taxonID	type	description	language	source
03BD433BFFF11116FEDCFD6DFC1AFB44.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype ♂ and 15 ♂, 28 ♀ paratypes from Vietnam, Loa Cai, Sapa, large waterfall on road from Sapa to Lai Chau, UV light, 8 May 1995, D. Currie, B. Hubley, J. Swann (Royal Ontario Museum 956022), Holotype (ROM), paratypes (BPS, IEBR, PMSL, USNM). Additional paratypes: Vietnam, Loa Cai, ca. 12 km along road from Sapa to Lai Chau, 1950 m, 22 ° 20 ʹ 58.3 ʺ N, 103 ° 46 ʹ 15.7 ʺ E, Malaise trap, B. Hubley, 1 ♂ (ROM 992002), (ROM). Vietnam, Cao Bang, Ba Be National Park, jct. road to Ba Be, 19 May 1995, D. Currie, K. Ciruna, J. Whiting, 2 ♂, 2 ♀ (ROM 956101), (ROM). Vietnam, Sapa, Fan Si Pang Mt., 1600 m, 22 ‐ 29 April 1995, light trap, 2 ♂, 3 ♀ (MNB).	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac (2007): A Synopsis Of Styloperlidae (Insecta, Plecoptera) With Description Of Cerconychia Sapa, A New Stonefly From Vietnam. Illiesia 3 (2): 10-16, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4758631
03BD433BFFF11116FEDCFD6DFC1AFB44.taxon	description	Adult habitus. Biocellate. General color pale yellow brown. Head pale over much of occiput but dusky brown behind eyes and along stem of epicranial suture in fully pigmented individuals; stem and Y arms of suture dark brown, frons mostly dark brown (Fig. 1). Pronotum dark brown on anterior and posterior margins of disc; disc pale except for dark rugosities which form an irregular mid lateral band (Fig. 1). Legs brown, without banding. Wings transparent, veins brown. Male. Forewing length 12 ‐ 17 mm. Basal cercal segment swollen in dorsal aspect, terminating in a long, curved, acute process which projects along inner cercal margin (Figs. 2, 6, 7); basal segment and process armed asymmetrically along length with numerous (ca. 15 or more) small spines or enlarged sensilla (Figs. 6 ‐ 7); second and sometimes third segment armed with an enlarged dorsal spine (Figs. 6 ‐ 9). Ninth sternum bearing a thick, wide setal brush near anterior margin (Figs. 3 ‐ 4). Female. Forewing length 20 ‐ 22 mm. Subgenital plate very slightly produced into a short tab with mesal emargination (Fig. 5). Sternum 9 sparsely setose over central area but with a patch of coarse short setae associated with basomesal fold posterior to gonopore. Intersegmental membrane between sterna 9 and 10 with microtrichia. Vagina a membranous sac, wide at base, narrowly rounded at tip, and lightly coated with pale brown spinulae in the wrinkled chamber. Spermatheca long, slender and bearing several slender accessory glands. Egg. Typical of genus. Ovoid with collar absent and chorion smooth. Nymph. Unknown.	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac (2007): A Synopsis Of Styloperlidae (Insecta, Plecoptera) With Description Of Cerconychia Sapa, A New Stonefly From Vietnam. Illiesia 3 (2): 10-16, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4758631
03BD433BFFF11116FEDCFD6DFC1AFB44.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species name, used as a noun in apposition, is based on the type locality near Sapa.	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac (2007): A Synopsis Of Styloperlidae (Insecta, Plecoptera) With Description Of Cerconychia Sapa, A New Stonefly From Vietnam. Illiesia 3 (2): 10-16, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4758631
03BD433BFFF11116FEDCFD6DFC1AFB44.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males of this species are distinct from all known Styloperlidae by virtue of the numerous small spines scattered over the dorsum and margin of the basal cercal segment and process. Females have a slightly produced, emarginate subgenital plate similar to that of other Cerconychia (Uchida & Isobe 1989), but the forewing length is greater than the 9 ‐ 16 mm composite range given for the Taiwanese species. Cerconychia brunnea Klapálek and C. livida Klapálek are known from Taiwan (Uchida & Isobe 1989) and C. sinensis Yang & Yang is known from Hainan (Yang & Yang 1995), thus C. sapa is the first mainland Cerconychia species. The following provisional key, modified from Uchida & Isobe (1989), is offered as an aid for identification of Cerconychia males.	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac (2007): A Synopsis Of Styloperlidae (Insecta, Plecoptera) With Description Of Cerconychia Sapa, A New Stonefly From Vietnam. Illiesia 3 (2): 10-16, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4758631
03BD433BFFF21114FEACF8D5FB94FE23.taxon	discussion	Wu (1935) proposed Styloperla for S. spinicercia but the holotype is missing (Uchida & Isobe 1989) and paratype specimens retained in China were also apparently destroyed, consequently this species is known from the figures and descriptions provided by Wu (1935, 1938). Chao (1947) added S. inae and S. wui from Fujian Province and these were redescribed by Uchida & Isobe (1989). These authors also transferred two species, Cerconychia flectospina (Wu 1962) and Nogiperla obtusispina (Wu 1973) to the genus. Subsequently, Yang & Yang (1990) described S. jiangxiensis. Males of the genus are distinguished from those of Cerconychia by a longitudinally oriented hair brush on sternum 9 and females by the presence of vaginal sclerites.	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac (2007): A Synopsis Of Styloperlidae (Insecta, Plecoptera) With Description Of Cerconychia Sapa, A New Stonefly From Vietnam. Illiesia 3 (2): 10-16, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4758631
