taxonID	type	description	language	source
2222A403FFA39357FC166EA9FC63DBDF.taxon	description	(Figs. 1 - 3)	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac (2015): New Species And Records Of Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) From India. Illiesia 11 (7): 75-91, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760954
2222A403FFA39357FC166EA9FC63DBDF.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype ♂, INDIA: Karnataka, Agumbe Ghats, 13 ° 29.386 ’ N, 75 ° 04.537 ’ E, 9 October 2004, G. Svenson, light trap (USNM). Adult habitus. General color yellow-brown. Head mostly yellow but with small brown spot between ocelli; lappets and antennae pale brown. Pronotal pattern obscured by specimen condition, but disc yellow-brown with slightly darker rugosities (Fig. 1). Femora pale yellow brown, tibiae similar, but with a small, dark proximal area. Wings pale amber, veins brown except pale C, Sc and apical 2 / 3 of R vein. Male. Forewing length 7.5 mm. Hemitergal processes of tergum 10 wide basally and relatively short (Fig. 2). Process of tergum 7 triangular in outline, but with rounded apex bearing 3 - 4 large, spine-like sensilla basiconica. Tergum 8 with a low mound-like mesal sclerite bearing a cluster of ca. 14 small sensilla basiconica; membranous areas adjacent to mesal sclerite with a few scattered sensilla basiconica. Tergum 9 bearing a median and two small adjacent sublateral sensilla basiconica patches set on small sclerites. Aedeagal tube sclerotized and armed with three small patches of spines on each side (Fig. 3); dorsomedian patches consist of angled rows of ca. 3 spines, lateromedian patches, located ventrad to dorsomedian patches, consist of a single larger forked spine and several small spines, and lateroapical patches include ca. 7, somewhat scattered spines (Fig. 3). Aedeagal sac membranous, not fully everted in Fig. 3, but similar to tube in length and armed along dorsolateral surface for most of length with ca. 6 rows of spines; number of rows reduced distally and a ventral row of smaller spines begins near midlength (near apex of partially everted sac in Fig. 3). Female. Unknown. Larva. Unknown.	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac (2015): New Species And Records Of Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) From India. Illiesia 11 (7): 75-91, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760954
2222A403FFA39357FC166EA9FC63DBDF.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species name, based on the type locality in the Agumbe Ghats, is used as a noun in apposition.	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac (2015): New Species And Records Of Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) From India. Illiesia 11 (7): 75-91, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760954
2222A403FFA39357FC166EA9FC63DBDF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The new species is a member of the N. clymene group. The aedeagus of this species is similar to that of N. monacha Stark & Sivec, 2008 b in having multiple small patches of spines near midlength of the tube. However, the placement and number of spines varies between the species [compare Fig. 14 in Stark & Sivec (2008 b) with Fig. 3], and the sac armature, adult habitus, hemitergal processes and detail of tergum 9 are also quite different. The head and pronotum of N. monacha is mostly dark brown, the hemitergal processes are slender and much longer than in the new species, and tergum 9 lacks sensilla basiconica patches [see Figs. 12 - 14 in Stark & Sivec (2008 b)]. The aedeagal sac armature of N. agumbe is reminiscent of that of N. triangulata Kawai, 1975 from Sri Lanka, but that species has a pair of small spiny membranous bulbs located near the tube apex (Zwick 1980).	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac (2015): New Species And Records Of Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) From India. Illiesia 11 (7): 75-91, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760954
2222A403FFA29357FC326AC1FAA6DC72.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype ♂ (Naturhistorisches Museum Basel), Garo Hills, Darugiri, Meghalaya, India	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac (2015): New Species And Records Of Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) From India. Illiesia 11 (7): 75-91, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760954
2222A403FFA29357FC326AC1FAA6DC72.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. INDIA: Assam, Gawahati Forest Area, 26 ° 05.153 ’ N, 91 ° 46.435 ’ E, 24 October 2004, G. Svenson, 1 ♂ (BYUC). Orissa, Jeypore, 1775 ’ [ft. asl], September 1958, P. S. Nathan, 1 ♂ (USNM).	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac (2015): New Species And Records Of Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) From India. Illiesia 11 (7): 75-91, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760954
2222A403FFA29357FC326AC1FAA6DC72.taxon	discussion	Comments. Zwick (in Zwick & Sivec 1980) described this species from Meghalaya State and Assam in northern India, and later (Zwick 1981) reported the species from a single male collected in Kerala State in southern India. The two male specimens examined in this study were collected in Orissa State, central India and in Assam.	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac (2015): New Species And Records Of Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) From India. Illiesia 11 (7): 75-91, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760954
