10 divided by a narrow, membranous, pale median strip that from the central, broad membranous triangular-shaped area at the hind margin extends uninterrupted to the front margin; (4) male terga 8 – 10 bearing patches of blunt, stout sensilla basiconica; (5) male paraproct caudal projections in dorsal view with convex outer surfaces; (6) apices of male paraproct caudal projections broadly rounded and upturned to appear boot-like in lateral view.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038B87F97570FFA09925ACA01CD5FC78	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Nelson, Charles H.;Nelson, C. Riley	Nelson, Charles H., Nelson, C. Riley (2018): Diura Washingtoniana (Hanson) Resurrected From Synonymy With D. Nanseni (Kempny) (Plecoptera: Perlodidae), Supplemented With A Description Of The Larva And Egg And Comparison To Other Congeners. Illiesia 14 (1): 1-29, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4761152
038B87F9757AFFA59B55ACA31D35FE71.text	038B87F9757AFFA59B55ACA31D35FE71.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diura nanseni (Kempny 1900)	<div><p>Diura nanseni (Kempny, 1900)</p> <p>Arctic Springfly http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Plecoptera.speciesfile.org: TaxonName:927</p> <p>Figs. 31-45, 74-77</p> <p>Isogenus nanseni Kempny 1900:90,</p> <p>type (s) not designated, Northland County (Susundalen, 1♂; Skarmodalen 1♂; Vefsen 1♂; Braendmo, 1♀), Norway</p> <p>Diura nanseni Brinck 1949:65</p> <p>Diura nanseni (f. typica) Brinck 1954:199</p> <p>Diura nanseni Illies 1966: 383, in part</p> <p>Diura nanseni Zwick 1973:228, in part</p> <p>Diura nanseni DeWalt et al. 2018, in part</p> <p>Material examined. Specimens of D. nanseni examined for this study are consistent with previous descriptions and illustrations of this species (Kempny 1900, Klapálek 1912, Bengtsson 1933 (as Dictyopterygella subfissa – vide Brinck 1949), Brinck 1949, 1952, Lillehammer 1974, 1988), Russia; Russian Far East: Amur River Basin, Zeya River Basin, Selemdzh River, near Fevral’sk, V. Teslenko, 14 June 2004. 1♂, 1♀ (RASC); Sweden; Fulufjället National Park, Njupeskär waterfall, P. Brinck, 11 July 1927, 2♂, 4♀ (CHNC). Lu. Lpm. Kvikkjokk (CRN: interpreted as Lule River of Lappmarken region), P. Brinck, 25 June 1944, 1♂, 1♀ (BYU), [CRN laboratory photo voucher D36].</p> <p>Adult habitus. In life general color dark brown to black (Kempny 1900), when preserved in alcohol coffee or tan brown (Figs 40-45). Head dorsum with a dark brown X-band on frons (Figs. 31, 40); M-line less distinct than that of D. washingtoniana; small oval-shaped light spot near base of the antennae of each side; interocellular area with sub-triangular light spot; vertex and occiput with a transverse, light, median band adjacent to, but separated from, the interocellular spot. Markings on head, pronotum, and meso- and metaeusterna (Figs. 31, 32) similar to those of D. washingtoniana. A complete sternacostal suture (Fig. 32 ss) is present as well. As in D. washingtoniana, only abdominal segments 1 &amp; 2 divided by the pleural membrane of each side into separate terga and sterna.</p> <p>Male. Body length of D. nanseni (Lillehammer 1974) generally smaller than D. washingtoniana, approximately 0.5 to 0.9X the length of the latter. Macropterous, forewing length (Lillehammer 1974) similar to D. washingtoniana. However, micropterous populations are reported from Norway (Lillehammmer 1974, Saltveit and Brittain 1986) and Mongolia’s Bayanhkongor province (Raušer 1968). In the latter case specimens are likely D. bicaudata as this species has been found in this province (see Material Examined section for D. bicaudata below). Tergum 8 (Fig. 