taxonID	type	description	language	source
039B1978FFE6B50B8CC0FAD3DB14CFBB.taxon	type_taxon	Type species Leptoperla confusa Hare, 1909.	en	McLellan, Ian D. (2008): Additions To Zelandobius (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae Antarctoperlinae) From New Zealand. Illiesia 4 (2): 11-18, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4758846
039B1978FFE6B50B8CC0FAD3DB14CFBB.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS Adult. Small to medium-sized stoneflies with or without wings. Ocelli present. Distal segment of maxillary palp about twice as long as penultimate segment. Rs with a terminal fork in all wings. Hind wing with fusion of M and Cu incomplete distally. Thoracic spiracles not on cones. Lateral tergal ridge evident on abdomen. Cerci short, usually comprising no more than 15 segments. Male genitalia. Epiproct hastate in plan, with a ventral hook and usually with a pair of teeth on each margin; sides normally sloping up from midline; ventrally, at base of epiproct, a dark, usually globular sclerotised mass. Paraprocts broadening distally before tapering abruptly to either a terminal spine or a rounded blade. Tergite 10 divided into 2 anterolateral sclerites with a medial sclerite behind them, followed by a membranous cone, then terminating in a dark, sclerotised knob. Penis membranous, 3 to 5 lobed, evaginated from beneath subgenital plate in mated specimens. Female genitalia. Posterior of subgenital plate with a pair of short lateral lobes with a medial concavity between them. Larva. No hairy fringe on legs. Maxillary palp with distal segment about twice as long as penultimate segment. Segment 10 of abdomen usually long, sometimes bulged basally. Subanal lobes tongueshaped. Anal gill rosette well developed but incapable of pulsation. Cerci sturdy or thread-like, less than half as long as body.	en	McLellan, Ian D. (2008): Additions To Zelandobius (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae Antarctoperlinae) From New Zealand. Illiesia 4 (2): 11-18, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4758846
039B1978FFE7B5098CDBFEE1DBCBCFBB.taxon	description	(Figs. 1 — 9)	en	McLellan, Ian D. (2008): Additions To Zelandobius (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae Antarctoperlinae) From New Zealand. Illiesia 4 (2): 11-18, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4758846
039B1978FFE7B5098CDBFEE1DBCBCFBB.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype ♀, NZCO, Old Man Range, 1554 m, in pool, 19 Feb 1974, J. S. Dugdale (NZAC); 2 paratype ♀, short-winged, NZCO, Rock and Pillar Range, 1280 m, 5 Dec 1991, B. H. Patrick (NZAC); 3 ♀, NZCO, Old Man Range, 1450 m, 1 Jan 1992, B. H. Patrick; 1 ♀, short-winged, NZCO, South end Old man Range, 1335 - 1365 m, 11 Jan 1992, B. H. Patrick; 2 ♀, NZCO, Old Man Range, 1450 m, 11 Jan 1992, B. H. Patrick; 1 ♀, NZOL, Rob Roy Valley, 850 m, West Matukituki, 6 Dec 1992, B. H. Patrick; 1 ♀, NZCO, Rock and Pillar Range, W of McPhee's Rock, 1100 - 1200 m, 26 Feb 1993, B. H. Patrick; 1 ♀, NZCO, Rock and Pillar Range, 1220 m, 17 Dec 1994, B. H. Patrick; 1 ♀, NZSL, Blue Mountains, 980 m, 15 Dec 1995, B & H. Patrick; 4 ♂, 2 ♀, NZCO, Old Woman Range, 1600 m, 1 Jan 1996, B. H. Patrick; 4 ♂, 2 ♀, 3 larvae, 2 exuvia ,, NZCO, Old Woman Range, 1680 - 1720 m, 1 Jan 1996, B. H. Patrick; 1 ♂, 2 ♀, 11 larvae, NZCO, Old Woman Range, 1600 m, 4 Feb 1996, B. H. Patrick; 1 ♀, NZCO, Coal Ck, 1350 m, Old Man Range, 22145, 55327, 30 Jan 1997, E. Edwards, R. Logan, S. J. Morris; 2 ♀, NZCO, Old Man Range, 1600 m, stream edge, 6 Feb 1997, B. H. Patrick.	en	McLellan, Ian D. (2008): Additions To Zelandobius (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae Antarctoperlinae) From New Zealand. Illiesia 4 (2): 11-18, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4758846