2222A403FFA29350FC786D27FD73D877.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. INDIA: Karnataka, Agumbe Ghats, 13 ° 29.386 ’ N, 75 ° 04.537 ’ E, 9 October 2004, G. Svenson, light trap, 14 ♂ (BYUC). Same location, 11 October 2004, canopy light trap, G. Svenson, 1 ♂ (BYUC). Jog Falls, 14 ° 16.480 ’ N, 74 ° 44.436 ’ E, 6 October 2004, Miller, Svenson, Cameron, 1 ♂ (BYUC).	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac (2015): New Species And Records Of Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) From India. Illiesia 11 (7): 75-91, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760954
2222A403FFA29350FC786D27FD73D877.taxon	discussion	Comments. Zwick et al. (2007) recently described this species based on adult, egg and larval specimens collected in Tamil Nadu State, India. These are the first records from Karnataka State.	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac (2015): New Species And Records Of Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) From India. Illiesia 11 (7): 75-91, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760954
2222A403FFA59350FEB26939FDF0DE24.taxon	description	(Figs. 4 - 6)	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac (2015): New Species And Records Of Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) From India. Illiesia 11 (7): 75-91, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760954
2222A403FFA59350FEB26939FDF0DE24.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype ♂, INDIA: Madhya Pradesh, Jabalpur, 1600 ’ [ft. asl], September 1957, P. S. Nathan, (USNM). Paratype, 1 ♂ (USNM). Same collection data as holotype. Adult habitus. General color yellow brown with limited darker markings. Pattern obscure due to specimen condition. Male. Forewing length 11.5 mm. Hemitergal processes of tergum 10 slender and curved gently laterad (Fig. 4); tergum 8 bearing a mushroomshaped median sclerite armed with sensilla basiconica; anterior margin of tergum 8 thick and upturned under median process of tergum 7. Outline of tergum 7 process quadrangular in dorsal aspect; posterior margin bearing 6 - 8 thick spines. Tergum 9 bearing a pair of low mounds covered with sensilla basiconica; mounds located slightly laterad of hemitergal processes. Aedeagal tube sclerotized along ventral and dorsal margins, and slightly less so laterally; dorsal margin of tube bearing a concave subapical emargination (Fig. 5). Aedeagal sac membranous, about as long as tube and rather sparsely armed with small triangular spines; small basal cluster of spines located ventrally just beyond tube apex is bordered by a short, bare distal section, followed by sparse groupings of small to minute spines over much of the inverted sac (Fig. 6). Female. Unknown. Egg. Unknown. Larva. Unknown.	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac (2015): New Species And Records Of Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) From India. Illiesia 11 (7): 75-91, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760954
2222A403FFA59350FEB26939FDF0DE24.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species name is based on the subapical emargination of the aedeagal tube.	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac (2015): New Species And Records Of Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) From India. Illiesia 11 (7): 75-91, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760954
2222A403FFA59350FEB26939FDF0DE24.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species appears to be a member of the N. clymene group. It is distinguished from other members of the group by the unusual, almost quadrangular process on tergum 7, the poorly armed aedeagal sac and the distinctive subapical dorsal emargination on the aedeagal tube. The species does not appear closely related to others known from the Indian subcontinent.	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac (2015): New Species And Records Of Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) From India. Illiesia 11 (7): 75-91, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760954
2222A403FFA59350FC1C6895FC74DD15.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype ♂ (California Academy of Sciences), Kaziranga, Kohara, Assam, India Neoperla hamata: Uchida & Yamasaki, 1989: 142. Redescription Neoperla hamata: Stark & Sivec, 2008 b: 29. Egg and female description	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac (2015): New Species And Records Of Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) From India. Illiesia 11 (7): 75-91, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760954
2222A403FFA59350FC1C6895FC74DD15.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. INDIA: Meghalaya, Jaintia Hills, Narpuh R. F., Umpyrsung, off R. Lubha, Sonapor Town, 25 ° 07.064 ’ N, 092 ° 21.634 ’ E, 19 October 2004, G. Svenson, Canopy light trap, 3 ♂ (BYUC).	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac (2015): New Species And Records Of Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) From India. Illiesia 11 (7): 75-91, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760954
2222A403FFA59350FC1C6895FC74DD15.taxon	discussion	Comments. This wide-ranging species is reported at sites from India to Vietnam and Malaysia (Jewett 1975; Stark & Sivec 2008 b; Uchida & Yamasaki 1989). Males are distinctive by virtue of a highly modified process on tergum 7. In addition, males of the species are unusual in having the hemitergal processes curved upward into a hook-shaped structure, and the aedeagal sac is covered laterally by thin, dark, appressed, setal-like spines, which is also an oddity.	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac (2015): New Species And Records Of Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) From India. Illiesia 11 (7): 75-91, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760954
2222A403FFA59351FC276C04FD45DCFB.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype ♂ (British Museum of Natural History), Narakaidu, Tinnevelley District, [Tamil Nadu] India	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac (2015): New Species And Records Of Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) From India. Illiesia 11 (7): 75-91, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760954