33) with a median line of lightly sclerotized spots; setose but lacking blunt, stout sensilla basiconica. Tergum 9 pattern of sclerotization differs from D. washingtoniana in that the small mesal, shallow, U-shaped area at the hind margin (Fig. 33) is separated by a short distance from the anteriorly located narrow, longitudinal, lightly sclerotized median strip; setose but lacking blunt, stout sensilla basiconica (Figs. 34, 74). Tergum 10 pattern of sclerotization as well as the distribution of setae and blunt, stout sensilla basiconica similar to those exhibited by D. washingtoniana (Fig. 33). Epiproct also absent. Paraproct caudal projections in dorsal and ventral views (Figs. 33, 36, 41, 44) with outer surfaces more convex than those of D. washingoniana; setose with both short as well as long, slender setae; in lateral view (Figs. 34, 35, 42, 45, 75) they resemble a Bowie knife blade in that the apical frontodorsal margins are noticeably ‘clipped out’, terminating in broadly rounded short tips that, unlike those of D. washingtoniana, are not bulbous or so sharply upturned as to appear boot-like.</p> <p>Female. Body length (Lillehammer 1974) approximately 0.75 to 0.95X the length of D. washingtoniana. Macropterous, forewing length (Lillehammer 1974) similar to D. washingoniana. Subgenital plate shape variable (Figs. 37, 38, 43) (Brinck 1949, Lillehammer 1974); somewhat narrower than that of D. washingtoniana, ca 2.0 – 2.5X wider than long. Spermatheca and vagina similar to those of D. washingtoniana (Fig. 39), spermatheca (s) appears somewhat more elongate, approximately</p> <p>3.5X longer than wide; spermathecal duct (sd) 0.9X</p> <p>length of vagina (v); spermatheca and duct bearing accessory glands (ag).</p> <p>Larva. Originally described by Brinck (1949), other descriptive information provided by Brinck (1952), Saltveit (1978), and Lillehammer (1988). Similar to that of D. washingtoniana, including pronotum lateral margins with few or no spinulae.</p> <p>Egg. Initially described by Lillehammer (1988, fig. 76) and nearly identical to D. washingtoniana.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038B87F9757AFFA59B55ACA31D35FE71	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Nelson, Charles H.;Nelson, C. Riley	Nelson, Charles H., Nelson, C. Riley (2018): Diura Washingtoniana (Hanson) Resurrected From Synonymy With D. Nanseni (Kempny) (Plecoptera: Perlodidae), Supplemented With A Description Of The Larva And Egg And Comparison To Other Congeners. Illiesia 14 (1): 1-29, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4761152
038B87F9757FFFB99B47AE671D81F87F.text	038B87F9757FFFB99B47AE671D81F87F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diura bicaudata (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Diura bicaudata (Linnaeus, 1758)</p> <p>Lapland Springfly http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Plecoptera.speciesfile.org: TaxonName:934</p> <p>Figs. 46-60, 76-77</p> <p>Phryganea bicaudata Linnaeus 1758: 548,</p> <p>type (s) not designated, Europe</p> <p>Phryganea bicaudata Linnaeus 1767: 908</p> <p>Diura bicaudata Billberg 1820: 96</p> <p>Diura bicaudata Brinck 1949:61</p> <p>Diura bicaudata Illies 1966: 381</p> <p>Diura nanseni Raušer 1968: 357</p> <p>Diura bicaudata Zwick 1973: 227</p> <p>Diura bicaudata Judson and Nelson, 2012:42</p> <p>Diura majuscula Judson and Nelson 2012:42</p> <p>Diura bicaudata DeWalt et al. 2018</p> <p>Material examined. Photographs of the dorsal aspect of the Linnaean collection pinned specimen of this species are available at the Linnean Society of London (2017). The specimen is macropterous and is likely a female as European males are usually