039B1978FFE7B5098CDBFEE1DBCBCFBB.taxon	description	Dimensions. Male: Body length 5.5 - 8 mm; antenna 3.5 - 4 mm; wing 1.5 mm; hind leg 5 mm; pronotum length 0.8 mm, width 1.12 mm. Female: Body length 6 - 7.5 mm; antenna 4.5 - 6 mm; forewing 1.87 - 7 mm; hind leg 5 - 5.8 mm; pronotum length 0.96 mm, width 1.28 mm. Larva: Body length 6.5 – 8 mm; antenna 2.5 mm; cercus broken but would be about 2 mm. Adult. Head with a brown mask between prominent ocelli. Antennal flagellum with 1 st segment shorter than scape. Pronotum wider posteriorly. Wings variable in length from full wing to short wing terminating on tergite 2. Forewing with Rs fork variable in length, from 0.17 x as long as Rs, and sometimes containing a crossvein, to 0.28 x as long as Rs. Distal half of forewing with 3 dark bars across the wing surrounding very pale, expanded distal crossveins. Legs brown with tibiae paler than femora. Abdominal tergites and sternites sclerotised, Male genitalia. (Figs. 1 - 4). Posterior margin of central sclerite much rounded; membranous cone long and curved down distally to a long dark upcurved posterior sclerite. Epiproct with 2 pairs of marginal teeth, one pair sub-apically and the other pair about mid length; tip long, tapered and slightly curved with rounded apex. Paraproct with dorsal and posterior margins curved up to a sharp slightly curved apical spine. Subgenital plate much rounded but extended when 3 lobed penis is everted. Cerci each with about 11 segments and downcurved. Female genitalia. (Fig. 5). Subgenital plate with an almost W-shaped dark patch, the apices of its arms extending into the lobes. Medial emargination and lobes with narrow, heavily sclerotised margins. Subgenital plate and sternite 9 with prominent lateral sternotergal ridges. Cercus each 12 - segmented. Larva. (Figs. 6 - 9). Much like the type species but thickset with broad shorter legs and larger claws. Anal gill rosette prominent. Preserved specimens brown. The mouthparts are unremarkable. Mandible with a row of about 6 short teeth and prostheca with a row of short bristles. Lacinia with two apical teeth with rounded tips and a comb of 10 - 12 bristles.	en	McLellan, Ian D. (2008): Additions To Zelandobius (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae Antarctoperlinae) From New Zealand. Illiesia 4 (2): 11-18, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4758846
039B1978FFE5B50E8E64FB0CDB51CC2B.taxon	description	(Figs. 10 - 13)	en	McLellan, Ian D. (2008): Additions To Zelandobius (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae Antarctoperlinae) From New Zealand. Illiesia 4 (2): 11-18, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4758846
039B1978FFE5B50E8E64FB0CDB51CC2B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype ♂, NZCO, Pigroot Ck, 520 m, 8 Sept 1993, B. H. Patrick (NZAC); paratype ♀, NZCO, Pigroot Ck, 500 m, 12 Oct 1994, B. H. Patrick (NZAC); 2 paratype ♂, NZCO, Pigroot Ck, 520 m, 8 Sept 1993, B. H. Patrick (Central Stories Museum & Art Gallery, Alexandra, New Zealand); 1 ♂, NZCO, Shag River headwaters, 570 m, 10 Sept 1993, B. H. Patrick; 2 ♂, NZCO, Umbrella Mts, 360 m, trib Pomahaka River, 23 Sept 1993, H. Patrick; 1 ♂, NZCO, West Eweburn, Ida Range, 1100 - 1250 m, 25 Sept 1996, B. H. Patrick.	en	McLellan, Ian D. (2008): Additions To Zelandobius (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae Antarctoperlinae) From New Zealand. Illiesia 4 (2): 11-18, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4758846
039B1978FFE5B50E8E64FB0CDB51CC2B.taxon	description	Dimensions. Male: Body length 7 - 7.5 mm; antenna 6 mm; forewing 7 - 7.5 mm; hind leg 5.5 mm; pronotum length 0.8 mm, width 1.09 mm. Female: Body length 7.5 mm; antenna 5 mm; forewing 8 mm; hind leg 5.5 mm; pronotum length 0.96 mm, width 1.28 mm. Larva: Unknown. Adult. Head uniform medium brown apart from a darker patch at base of antennae; ocelli prominent. Antennae long with first segment of flagellum as long as scape. Pronotum uniform medium brown, rectangular and slightly wider than long. Forewing (Fig. 10) with most distal crossveins white; 4 grey to brown bars across wing distally; areas between bars in middle of wing white; tip of wing brown. Rs fork 0.33 x length of Rs. Male genitalia. (Figs. 11, 12). Posterior margin of central sclerite concave. Membranous cone covered with dark spots and with sides tapered. Posterior sclerite long, dark and bulged at tip. Epiproct with tip curved and bulged and 2 pairs of teeth on epiproct margins. Paraproct with prominent bulge on dorsal margin below base of spine which is sturdy and slightly curved. Cerci each with about 12 segments and extended straight posteriorly. Female genitalia. (Fig. 13). Subgenital plate brown with medial third pale and with prominent lateral lobes of posterior margin dark brown. Subanal lobes dark brown.	en	McLellan, Ian D. (2008): Additions To Zelandobius (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae Antarctoperlinae) From New Zealand. Illiesia 4 (2): 11-18, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4758846
