taxonID	type	description	language	source
207A87A2551BFFB5DC338796FB48FDD6.taxon	description	(Figs. 1 - 6)	en	Nye, Kelly C., Stark, Bill P. (2010): A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study Of The Epiprocts Of Western North American Sweltsa (Plecoptera: Chloroperlidae). Illiesia 6 (18): 248-255, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760011
207A87A2551BFFB5DC338796FB48FDD6.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype ♂ (Illinois Natural History Survey), Oregon, [Clackamas Co.], Salmon River, near Welches, Mt. Hood National Forest Material examined. OREGON: Deschutes Co.: Deschutes River, Deschutes Bridge Campground, 11 June 2004, B. Stark, R. W. Baumann, 6 ♂, 8 ♀ (BPS). Lincoln Co.: Siletz River, Moonshine Park, 1 June 2000, B. Stark, I. Sivec, M. Zúñiga, 6 ♂ (BPS). Marion Co.: North Santiam River, Hwy 22, 3 miles above Idanhas, 3 June 2000, B. Stark, I. Sivec, M. Zúñiga, 2 ♂ (BPS). Tillamook Co.: Three Rivers, Castle Rock, Hwy 22, 1 June 2000, B. Stark, I. Sivec, M. Zúñiga, 1 ♂ (BPS). WASHINGTON: Clallam Co.: Soleduck River, Hwy 101, 18 June 1967, R. W. Baumann, 1 ♂, 3 ♀ (MLBM). Skamania Co.: Wind River, Paradise Creek Campground, Hwy 30, 14 June 2004, B. Stark, R. W. Baumann, 4 ♂, 4 ♀ (BPS).	en	Nye, Kelly C., Stark, Bill P. (2010): A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study Of The Epiprocts Of Western North American Sweltsa (Plecoptera: Chloroperlidae). Illiesia 6 (18): 248-255, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760011
207A87A2551BFFB5DC338796FB48FDD6.taxon	description	Male epiproct. Dorsal length ca. 505 - 510 µm, basal width ca. 395 - 409 µm, width at subapical constriction point ca. 256 - 263 µm. Somewhat spatulate in shape, broad at base (Figs. 1 - 2), dorsoventrally flattened, with slightly depressed concavity on dorsal surface, constricted beyond midlength, and usually broadly rounded or upturned at tip. Dorsal surface, except for narrow rim, bearing dense pile of short, setae (Figs. 3 - 4); setae appear comb-like with several filaments arising in a common grouping; ventral surface glabrous, at least near tip. Dorsal process. Located on tergum 9. Total width ca. 300 - 341 µm, median notch ca. 88 - 93 µm wide. Process bilobed, lateral lobes truncate to slightly rounded, each ca. 105 - 124 µm wide, extending above a median U-shaped notch. Dorsal surface smooth on anterior margin but eroded posteriorly (Figs. 5 - 6).	en	Nye, Kelly C., Stark, Bill P. (2010): A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study Of The Epiprocts Of Western North American Sweltsa (Plecoptera: Chloroperlidae). Illiesia 6 (18): 248-255, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760011
207A87A2551BFFB5DC338796FB48FDD6.taxon	discussion	Comments. Frison (1935) mentioned the spatulate shape of the epiproct and the mesal cleft of the dorsal process and both Ricker (1943) and Jewett (1959) used the dorsal concavity on the epiproct as an important key character for this species. In their key to Sweltsa species, Stewart & Oswood (2006) note the epiproct shape is broadest basally and upturned and broadly rounded at the tip. The only previous original figures for the epiproct of this species are those in Frison (1935) and Stewart & Oswood (2006); those in Frison (1935) were reproduced in Jewett (1959). Additional comments given below compare this species with S. pacifica.	en	Nye, Kelly C., Stark, Bill P. (2010): A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study Of The Epiprocts Of Western North American Sweltsa (Plecoptera: Chloroperlidae). Illiesia 6 (18): 248-255, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760011