micropterous. Specimens of D. bicaudata examined for this study are consistent with previous descriptions and illustrations of this species (Klapálek 1909, 1912 (as Dictyopterygella recta, Dictyopterygella septentrionis – vide Brinck 1949), Hanson 1940 (as Dictyopterygella hudsonica - vide Brinck 1949), Hynes 1940 (as Dictyopterygella recta – vide Brinck 1949), 1941, Brinck 1949, 1954, Koponen 1949 (as Dictyopterygella recta – vide Brinck 1949), Illies 1955, Raušer 1966, Lillehammer 1974, 1988, Stewart &amp; Oswood 2006). In the following listing macropterous males are indicated, otherwise micropterous: Canada; Nunavut; Baker Lake, 64°N, 95°W, Dutilly, 10 August 1936, 1♂ [Holotype Dictyopterygella hudsonica] (USNM). Germany; Rhön, Upper reaches of Ulster River, P. Zwick, 9 May 1971 (PZC) Isle of Man; Llergyrhemy, Headwaters of Sulby River, N.S. Jones &amp; H.B.N. Hynes, 7 June 1951, 1♂ (USNM). Headwaters of Sulby River, H.B.N. Hynes &amp; N.S. Jones, 26 July 1949 &amp; 7 June 1951, 14 larvae (USNM). Silver Burn, N.S. Jones, 3 May 1951, 1♀ (USNM). River Neb, Glen Hellen, 220, H.B.N. Hynes, 10 April 1949, 3 larvae (USNM). Ballaguine stream, G67, H.B.N. Hynes, 25 July 1949, 2 larvae (USNM). Mongolia; Arkhangay: Bulgan Soum, Gol braid upstream of bridge ~ 63 km SW of Tsetserleg, N47.11192°, E101.01048°, elev. 2066 m, Selenge River Project Team, 13-15 July 2004, 1♂ [macropterous] (BYU) [CRN laboratory photo voucher D11]. Bulgan Soum, Urd Tamir Gol braid upstream of bridge ~ 63 km SW of Tsetserleg, N47.11192°, E101.01048°, elev. 2066 m, Selenge River Project Team, 13-15 July 2004, 1♂ [macropterous] (BYU). Bulgan Soum, Urd Tamir Gol ~ 50 km SW of Tsetserleg, N47.21109°, E101.07947°, elev. 1962 m, Selenge River Project Team, 13 July 2004, 2♀ (BYU) [CRN laboratory photo voucher D22]. Chuluut Soum, Khuurmen/Davaat Gol 15 km SSE of Chuluut/Jargalant N47.42580°, E100.30130°, elev. 2104 m, Selenge River Project Team 15-16 July 2004, 2♀ (BYU), [CRN laboratory photo voucher D21]. Chuluut Soum, Chuluutin Gol ~ 45 km SW of Chuluut/Jargalant N47.21768°, E99.92824°, elev. 2471 m, 16 July 2008, Selenge River Project Team SRP2004071602, 1♀ (BYU) [CRN laboratory photo voucher D14]. Bayankhongor: Gurvanbulag Soum, Khokh Nuur (Blue Lake) N47.53° E 97.53°, 2600m, Yu Marusik, 7-10 June 1997, 2♂, 2♀ (RASC). Bayan Olgiy; Bulgan Soum, “Ulaagchiny Davaa Gol”, unnamed stream, ~ 50 km SSE Deluun N 47.45456° E 90.92342°, 2631 msl, 6 July 2009, S.W. Judson &amp; C.R. Nelson #9234, 2♀, MAIS2009070601, (BYU) [CRN laboratory photo voucher D13]. Bulgan Soum, Khar Nuur (Black Lake), ~ 50 km NNW Bulgan N 47.24133° E 90.75316°, 2563 msl, 7 July 2009, S.W. Judson &amp; C.R. Nelson #9239, 2♂ 4♀, MAIS2009070703, (BYU). [CRN laboratory photo voucher D23]. Bulgan Soum, Bulgan Gol, ~ 15 km N Bulgan N47.03954° E91.03448° elev. 2010 m, 8 &amp; 9 July 2009, S.W. Judson, Mongolian Aquatic Insect Survey, MAIS2009070803, 1♀ (BYU), [CRN laboratory photo voucher D29]. Bulgan Soum, Turgen Gol, ~ 40 km NNW Bulgan, N47.18333° E91.77660° elev. 2492 m, Mongolian Aquatic Insect Survey, 7-8 July 2009, 1♂ 2♀, MAIS2009070705 (BYU), [CRN laboratory photo voucher D17]. Bulgan Soum, Turgen Gol, ~ 40 km NNW Bulgan, N47.18333° E90.77660° elev. 2492 m, S.W. Judson, Mongolian Aquatic Insect Survey, 7-8 July 2009, 5♀ (BYU), [CRN laboratory photo voucher D26]. Deluun Soum, Gantsmodi Gol 27 km S Deluun, N47.66395° E90.7181°, elev. 2196 m, 5 - 6 July 2009, S.W. Judson &amp; C.R. Nelson #9231 &amp; MAIS Team MAIS2009070502, 3♂ 1♀ (BYU), [CRN laboratory photo voucher D15]. Deluun Soum, Gantsmodi Gol 33 km S Deluun, N47.62447°, E90.67194°, elev. 2241, 5 July 2009, S. W. Judson &amp; C.R. Nelson #9230, Mongolian