2222A403FFA59351FC276C04FD45DCFB.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. INDIA: Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Pon Mudi, 23 May 2003, Mercury vapor lamp, 5 ♀ (BYUC). Tamil Nadu, Cinchona, Anamalai Hills, 3500 ’ [ft. asl], April 1957, P. S. Nathan, 3 ♂ (USNM). Same location, May 1957, P. S. Nathan, 2 ♂ (USNM). Same location, April 1959, P. S. Nathan, 1 ♂ (USNM).	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac (2015): New Species And Records Of Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) From India. Illiesia 11 (7): 75-91, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760954
2222A403FFA59351FC276C04FD45DCFB.taxon	discussion	Comments. Zwick (1981) redescribed this species from type material and from additional specimens collected in Tamil Nadu State. His egg figures, based on light microscopy, show an oval egg with no collar, but with closely packed, narrow striae. Although the external male genitalic structures are quite distinct, the egg and aedeagus of this species appear almost identical to those of N. schlitz Stark 8 & Sivec (2008 a) as discussed below under the account of that species. Female specimens from Kerala, listed above, have eggs that appear indistinguishable from those attributed to N. schlitz, but lack the distinctive head pattern found in males and females identified as N. schlitz.	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac (2015): New Species And Records Of Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) From India. Illiesia 11 (7): 75-91, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760954
2222A403FFA49352FEAB6DA9FEE6DBDF.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype ♂ (California Academy of Sciences), Chinchona, Anamalai Hills, Tamil Nadu, India	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac (2015): New Species And Records Of Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) From India. Illiesia 11 (7): 75-91, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760954
2222A403FFA49352FEAB6DA9FEE6DBDF.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. INDIA: Karnataka, Agumbe Ghats, 13 ° 29.386 ’ N, 75 ° 04.537 ’ E, 9 October 2004, G. Svenson, light trap, 16 ♂, 8 ♀ (BYUC). Same location, 10 May 2004, G. Svenson, 1 ♂ (BYUC). Jog Falls, canopy sample 2, west on road, 14 ° 16.503 ’ N, 74 ° 44.5221 ’ E, 7 October 2004, G. Svenson, 3 ♂ (BYUC). Tamil Nadu, Chinchona, Anamalai Hills, 3500 ’ [ft. asl], April 1957, P. S. Nathan, 3 ♂ (USNM).	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac (2015): New Species And Records Of Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) From India. Illiesia 11 (7): 75-91, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760954
2222A403FFA49352FEAB6DA9FEE6DBDF.taxon	discussion	Comments. Males, females and eggs of this species were described by Zwick (1981) from approximately 120 specimens collected in Kerala and Tamil Nadu states, South India. In his description, Zwick (1981) notes the variable adult color pattern which is also evident in our samples. The most heavily pigmented individuals we observed had a small dark spot extending forward from between the ocelli and terminating in an acute line. These specimens also have a small dark spot near each tentorial callus, dark lappets and a prominent, median bell or triangular spot on the anterior frons, but other specimens have almost no dark head pigment. The specimens listed above include three topotype males and the first records from Karnataka State. In addition to the specimens listed above, two males in the USNM collection, from Orissa State, Jeypore, 1775 ’, collected in September 1958 by P. Susai Nathan, are similar in aedeagal shape and general features, but appear slightly different in having an area near the tube apex covered with small spicules rather than the patch of larger spines found on other specimens. The aedeagal sac armature for these specimens also shows some variation from typical N. biseriata and N. ochracea. These specimens may represent an additional species in this complex but are not treated as such until additional data are available for the group.	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac (2015): New Species And Records Of Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) From India. Illiesia 11 (7): 75-91, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760954
2222A403FFA79352FE926ACDFB76DBDF.taxon	description	(Figs. 7 - 8)	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac (2015): New Species And Records Of Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) From India. Illiesia 11 (7): 75-91, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760954
2222A403FFA79352FE926ACDFB76DBDF.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype ♂, INDIA: Orissa, Jeypore, 1775 ’ [ft. asl], September 1958, P. S. Nathan, (USNM). Paratypes, 2 ♂ (USNM). Same collection data as holotype. Adult habitus. General color yellow brown with limited darker markings. Most pigment pattern obscure due to specimen condition, but a dark spot occurs between ocelli and pale amber wings have slightly darker veins. Male. Forewing length 8 mm. Hemitergal processes of tergum 10 slender and curved slightly laterad (Fig. 7); tergum 9 with low, midlateral mounds sparsely covered with sensilla basiconica and a few long setae, median patch of sensilla basiconica absent; tergum 8 bearing a low median mound with a few sensilla basiconica, mostly hidden by process on tergum 7; tergum 7 with a slender, median projection which appears truncate in dorsal aspect but with small notch in apical aspect. Aedeagal tube sclerotized, slightly sinuate with apex curved ventrad; dorsoapical margin of tube bearing a patch of minute denticles (Fig. 8); aedeagal sac slightly longer than tube and armed with minute spines in basal fourth, no obvious spines occur on the more distal region of the sac; spines arranged in multiple close-set rows which extend a short distance from tube apex; longest rows occur along dorsal and ventral sac margins (Fig. 8). Female. Unknown. Egg. Unknown. Larva. Unknown.	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac (2015): New Species And Records Of Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) From India. Illiesia 11 (7): 75-91, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760954