207A87A2551BFFB3DED08430FD87F945.taxon	description	(Figs. 7 - 12)	en	Nye, Kelly C., Stark, Bill P. (2010): A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study Of The Epiprocts Of Western North American Sweltsa (Plecoptera: Chloroperlidae). Illiesia 6 (18): 248-255, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760011
207A87A2551BFFB3DED08430FD87F945.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype ♀ (Museum of Comparative Zoology), Washington, Skokomish River	en	Nye, Kelly C., Stark, Bill P. (2010): A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study Of The Epiprocts Of Western North American Sweltsa (Plecoptera: Chloroperlidae). Illiesia 6 (18): 248-255, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760011
207A87A2551BFFB3DED08430FD87F945.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. CALIFORNIA: Calaveras Co., Jesus Maria Creek, near North Calaveras River, Mokelumne Hill, 7 May 1987, R. Bottorff, A. Knight, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (RB). Nevada Co., Prosser Creek, Hwy 89, 24 June 2009, B. Stark, C. R. Nelson, K. Nye, A. Harrison, 2 ♂, 3 ♀ (BPS). Placer Co.: Truckee River, Hwy 89, 1 mile south of Truckee, 19 June 1985, R. W. Baumann, C. R. Nelson, M. Whiting, 15 ♂, 15 ♀ (MLBM). Truckee River, Hwy 89, Goose Meadow Campground, 22 June 2009, B. Stark, K. Nye, A. Harrison, 14 ♂, 7 ♀ (BPS). Plumas Co.: Little Last Chance Creek, above Chilcoot Campground, 7 June 2004, B. Stark, R. W. Baumann, 2 ♂, 4 ♀ (BPS). Riverside Co.: Stone Creek, below Pine Cove, San Jacinto Mountains, 21 June 1977, R. W. Baumann, C. Hogue, 1 ♂, 3 ♀ (MLBM). Sierra Co.: Little Truckee River, Hwy 89, 14 mi north of Truckee, 21 June 2009, B. Stark, K. Nye, A. Harrison, 1 ♂ (BPS). OREGON: Lincoln Co.: Siletz River, Moonshine Park, 1 June 2000, B. Stark, I. Sivec, M. Zúñiga, 1 ♂ (BPS). WASHINGTON: Chelan Co.: seep at Nason Creek, above White Pine Campground, 16 June 2004, B. Stark, R. W. Baumann, 2 ♂, 2 ♀ (BPS).	en	Nye, Kelly C., Stark, Bill P. (2010): A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study Of The Epiprocts Of Western North American Sweltsa (Plecoptera: Chloroperlidae). Illiesia 6 (18): 248-255, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760011
207A87A2551BFFB3DED08430FD87F945.taxon	description	Male epiproct. Dorsal length ca. 490 - 530 µm, basal width ca. 137 - 157 µm, greatest width ca. 235 - 265 µm. Epiproct dorsoventrally flattened, broad basally becoming gradually wider, then abruptly widened into subtriangular apex terminating in small nipplelike point (Figs. 7 - 10); dorsum concave, apex slightly upturned. Dorsal surface bearing dense pile of short, multifilament setae except for glabrous margin around subapical triangular region (Figs. 10 - 11); ventral surface glabrous. Dorsal process. Located on tergum 8, some specimens bear slightly elevated ridge on tergum 9. Total width ca. 90 - 120 µm, median notch shallow, V-shaped. Process broad basally, lateral margins angled sharply to apex of projections (Fig. 12).	en	Nye, Kelly C., Stark, Bill P. (2010): A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study Of The Epiprocts Of Western North American Sweltsa (Plecoptera: Chloroperlidae). Illiesia 6 (18): 248-255, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760011