Aquatic Insect Survey, MAIS2009070501, 1♂, 2♀ (BYU), [CRN laboratory photo voucher D18]. Deluun Soum, Gantsmodi Gol 33 km S Deluun, N47.62447° E90.67194°, elev. 2241 m, 5 July 2009, S. Chuluunbat, Mongolia Aquatic Insect Survey MAIS2009070501, 1♀ (BYU), [CRN laboratory photo voucher D25]. Deluun Soum, Buyant Gol 46 km SE Deluun, N47.60915°, E91.13574°, elev. 1947 m, 4 July 2009, S.W. Judson &amp; C.R. Nelson # 9227, Mongolian Aquatic Insect Survey, MAIS2009070404, 1♂ (BYU), [CRN laboratory photo voucher D27]. Tsengel Soum, Syrgali Gol, Bagakhatuugiin Lake junction Ikh Khatuugiin Gol N49.04586° E88.50939° elev. 2385 m, 13 July 2008, C.R. Nelson #8993, 1♀ (BYU), [CRN laboratory photo voucher D3]. Tsengel Soum, Khoton Lake, 15 km NW of Syrgal, N48.66718° E88.29908°, elev. 2090 m, C.R. Nelson, 14 July 2008 1♀ (BYU), [CRN laboratory photo voucher D7]. Tsengel Soum, Khoton Lake, 15 km NW of Syrgal, N48.66718° E88.299908°, elev. 2090 m, C.R. Nelson, 14 July 2008, 1♂, 1♀ (BYU), [CRN laboratory photo voucher D4]. Tsengel Soum, Khoton Lake, 15 km NW of Syrgal, N48.66718° E88.29908°, elev. 2090 m, C.R. Nelson, 14 July 2008 1♀ (BYU), [CRN laboratory photo voucher D5]. Tsengel Soum, Syrgali Gol, bridge over outflow between Khoton Nuur and Khurgen Nuur at Syrgal, N49.59925° E88.43707°, elev. 2095m, 16 July 2008 P. Sigitas, MAIS 2008071603, 2♂ (BYU), [CRN laboratory photo voucher D8]. Tsengel Soum, Syrgali Gol, bridge over outflow between Khoton Nuur and Khurgen Nuur at Syrgal, N49.59925° E88.43707° elev. 2095 m, 16 July 2008, C.R. Nelson #9005, MAIS 2008071603, 1♂, 2♀ (BYU), [CRN laboratory photo voucher D2]. Hovsgol: Ulaan Uul Soum, Gunain Gol, 12 km SW of Ulaan Uul, N 50.61826° E 99.12094°, elev. 1761 m, 29 June 2006, C.R. Nelson #8465, Selenge River Project Team SRP2006062903, 1♂ {macropterous} (BYU), [CRN laboratory photo voucher D12]. Ulaan Uul Soum, Hugin Gol at toll bridge, 46.8km N of Ulaan Uul town, N 51.09845° E 99.32051°, elev. 1557 m, 1 July 2006, C.R. Nelson #8475, Selenge River Project Team SRP 2006070101, 1♂ {macropterous} (BYU), [CRN laboratory photo voucher D28]. Renchinlhumbe Soum, Jarin Gol 32.8 km N of Renchinlhumbe N51.39852°, E99.75011° elev. 1575 m, C.R. Nelson #8481, 3 July 2006, 1♀ (BYU), [CRN laboratory photo voucher D6]. Ovorhangay: Bat-Olziy Soum, Orkhon Gol ~ 34 km W of Khujirt N46.89303°, E102.39457°, elev. 1610 m, Selenge River Project Team, 06 July 2004, 1♀ (BYU) [CRN laboratory photo voucher D19]. Tov: Erdene Soum, Gorkhi Terelj National Park, Gultain Gol at road crossing 19.1 km upstream of Tuul River Bridge, N48.09720°, E107.9199° elev. 1551 m, 1 July 2002, Suvdaa Chuluunbat, E. Sanaa, 1♂ {macropterous} (BYU), [CRN laboratory photo voucher D9]. Erdene Soum, Gorkhi Terelj National Park, Tuul River 10.1 km upstream of Tuul River Bridge N48.09549°, E107.84265°, elev. 1531m, 8 July 2003, Selenge River Basin Insect Survey Team, SRBIS03070801 Gelhaus #903 1♂ {macropterous} 1♀ (BYU), [CRN laboratory photo voucher D10]. Erdene Soum, Gorkhi Terelj National Park, unnamed tributary of Tuul River on its E side 8.5 km downstream of Galtain Gol N48.09720° E107.84928°, elev. 1542m, E. Sanaa., 8 July 2003, 1♀ (BYU), [CRN laboratory photo voucher D 20]. Erdene Soum, Gorkhi Terelj National Park, Terelj River, just above Terelj, N47.99158° E107.46717°, elev. 1516 m, 28 June 2008, C.R. Nelson #8949, 1♀ (BYU), [CRN laboratory photo voucher D24]. Zavkhan; Ider Soum, Dogshin/Nogoon Nuur ~ 21 km SE of Zuummod/Ider N48.06257° E97.55064°, elev. 2054m, Selenge River Project Team, 23= 24 July 2004, 2♀ (BYU), [CRN laboratory photo voucher D16]. Sweden; Torne Träsk, Abisko, H.B.N. Hynes, 30 July 1968, 7♂, 11♀ (USNM). United Kingdom; England; Fisher