2222A403FFA79352FE926ACDFB76DBDF.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species name, based on the Indian state in which the specimens were collected, is used as a noun in apposition.	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac (2015): New Species And Records Of Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) From India. Illiesia 11 (7): 75-91, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760954
2222A403FFA79352FE926ACDFB76DBDF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species is a member of the N. clymene species group and is generally similar in male genital features to N. ochracea but the aedeagal tube of that species bears a much more prominent dorsoapical patch of spines and the aedeagal sac is also more prominently armed than the new species. In addition, the process of tergum 7 is more slender in the new species.	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac (2015): New Species And Records Of Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) From India. Illiesia 11 (7): 75-91, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760954
2222A403FFA7935CFC456AC2FE0ADF07.taxon	description	(Figs. 9 - 14)	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac (2015): New Species And Records Of Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) From India. Illiesia 11 (7): 75-91, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760954
2222A403FFA7935CFC456AC2FE0ADF07.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype ♂ (Zoological Museum Amsterdam), Chambra Peak area, Calicut District, Kerala, India	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac (2015): New Species And Records Of Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) From India. Illiesia 11 (7): 75-91, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760954
2222A403FFA7935CFC456AC2FE0ADF07.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. INDIA: Karnataka, Agumbe Ghats, 13 ° 29.386 ’ N, 75 ° 04.537 ’ E, 9 October 2004, G. Svenson, light trap, 7 ♂, 3 ♀ (BYUC). Same site but 10 October 2004, canopy light trap, G. Svenson, 1 ♂ (BYUC). Same site but 11 October 2004, canopy light trap, G. Svenson, 1 ♂ (BYUC).	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac (2015): New Species And Records Of Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) From India. Illiesia 11 (7): 75-91, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760954
2222A403FFA7935CFC456AC2FE0ADF07.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species was previously known from the holotype male collected in Kerala, an Indian state adjacent to Karnataka. Because no female specimens were available for the previous study, and the head and pronotal pigment patterns were obscured in the holotype, we are adding these details below based on the current sample. The species is assigned to the N. montivaga species group of Zwick (1983, 1986); as Stark & Sivec (2008 a) noted, the aedeagus of N. schlitz is quite similar to that of N. nitida (Zwick 1981), however males of the two species are readily distinguished based on the 7 th tergal processes (compare Fig. 12 in Stark & Sivec, 2008 a with Fig. 3 a in Zwick 1981). Remarkably, the eggs of these species may also be virtually identical unless the description of one or the other is based on an incorrect association. In the limited material available to us all the males with N. schlitz type terminalia displayed the unusual Vshaped brown area on the anteromedian frons (Fig. 9) and this was also present in females we identified as N. schlitz. A few females without this marking, but with identical eggs present in the samples, were identified by us as N. nitida and are listed with that species above. Adult habitus. General color pale yellow-brown. Head with a small dark spot between ocelli, a small V-shaped area on the anteromedian frons, lappets and antennal bases brown (Fig. 9). Pronotum with a pale median band, but most of disc pale brown with darker rugosities. Wings pale amber, veins darker except pale C vein. Male with hair brushes on abdominal sterna 3 - 5 and more weakly on sternum 6. Male. Described by Stark & Sivec (2008 a). Putative female. Forewing length 12 - 12.5 mm. Posterior margin of sternum 8 unmodified, or at most, slightly produced at midlength. Vagina a membranous bag with numerous concentric wrinkles on ventrolateral and anteroventral surfaces; dorsal surface consists of a dark sclerite. Receptacle membranous and lacking internal scales, sausage-shaped, attached to vagina by a slender stalk (Fig. 10). Putative egg. Outline oval without collar; length ca. 271 μm, equatorial width ca. 192 μm (Fig. 11). Striae very slender, ca. 6 - 7 μm, closely packed and extending almost pole to pole (Figs. 11 - 14). Lid reduced and sulci not visible in SEM preparations. Follicle cell impressions absent. Micropyles 17 18 19 subequatorial in position, orifices simple, but longer than wide (Figs. 13 - 14). Larva. Unknown.	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac (2015): New Species And Records Of Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) From India. Illiesia 11 (7): 75-91, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760954