207A87A2551BFFB3DED08430FD87F945.taxon	discussion	Comments. Banks (1895) original description of this species is based primarily on pigment pattern and wing venation, no figures are given. Needham & Claassen (1925) include the first figures of the male (Plate 22, Fig. 2) and provide a figure of the male Alloperla spatulata (Plate 21, Fig. 14), now considered a synonym of S. pacifica. The latter figure shows the dorsal aspect of the epiproct much more accurately than does the former, but other authors (e. g. Jewett 1959) have selected the less accurate figures for reproduction. Stewart & Oswood (2006) study prepared new figures which show the two dorsal processes, however the epiproct shape in their Fig. 7.94 shows a constriction not found in our specimens. One reviewer checked additional S. pacifica specimens from California, Oregon and Washington and noted an apparent constriction for specimens in which the epiproct is closely appressed to the cowl, however, on closer inspection, no actual constriction occurred in these specimens. Specimens from the Stewart & Oswood (2006) should be re-examined for the presence of this epiproct feature. The broad and dorsoventrally flattened epiproct of this species is more similar to that of S. oregonensis than to S. resima or S. townesi. However, significant differences including the presence of an apical nipple-like structure, an extensive apical glabrous area, and the absence of a mesal constriction in our S. pacifica specimens, suggest S. oregonensis and S. pacifica are not so closely related as to be placed together in a single species group.	en	Nye, Kelly C., Stark, Bill P. (2010): A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study Of The Epiprocts Of Western North American Sweltsa (Plecoptera: Chloroperlidae). Illiesia 6 (18): 248-255, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760011
207A87A2551DFFB3DC50808EFAC4FCB9.taxon	description	(Figs. 13 - 18)	en	Nye, Kelly C., Stark, Bill P. (2010): A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study Of The Epiprocts Of Western North American Sweltsa (Plecoptera: Chloroperlidae). Illiesia 6 (18): 248-255, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760011
207A87A2551DFFB3DC50808EFAC4FCB9.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype ♂ (United States National Museum), California, Inyo Co., Whitney Portal Material examined. CALIFORNIA: Inyo Co.: Division Creek, north of Independence, 7 June 1986, D. Giuliani, 2 ♂, 2 ♀ (MLBM). Lone Pine Creek, Whitney Portal, 36.34 ° N, 118.14 ° W, 28 July 2005, E. Drake, 8 ♂, 2 ♀ (KWS).	en	Nye, Kelly C., Stark, Bill P. (2010): A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study Of The Epiprocts Of Western North American Sweltsa (Plecoptera: Chloroperlidae). Illiesia 6 (18): 248-255, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760011
207A87A2551DFFB3DC50808EFAC4FCB9.taxon	description	Male epiproct. Total length ca. 600 - 654 µm, basal width ca. 230 - 260 µm, greatest width ca. 400 - 430 µm. Epiproct somewhat saggitate in outline with upturned tip and broad apically expanded mesal groove (Figs. 13 - 16). Dorsal surface bearing dense pile of short, multifilament setae (Fig. 17); ventral surface glabrous. Dorsal process. Located on tergum 9. Total width ca. 180 - 190 µm, median notch shallow, ca. 100 - 140 µm wide. Process broadly bilobed (Fig. 18).	en	Nye, Kelly C., Stark, Bill P. (2010): A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study Of The Epiprocts Of Western North American Sweltsa (Plecoptera: Chloroperlidae). Illiesia 6 (18): 248-255, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760011
207A87A2551DFFB3DC50808EFAC4FCB9.taxon	discussion	Comments. Surdick (1995) provides excellent illustrations of the epiproct of this species. Additional comments are given below.	en	Nye, Kelly C., Stark, Bill P. (2010): A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study Of The Epiprocts Of Western North American Sweltsa (Plecoptera: Chloroperlidae). Illiesia 6 (18): 248-255, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760011