Gill, 1300 – 1500’ [400 – 461 m], H.B.N. Hynes, 13 May 1940, 1♂, 1♀ (USNM). Cumberland, Whelpside Gill, 2000’ [616 m], T.T. Macon, 20 May 1940, 2♂, 1♀ (USNM). Cumberland, Whelpside Gill, 2000 – 2800’ [616 – 862m], T.T.M. &amp; J.M., May 1940 &amp; May &amp; June 1953, 37 larvae (USNM). Cumberland, Wastwater,</p> <p>H.B.N. Hynes, 7, 12 May 1940, 2♂, 2♀ (USNM). Cumberland, Ennerdale, H.B.N. Hynes, April 1939, 14♂, 12♀, 11 exuviae (USNM). Cumberland, Ennerdale water, collector unknown, 17 April 1939, 14 larvae (USNM). Cumberland, Stake Pass, 1540’ [474m], W.E. Frost, 4 May 1940, 1♀ (USNM). Cumberland, Derwent Water, 15, H.B.N. Hynes, 2 October 1939, 7 larvae (USNM). Cumberland, Ullswater, H.B.N. Hynes, 1939, 28 larvae (USNM). Westmoreland, Windermere, H.B.N. Hynes, 22 April 1939, 23 May 1940 &amp; 2 June 1941, 26♂, 18♀ (USNM). Westmoreland, Scandale Beck, 1400’ [431m], 71, H.B.N. Hynes, 30 April 1940, 1♂, 1♀ (USNM). Westmoreland, Brothers Water, H.B.N. Hynes, 8 August 1939, 10 larvae (USNM). Westmoreland, Rydal Beck, 2000’ [616m], 102, H.B.N. Hynes, 12 August 1940, 4 larvae (USNM). Scotland; Argyle; L. Triochatan (Pass of Glencoe), W. D.W., 24 May 1959, 1♂, 2♀ (USNM). Caithness, Loch Shurrery, W.E. Frost, 3 May 1939, 1♂, 2♀, 2 exuviae (USNM). Selkirk, St. Mary’ s Loch, 22 March 1955, H.B.N. Hynes, 36 larvae (USNM). Mid Perth, Loch Rannoch, H.B.N. Hynes, 30 March 1955, 29 larvae (USNM). North Sutherland, Allt na a Bhathaich, Quinag, 1500 – 1750’ [461 – 539m], 28 August 1957, 224294, H.B.N. Hynes, 3 larvae (USNM). East Ross, L. Garve, H.B.N. Hynes, 25 March 1955, 16 larvae (USNM). Scotland, South Sutherland, “ L. Assynt &amp; L. Borralan ” or England, South Somerset, H.B.N. Hynes, 28 March 1955, 6 larvae (USNM). Wales; Caernarvon, Llyn Idwal, 225, H.B.N. Hynes, 1 July 1949, 9 larvae (USNM). Merioneth, Afon Hirnant, H.B.N. Hynes, 1955/1956, 132 larvae (USNM).</p> <p>Adult habitus. General color in alcohol similar to that of D. washingtoniana. Markings on head, pronotum, and meso- and metaeusterna (Figs. 46, 47, 55) similar to D. washingtoniana. However, Brinck (1949) reports that head coloration is variable. A well-developed sternacostal suture (Fig. 47 ss), as observed in D. washingtoniana (Fig. 3) and D. nanseni (Fig. 32), is present in D. bicaudata. Male. Body length (Lillehammer 1974, Stewart and Oswood 2006) similar to that of D. washingtoniana. Typically micropterous (Lillehammer 1974) but Brinck (1949) concluded that several populations with macropterous males are actually this species. In this study Mongolian populations with micropterous males exhibiting wings terminating prior to the 2 nd abdominal segment or reaching the mid-section of the abdomen as well as populations with macropterous males exhibiting wings reaching the abdominal apex or beyond are considered to be this species as well. Tergum 8 (Fig. 48) bearing a narrow, longitudinal, lightly sclerotized median strip; setose but lacking short, stout sensilla basiconica. Tergum 9 similar to that of D. nanseni in that the hind margin (Fig. 48) exhibits a broad, lightly sclerotized, median Ushaped area separated by a short distance from a more anteriorly located narrow, longitudinal, lightly sclerotized median band; presence of mesal patches of short, stout sensilla basiconica similar to D. washingtoniana. Tergum 10 with median, pale, longitudinal lightly sclerotized strip interrupted mesally by darkly sclerotized band connecting the adjacent tergal halves (Fig. 48); distribution of setae and sensilla basiconica similar to that of D. washingtoniana and D. nanseni. Epiproct also absent. Paraproct caudal projections in dorsal and ventral view (Figs. 48, 50, 51, 56) with