03BD433BFFF31112FF02F9BDFDF9FB3E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. China: Zhejiang, Long Wang Shan, 560 m, 30 ° 28 ʹ N, 119 ° 22 ʹ E, 3 June 1999, I. Sivec, 4 ♂, 3 ♀ (PMSL). Zhejiang, Long Wang Shan, 600 m, 30 ° 28 ʹ N, 119 ° 22 ʹ E, 3 June 1999, I. Sivec, 2 ♂, 1 ♀, 2 exuviae (PMSL). Zhejiang, Long Wang Shan, 700 ‐ 1000 m, 30 ° 28 ʹ N, 119 ° 22 ʹ E, 4 June 1999, I. Sivec, 3 ♂, 1 ♀ (PMSL).	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac (2007): A Synopsis Of Styloperlidae (Insecta, Plecoptera) With Description Of Cerconychia Sapa, A New Stonefly From Vietnam. Illiesia 3 (2): 10-16, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4758631
03BD433BFFF31112FF02F9BDFDF9FB3E.taxon	description	Adult habitus. Biocellate. General color pale yellow brown. Head pale over much of occiput but stem of epicranial suture dark brown and areas adjacent dusky brown. Dark brown ocellar patch extends to narrow pale M ‐ line and forward of M ‐ line to anterior margins of frons. Pronotum completely margined with an impressed narrow black line and shadowed with dusky brown external to line; median pronotal band brown, disk with irregular brown midlateral band and paler rugosities in the anterolateral and posterolateral quadrants. Legs and antennae dark brown. Wings transparent, veins brown. Male. Forewing length 12.5 ‐ 14 mm. Basal cercal segment swollen and armed near the apical margin with a prominent multispined spur (Figs. 12 ‐ 13) and a long curved process along the inner cercal margin (Fig. 10); process terminating with a pair of small spines and a pair of ventral, subapical spines (Fig. 11). Cercal segments 2 ‐ 4 bear small clusters of mid dorsal spines and long setae (Fig. 12). Aedeagus tongue shaped with a pair of dorsal sclerites bearing irregular striae; venter primarily membranous but with a slender pair of sclerotized bars which connect to the dorsal sclerites and extend from near midlength to the apex. Apex partially sclerotized and split; each apical flap armed with several rows of minute spines; apex somewhat foot shaped in lateral aspect. 2. Female. Forewing length 16.5 ‐ 18 mm. Subgenital plate slightly produced into a small mesal tab; vaginal sclerites conspicuous through wall of sternum 8. Sternum 9 bearing weakly sclerotized lateral bars and a membranous mesal area armed with short setae; intersegmental membrane of sterna 9 ‐ 10 bearing a patch of microtrichia. Egg. Typical of genus. Ovoid with collar absent and chorion smooth.	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac (2007): A Synopsis Of Styloperlidae (Insecta, Plecoptera) With Description Of Cerconychia Sapa, A New Stonefly From Vietnam. Illiesia 3 (2): 10-16, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4758631
03BD433BFFF31112FF02F9BDFDF9FB3E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Yang & Yang (1990) described this species from a single male taken at Jing Gang Shan in Jiangxi near the border with Zhejiang Province. Although the basal cercal spur is shown as somewhat longer in the figure prepared by Yang & Yang (1990) than for our specimens, we are tentatively placing these specimens as S. jiangxiensis on the basis of a similar color pattern, similarly armed apex of the cercal process, similarly shaped aedeagus, and proximity of collection localities. Unfortunately, without access to the holotype we are unable to confirm this placement. The collection made at 600 m on Long Wang Shan includes two exuviae which are similar in size, coloration and body form to the Cerconychia livida nymphs described by Uchida & Isobe (1989). However these exuviae have bidentate, carnivorous type laciniae, paraglossae larger than glossae, a much reduced, chloroperlid ‐ like, apical maxillary palpal segment, and spurs rather than trifurcate setae on the tibial apex. The mandibles have four major teeth, a distinct mola, and a ventral row of peg bristles originating near the base of the second tooth and extending almost to the inner margin of the mandible. The mixture of chloroperlid ‐ styloperlid features suggests caution should be used in associating these exuviae with the adult Styloperla specimens collected with them.	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac (2007): A Synopsis Of Styloperlidae (Insecta, Plecoptera) With Description Of Cerconychia Sapa, A New Stonefly From Vietnam. Illiesia 3 (2): 10-16, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4758631
03BD433BFFF51112FEA7FB26FE68F8AB.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. China: Fujian Province, Ta Chu Lan, 4500 feet, base of Kuatun Mountain, 16 ‐ 20 June 1948, J. Fu, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (USNM). Zhejiang Province, Gutien Shan, 400 m, 26 ° 21 ʹ 05 ʺ N, 119 ° 26 ʹ 12 ʺ E, 7 June 1999, 5 ♂ (PMSL).	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac (2007): A Synopsis Of Styloperlidae (Insecta, Plecoptera) With Description Of Cerconychia Sapa, A New Stonefly From Vietnam. Illiesia 3 (2): 10-16, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4758631
03BD433BFFF51112FEA7FB26FE68F8AB.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The male of this species was redescribed by Uchida & Isobe (1989) from a pair of specimens collected at Kuatun in Fujian Province. Their description is in agreement with the topotype male in the USNM and with the series of males from Zhejiang Province.	en	Stark, Bill P., Sivec, Ignac (2007): A Synopsis Of Styloperlidae (Insecta, Plecoptera) With Description Of Cerconychia Sapa, A New Stonefly From Vietnam. Illiesia 3 (2): 10-16, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4758631