039B1978FFE5B50E8E64FB0CDB51CC2B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species appears closely related to Z. patricki (Figs. 14, 15). The male genitalia are similar and both have the cerci of about 12 segments which extend posteriorly. The differences in genital structures are shown for males in Figs. 12 and 14 and Table 1. Differences in female genital patterns are shown in Figs. 13 and 15.	en	McLellan, Ian D. (2008): Additions To Zelandobius (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae Antarctoperlinae) From New Zealand. Illiesia 4 (2): 11-18, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4758846
039B1978FFE5B50E8E64FB0CDB51CC2B.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is dedicated to aquatic insect photographer W. J. Crawford (a. k. a. Mayfly Bill) of Taupo, New Zealand for the great effort he has made in collecting aquatic insects for me.	en	McLellan, Ian D. (2008): Additions To Zelandobius (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae Antarctoperlinae) From New Zealand. Illiesia 4 (2): 11-18, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4758846
039B1978FFE2B50C8E68F89CD8C8C90F.taxon	description	(Figs. 16 - 19)	en	McLellan, Ian D. (2008): Additions To Zelandobius (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae Antarctoperlinae) From New Zealand. Illiesia 4 (2): 11-18, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4758846
039B1978FFE2B50C8E68F89CD8C8C90F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype ♂, paratype ♀, NZCO, Hector Mts, Ben Nevis area, 1750 - 1800 m, 21 Feb 1994 B. H Patrick, NZAC 03000777 (NZAC); paratype ♂ and ♀, NZCO, Mt Benger, Timber Creek, 1050 m, 16 Sept 1999, E. Edwards, NZAC 03000776 (NZAC); paratype ♂ and ♀, NZCO, Hector Mts, Ben Nevis area, 1650 - 1800 m, 23 Feb 1994, B. H. Patrick (Central Stories Museum & Art Gallery, Alexandra, New Zealand); 8 ♂, 4 ♀, 5 exuvia, NZCO, Hector Mts, Ben Nevis area, 1650 - 1800 m, 23 Feb 1994, B. H. Patrick, NZAC 03000776.	en	McLellan, Ian D. (2008): Additions To Zelandobius (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae Antarctoperlinae) From New Zealand. Illiesia 4 (2): 11-18, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4758846
039B1978FFE2B50C8E68F89CD8C8C90F.taxon	description	Dimensions. Male: Body length 6 - 10 mm; antenna 6.5 - 10 mm; forewing 3.5 - 11 mm; hindleg 3.5 - 8.5 mm; pronotum length 0.88 - 1.2 mm, width 1.6 - 2.18 mm. Female: Body length 9.512 mm; antenna 7 - 8 mm; forewing 4.75 - 12 mm; hindleg 6.75 - 7.5 mm; pronotum length 0.96 - 1.76 mm; width 1.6 - 2 mm. Adult. Head with dark brown. Epicranium and frons almost black; ocelli prominent with a pair of tubercles directly in front of the medial ocellus. Antenna with first segment of flagellum longer than scape. Pronotum brown, slightly wider than long with angles not produced. Legs almost uniform brown. Wings vary in populations from full length (Fig. 16 A) to about half body length (Fig. 16 B). In forewings each distal crossvein is surrounded by a brown to light brown patch which usually coalesces with surrounding patches to form bars. In full winged specimens Rs fork 0.35 x length of Rs and short winged 0.29 x. Male genitalia. (Figs. 17, 18). Posterior margin of central sclerite concave. Membranous cone very short with almost straight sides. Posterior sclerite long, almost straight and slightly bulged at tip. Epiproct with tip short curved and pointed; 3 pairs of teeth on epiproct margins, the anterior 2 pairs minute, the posterior pair large. Paraproct with short curved apical spine without basal bulge. Cerci each with about 11 segments and downcurved. Female genitalia. (Fig. 19). Subgenital plate brown with broad lateral lobes. Medially from the medial emargination and as wide as it, a pale triangle extends a short distance anteriorly. Another pale triangle extends posteriorly from the middle of the plate’s anterior margin. Medially on the posterior margin of sternite 9 a pale membranous patch about two thirds as wide as the posterior margin extends forward for about a quarter of the sternites’s length. Remarks. This species appears closely related to Z. mariae. McLellan The male genitalia are similar but have decided differences. Z. mariae McLellan has a short bulged posterior sclerite; the epiproct has a longer sharper tip and the anterior teeth are not minute. In this as in other species the length of forewing determines the number of distal crossveins. In this species there are about 8 between Rs and M 1 + 2 in full winged specimens and about half that number in short winged specimens. The Rs fork is also affected by wing reduction and its relative length is shorter.	en	McLellan, Ian D. (2008): Additions To Zelandobius (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae Antarctoperlinae) From New Zealand. Illiesia 4 (2): 11-18, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4758846