outer surfaces somewhat flattened, not robustly convex as are those in D. washingtoniana and D. nanseni, setal lengths variable but generally shorter than those of preceding species; in lateral view (Figs. 49, 50, 57, 59, 60) subtriangular, tapering to narrowly rounded apical margins</p> <p>Female. Body length (Lillehammer 1974) similar to D. washingtoniana. Macropterous, forewing length (Lillehammer 1974) similar to D. washingtoniana. Sternum 9 bearing two oblique brown bands (Figs. 52). Subgenital plate shape variable (Figs. 53, 58) (Brinck 1949, Lillehammer 1974); plate width overlaps that of D. nanseni but can be wider, ca 2.3 – 6.5X wider than long. Vagina and spermatheca membranous; spermatheca (Fig. 54 s) ovoid or eggshaped, nearly as long as wide (1.3x longer than wide); spermathecal duct (sd) 0.5x length of vagina; spermatheca and duct bearing accessory glands (ag).</p> <p>Larva. Originally described by Hynes (1941), other information provided by Brinck (1949, 1952), Illies (1955), Hynes (1958) and Lillehammer (1988). Closely similar to D. washingtoniana, except that the lateral pronotal margins are lined with a row of short spinulae and a few longer hairs at the posterolateral corners (Fig. 77).</p> <p>Egg. First illustrated by Lillehammer (1988) and nearly identical to D. washingtoniana and D. nanseni (Fig. 78).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038B87F9757FFFB99B47AE671D81F87F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Nelson, Charles H.;Nelson, C. Riley	Nelson, Charles H., Nelson, C. Riley (2018): Diura Washingtoniana (Hanson) Resurrected From Synonymy With D. Nanseni (Kempny) (Plecoptera: Perlodidae), Supplemented With A Description Of The Larva And Egg And Comparison To Other Congeners. Illiesia 14 (1): 1-29, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4761152
038B87F97562FFBA9B57AE2F1F7FF9A9.text	038B87F97562FFBA9B57AE2F1F7FF9A9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diura knowltoni (Frison 1937)	<div><p>Diura knowltoni (Frison, 1937)</p> <p>Nearctic Springfly</p> <p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Plecoptera.speciesfile.org: TaxonName:932</p> <p>Figs. 61–73, 79–81</p> <p>Dictyopterygella knowltoni Frison 1937:89.</p> <p>Holotype ♂,</p> <p>Logan, Utah.</p> <p>Diura (Dolkrila) knowltoni Ricker 1952:138</p> <p>Diura knowltoni Illies 1966:383</p> <p>Diura knowltoni Zwick 1973:228</p> <p>Diura knowltoni DeWalt et al. 2018</p> <p>Material examined. Specimens of D. knowltoni examined for this study conform with previous descriptions and illustrations of this species (Frison 1937, 1942, Jewett 1959, Gaufin et al. 1966, Gaufin et al. 1972, Baumann et al. 1977, Stark and Szczytko 1984, Stark et al. 1988, Stewart and Oswood 2006): Canada; Alberta: Oldham River, Highway 22 north of Lundbreck, Baumann &amp; Liu, 4♂, 3♀ (BYU). USA; Colorado; Mineral County, Pass Creek, 46° F, elev. 3048 m, Ross &amp; Ross, 14 June 1954, 4♂, 5♀ (BYU), [CRN laboratory photo voucher D33]. Summit Co., Blue River, S. of Breckenridge, B.C. Kondratieff, 5 June 1990, 2♂, 3♀, 2 larvae (CHNC). Larimer Co., Fall River Pass, near Estes Park, C.P. Alexander, 19 August 1934, 1♀ (CHNC). Montana; Ponderosa Co., South Fork of Sun River, Lewis and Clark National Forest, R. M. Duffield, 15 July 2000, 1♀ (CHNC). Utah; Cache Co., Logan Canyon, R. E. Nye, 23 April 1938, 1♂ (CHNC). Emery Co., Huntington Creek, Stewart Stn, 6 June 1975, 5♂, 4♀ (BYU), [CRN laboratory photo voucher D34] Wyoming; Grand Teton National Park, Pilgrim Creek at junction US Highway 89&amp; 287, 1 mile S Colter Bay 6800’, J.W. Richardson &amp; S.L. Jensen, 1♂, 3♀ (BYU), [CRN laboratory photo voucher D35].