207A87A2551DFFB0DED685DFFD21FBE8.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype ♂ (Illinois Natural History Survey), California, [Tuolumne Co.], Dardanelle	en	Nye, Kelly C., Stark, Bill P. (2010): A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study Of The Epiprocts Of Western North American Sweltsa (Plecoptera: Chloroperlidae). Illiesia 6 (18): 248-255, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760011
207A87A2551DFFB0DED685DFFD21FBE8.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. CALIFORNIA: Alpine Co.: West Carson River, 12 July 1995, R. Bottorff, 1 ♂ (BPS). El Dorado Co.: Truckee River, Hwy 50, 13 July 1995, R. Bottorff, 2 ♂ (BPS). Nevada Co.: Sagehen Creek, Sagehen Biological Station, 19 June 1985, B. Stark, 16 ♂, 9 ♀ (BPS). Placer Co.: Truckee River, Hwy 89, Goose Meadow Campground, 22 June 2009, B. Stark, K. Nye, A. Harrison, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (BPS). Plumas Co.: Graeagle Creek, Graeagle, 5 July 1979, B. Stark, K. W. Stewart, 1 ♂, 3 ♀ (BPS). Sierra Co.: Big Spring, Hwy 49, near Bassetts, 21 June 2009, B. Stark, K. Nye, A. Harrison, 1 ♂, 3 ♀ (BPS). Dark Canyon Creek, Lemon Canyon Road, 21 June 2009, B. Stark, K. Nye, A. Harrison, 2 ♂, 3 ♀ (BPS). Cold Creek, 1 mile south Cold Creek Campground, 5 July 1979, B. Stark, K. W. Stewart, 2 ♂ (BPS). NEVADA: Washoe Co.: small stream from Marletta Lake, Hwy 28, 24 June 2009, B. Stark, C. R. Nelson, K. Nye, A. Harrison, 9 ♂, 7 ♀ (BPS). Galena Creek, Galena Creek Park, 24 June 2009, B. Stark, C. R. Nelson, K. Nye, A. Harrison, 3 ♂, 16 ♀ (BPS).	en	Nye, Kelly C., Stark, Bill P. (2010): A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study Of The Epiprocts Of Western North American Sweltsa (Plecoptera: Chloroperlidae). Illiesia 6 (18): 248-255, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760011
207A87A2551DFFB0DED685DFFD21FBE8.taxon	description	Male epiproct. Total length ca. 500 - 530 µm, basal width ca. 125 - 150 µm, greatest width ca. 245 - 250 µm. Epiproct saggitate in dorsal aspect with thick tip slightly upturned and bearing narrow groove which extends from base to ca. 90 - 110 µm from apex (Figs. 19 - 22). Dorsal surface bearing short, multifilament setae (Fig. 23); ventral surface glabrous. Dorsal process. Located on tergum 9. Total width ca. 160 - 180 µm, median notch shallow with truncate floor, notch width ca. 80 - 90 µm. Lobes of process triangular in outline (Fig. 24).	en	Nye, Kelly C., Stark, Bill P. (2010): A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study Of The Epiprocts Of Western North American Sweltsa (Plecoptera: Chloroperlidae). Illiesia 6 (18): 248-255, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760011
207A87A2551DFFB0DED685DFFD21FBE8.taxon	discussion	Comments. The epiproct and dorsal process were illustrated by Ricker (1952). Surdick (1995) presented dorsal, dorsolateral and fully lateral outlines of this structure. More recently Lee & Baumann (2010) included five SEM images of the S. townesi epiproct in their redescription of that species. Surdick (1995) considered S. townesi and S. resima as sister species but data from the description and placement of S. salix in this group suggest S. townesi and S. salix are the more closely related pair (Lee & Baumann 2010). Unfortunately, no support for either of these hypotheses is available from our limited study.	en	Nye, Kelly C., Stark, Bill P. (2010): A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study Of The Epiprocts Of Western North American Sweltsa (Plecoptera: Chloroperlidae). Illiesia 6 (18): 248-255, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760011