039B1978FFE2B50C8E68F89CD8C8C90F.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is dedicated to Eric Edwards (Department of Conservation Invercargill, New Zealand). He has collected stoneflies extensively throughout the South Island adding greatly to the knowledge of this order.	en	McLellan, Ian D. (2008): Additions To Zelandobius (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae Antarctoperlinae) From New Zealand. Illiesia 4 (2): 11-18, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4758846
039B1978FFE0B50D8E58FD40DBABCE14.taxon	description	(Figs. 20 - 24)	en	McLellan, Ian D. (2008): Additions To Zelandobius (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae Antarctoperlinae) From New Zealand. Illiesia 4 (2): 11-18, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4758846
039B1978FFE0B50D8E58FD40DBABCE14.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype ♀ and paratype ♀: NZFD, Manapouri, Wolfe Flat, 1000 m, 16 January 1970, G. Kuschel; 4 ♂, 5 ♀, NZFD, Murchison Mts., E McKenzie Burn, 1020 m, 6 July 1980, R. Emberson, beaten Hebe scrub; 1 ♂, NZFD, Murchison Mts., E McKenzie Burn, 1020 m, 6 Dec 1980, R. Emberson, C. A. Muir; 2 ♂, NZSL, Blue Lake Huts, 260 m, F 43 926 176, North Garvie Mts., 25 Oct 1997, E. Edwards, A. McIntosh; 2 ♂, NZSL, Blue Lake edge, 1300 m, 260 m, F 43 717 176, North Garvie Mts., 26 Oct 1997, E. Edwards, A. McIntosh; 1 ♂, NZFD, Wolfe Flat, 1000 m, Turret Range, Exp Jan 1970, W. G. Kuschel; 2 ♀ (one with spermatophore), NZFD, Murchison Mts., E McKenzie Burn, 6 Dec 1980, R. Emberson, beaten Hebe scrub.	en	McLellan, Ian D. (2008): Additions To Zelandobius (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae Antarctoperlinae) From New Zealand. Illiesia 4 (2): 11-18, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4758846
039B1978FFE0B50D8E58FD40DBABCE14.taxon	description	Dimensions. Male: Body length 8 mm; antenna 6 mm; forewing 7.5 mm; hind leg 5.5 mm; pronotum length 0.77 mm, width 1.02 mm. Female: Body length 9 mm; antenna 4.5 mm; forewing 7.3 mm; hind leg 4.6 - 5.0 mm ;; pronotum length 1.04 mm, width 1.04 mm. Adult. Head uniform medium to dark brown; ocelli prominent. Antennae long with first segment of flagellum almost twice as long as scape. Pronotum uniform medium brown, rectangular (slightly wider than long) to square. Forewing (Fig. 20) with most distal crossveins white; 3 brown bars across wing distally; areas between bars in middle of wing white; tip of wing brown. Rs fork 0.17 x length of Rs. Legs of male darker with a pale bar on femora. Legs of female light brown and without a pale bar on femora. Male genitalia. (Figs. 21 - 23). Posterior margin of central sclerite concave. Membranous cone with sides in distal half much convexly tapered. Posterior sclerite long, dark with slightly upturned tip. Epiproct curved to a short sharp tip; ventral hook of medium length with rounded tip. Paraproct with a large curved spine on tip and without basal bulge to spine. Cerci each with about 9 segments and downcurved. Female genitalia. (Fig. 24). Subgenital plate with short lateral lobes. Medially from the medial emargination and as wide as it, a white patch extends the length of the plate and onto the rear of sternite 7. Lateral to the patch most of the plate surface is brown to dark brown, rugulose, and covered with minute dark rings (bristle basal rings without the bristles). These modified lateral areas taper anteriorly and terminate in the dark bases of plate apodemes. An almost circular to triangular similarly modified raised patch is present posteromedially on sternite 7. Sternite 9 is similarly modified posteromedially and bulged into the medial emargination closing the genital opening. Cerci of about 10 segments.	en	McLellan, Ian D. (2008): Additions To Zelandobius (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae Antarctoperlinae) From New Zealand. Illiesia 4 (2): 11-18, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4758846