</p> <p>Adult habitus. General color dark brown to black in life (Stark et al. 1998). Markings on head and pronotum similar to D. washingtoniana and D. bicaudata, except that the sub-triangular yellow interocellular spot is broadly continuous with the longitudinal, yellow median band of the vertex and occiput (Figs. 61, 70). Meso- and metaeusterna yellow with lateral areas dark brown (Fig. 62). Mesothoracic sternum with an incomplete sternacostal suture separating the basisternum from the furcasternum (Fig. 62).</p> <p>Male. Body length longer than D. nanseni, similar to D. washingtoniana and D. bicaudata. Macropterous, forewing length similar to D. washingtoniana and D. nanseni. Tergum 8 (Fig. 63) exhibits a broad chaliceshaped light-colored area; setose, lacking short, stout sensilla basiconica. Tergum 9 (Fig. 63) similar to that of D. washingtoniana in that it is nearly divided by a longitudinal, lightly sclerotized median band that extends from the posterior margin to near the anterior margin; setose and on each side of the mesal band exhibits a semicircular area of short, stout sensilla basiconica; immediately laterad of each sensilla basiconica patch there is a broad light-colored band. Tergum 10 pattern of sclerotization similar to D. bicaudata – the median pale, longitudinal, lightly sclerotized strip is interrupted mesally by a darkly sclerotized band connecting the adjacent darkly sclerotized tergal halves; setose with a single, mesal patch of a few short, stout sensilla basiconica. Epiproct also absent. Each paraproct caudal projection in dorsal and ventral views with its outer surface exhibiting a bluntly pointed protuberance (Figs. 63, 65, 66, 71); setal lengths generally less than those of D. washingtoniana and D. nanseni; in lateral view (Figs. 64, 65, 72) the caudal projection of each side is somewhat sub-triangular and tapers to a bluntly pointed apical margin.</p> <p>Female. Body length longer than D. nanseni, similar to D. washingtoniana and D. bicaudata. Macropterous, forewing length similar to preceding species. Sternum 9 bearing two oblique brown bands (Fig. 67). Subgenital plate similar to preceding species by exhibiting variable shapes (Figs. 68. 73), ca. 3.8 – 4.6x wider than long. Vagina and spermatheca membranous; spermatheca (Fig. 45 s), similar to that of D. bicaudata, ovoid or egg-shaped, nearly as long as wide (1.3x longer than wide); spermathecal duct (sd) 0.5x length of vagina (v); spermatheca and duct bearing accessory glands (ag).</p> <p>Larva. Originally described by Frison (1942), other information provided by Stewart and Stark (1984, 2002, 2008) and Stark et al. (1998). Similar to preceding species except that abdominal tergites have broad areas of light color giving the impression that the larva is yellow to light brown with dark brown markings, spinulae pattern of pronotal margins (Fig. 79) similar to D. washingtoniana and D. nanseni.</p> <p>Egg. Initially described by Knight et al. (1965). Collar forms a Y-shaped, triradiate ridge (Stark &amp; Szczytko 1984). Anchor uniquely comprised of three rounded mushroom-shaped plates each located between the arms of the ridged collar (Figs. 80, 81). Chorionic surface similar to preceding three species (Figs. 80, 81).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038B87F97562FFBA9B57AE2F1F7FF9A9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Nelson, Charles H.;Nelson, C. Riley	Nelson, Charles H., Nelson, C. Riley (2018): Diura Washingtoniana (Hanson) Resurrected From Synonymy With D. Nanseni (Kempny) (Plecoptera: Perlodidae), Supplemented With A Description Of The Larva And Egg And Comparison To Other Congeners. Illiesia 14 (1): 1-29, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4761152
038B87F97560FFBD9ADFA9DF1D3FF868.text	038B87F97560FFBD9ADFA9DF1D3FF868.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diura Billburg 1820	<div><p>Key to the adults of Diura</p> <p>(D. majuscula not included)</p> <p>Males</p> <p>1 Light medial band of tergum 10 complete (Figs 4, 33); apical half of paraproct caudal projections in profile appearing somewhat finger-like (Figs. 5, 6, 34, 35)........................................................................... 2</p> <p>1’ Light medial band of tergum 10 incomplete, mesally interrupted by a darkly sclerotized transverse strip connecting the adjacent tergal halves (Figs. 48, 63); paraproct caudal projections in profile appearing as a right triangle, apical halves not appearing finger-like (Figs. 49, 50, 57, 59, 60, 64, 65, 72) ………….....................................................….. 3</p> <p>2 Paraproct caudal projections in profile with apical frontodorsal margins not excavated, terminate in abruptly upturned, slightly bulbous tips that provide a boot-like appearance (Figs. 5, 6, 13, 24); tergum 9 with a noticeable mesal patch of sensilla basiconica (Fig. 4, 23); known distribution northeastern Nearctic realm, New Hampshire and possibly Quebec ………………… D. washingtoniana</p> <p>2’ Paraproct caudal projections in profile resemble a Bowie knife blade in that the apical frontodorsal margins are noticeably ‘clipped out’ or excavated, terminate in broadly rounded tips that are not bulbous or so sharply upturned as to appear bootlike (Figs. 34, 35, 42, 45, 75); tergum 9 lacks a mesal patch of sensilla basiconica (Figs. 33, 74); known distribution Palearctic realm.................… D. nanseni</p> <p>3 Paraproct caudal projections in dorsal or ventral view lack a bluntly pointed protuberance at midlength (Figs. 48, 49, 50, 51, 56); mesothoracic sternum with a complete sternacostal suture separating the basisternum from furcasternum (Fig. 47 ss); known distribution northern Holarctic ………………............................................. D. bicaudata</p> <p>3’ Paraproct caudal projections in dorsal or ventral view each with a bluntly pointed protuberance at midlength (Figs. 63, 65, 66, 71); mesothoracic sternum with an incomplete sternacostal suture (Fig. 62); known distribution higher elevations of western North America………...……… D. knowltoni</p> <p>Females</p> <p>1 Spermatheca elongate, somewhat sausage-linkshaped (Figs. 10, 39 s), length greater than 2X width..………………………………………………………...2</p> <p>1’ Spermatheca ovoid, somewhat egg-shaped (Figs. 54, 69 s), length approximately 1.3X width..…….…………………………………………………. 3</p> <p>2 Known distribution eastern Nearctic realm, New Hampshire and possibly Quebec …………… …………………………..…………. D. washingtoniana</p> <p>2’ Known distribution Palearctic realm. D. nanseni</p> <p>3 Mesothoracic sternum with a complete sternacostal suture separating the basisternum from furcasternum (Fig. 47 ss); egg collar ring-shaped and stalked (Fig. 78) …………………… D. bicaudata</p> <p>3’ Mesothoracic sternum with an incomplete sternacostal suture (Fig. 62); egg collar in dorsal view a Y-shaped triradiate ridge (Figs. 80, 81) ……………………………………….…... D. knowltoni</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038B87F97560FFBD9ADFA9DF1D3FF868	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Nelson, Charles H.;Nelson, C. Riley	Nelson, Charles H., Nelson, C. Riley (2018): Diura Washingtoniana (Hanson) Resurrected From Synonymy With D. Nanseni (Kempny) (Plecoptera: Perlodidae), Supplemented With A Description Of The Larva And Egg And Comparison To Other Congeners. Illiesia 14 (1): 1-29, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4761152
