taxonID	type	description	language	source
FC1A686EFFB8FFEF8F0E457CFDEC0A84.taxon	description	(Fig. 2) urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 61597 B 9 C-FC 57 - 47 DA- 9896 - A 78 BFD 70 CBD 9	en	Klopfstein, Seraina (2022): High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark). Geodiversitas 44 (23): 645-664, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a23
FC1A686EFFB8FFEF8F0E457CFDEC0A84.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype female: FUR- 14680 (part and counterpart; leg. H. Breiner).	en	Klopfstein, Seraina (2022): High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark). Geodiversitas 44 (23): 645-664, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a23
FC1A686EFFB8FFEF8F0E457CFDEC0A84.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. — This fossil is unusual in its three-dimensional preservation, which allows distinguishing not only the structure of the mesosoma in great detail, but also reveals paired bulges present on T 3 - T 5. It owes its name to these little hills on the metasoma.	en	Klopfstein, Seraina (2022): High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark). Geodiversitas 44 (23): 645-664, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a23
FC1A686EFFB8FFEF8F0E457CFDEC0A84.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE HORIZON AND LOCALITY. — Denmark, Jutland, Limfjord region, Skive kommune, Fur. Cement stone.	en	Klopfstein, Seraina (2022): High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark). Geodiversitas 44 (23): 645-664, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a23
FC1A686EFFB8FFEF8F0E457CFDEC0A84.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. — Taxonomic placement: most of the characters that we use here to diagnose Pimplinae are well visible in this specimen (Table 1), and it in terms of body proportions would fit well among some smaller-sized ephialtine genera such as Scambus Hartig, Gregopimpla Momoi or Iseropus Förster. However, the exceptionally well-preserved propodeum reveals a nearly complete carination, which is not a character that is seen anywhere in the subfamily today. As different tribes and genus groups within Pimplinae feature different carinae being reduced, Kopylov et al. (2018) concluded that a full set of carinae is probably the plesiomorphic state in the subfamily. Based on a fossil from the Eocene Tadushi formation, they described a new genus, Crusopimpla, which shows extensive propodeal carination. The two species currently placed in Crusopimpla (C. tadushiensis Kopylov, Spasojevic & Klopfstein and C. redivia (Brues )) only have the forewings and not the hindwings preserved, which is why any statement about the relative lengths of veins 1 - Cu and cu-a (which together form the nervellus) is missing from the original description of this genus. Our species clearly has the nervellus broken below the middle, with vein 1 - Cu about 1.5 × as long as cu-a. It is unclear what the plesiomorphic state of this character might be in the subfamily, but we currently certainly cannot use this character to rule out placement in this genus. We thus place our fossil here and thus expand the generic definition by this character. Also, the genotype C. tadushiensis appears to be dark coloured, although that might be an artefact of preservation, while C. redivia and the specimens added to the genus here show light brown or orange metasomas. Species diagnosis: Compared to the genotype Crusopimpla tadushiensis, C. collina has more slender tergites (e. g., T 2 0.55 × as long as wide, versus 0.32 in C. tadushiensis). Crusopimpla? rediviva is preserved only in lateral view, making measuring of tergite proportions difficult. But the latter species has a much more slender pterostigma (4.2 × longer than wide, vs 3 × in the current species). The two species previously in the genus also do not show any convex bulges on the tergites, even though that characters might have been obscured during fossilization.	en	Klopfstein, Seraina (2022): High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark). Geodiversitas 44 (23): 645-664, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a23
FC1A686EFFB8FFEF8F0E457CFDEC0A84.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Preservation Body in dorsal view. Head probably turned around on the neck, thus showing from below and from the back; antennae missing. Mesosoma rather well preserved, including propodeal carination and details of the scutellar and postscutellar region; fore wings both nearly complete, partial hind wings present; partial legs visible. Metasoma almost complete, including sculptural elements on tergites; ovipositor sheaths well preserved, tip of ovipositor exposed and showing minute details. Body 9.1 mm. Head and mesosoma dark brown; wing veins brown, pterostigma brown except for narrowly light area at base; legs orange. Metasoma orange, dark brown on T 1 and with dark brown patches of various shapes on the remaining tergites (although that might be artefactual); ovipositor orange, its sheaths black. Head. with orientation somewhat uncertain: clearly showing hind side of head, with distinctive foramen magnum and genal carina, but might have turned around on its stalk and showing the ventral side. Mesosoma. rather short and stout; deep notauli converging on basal 1 / 3, then no longer visible; tegulae indicated by lighter areas; prescutellar groove with deep pits on either side, scutellum rather short, and convex; postscutellum outlined; propodeum with distinct carination, corresponding to nearly complete lateromedian and at least partial lateral longitudinal and pleural carinae and at least partial basal and apical transverse carinae, including complete outline of right area externa and area dentipara; indication of either apophyses or extended hind corners of pleural carinae. Fore wing 7.0 mm; areolet closed, broadquadrate to nearly pentagonal, with uneven sides, 4 - M very short, 2 r-m a bit shorter than 3 r-m; 2 m-cu with two bullae, bowed outwards on entire length; 1 cu-a meeting M + Cu opposite 1 - M; short ramulus present; 3 - Cu longer than 2 cu-a; radial cell 2.5 × longer than wide. Hind wing with 1 - Rs about 1.7 × longer than 1 rs-m, 1 - Cu probably about 1.5 × as long as cu-a. Mid and hind legs not well preserved, but rather stout. Metasoma. With T 1 about 0.95 × as long as wide, with strong median longitudinal carinae converging on basal half, then slightly diverging and finally converging again; T 2 0.55 × as long as wide, with basal oblique grooves cutting of anterolateral corners, seemingly convex in-between, colouration showing roundish patterns which probably indicate strong punctuation; T 3 - T 5 with paired roundish bulges that again show signs of strong punctuation; T 7 clearly longer than T 6. Ovipositor sheaths 0.22 × as long as fore wing; ovipositor tip extending from sheaths, with teeth-like outline clear at least on right side.	en	Klopfstein, Seraina (2022): High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark). Geodiversitas 44 (23): 645-664, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a23
FC1A686EFFB7FFEE8DEB42DDFD5F0B60.taxon	description	(Fig. 3) urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 1 F 0 FF 362 - C 1 D 6 - 4988 - 933 D-E 53 B 2 B 1 D 6 B 94	en	Klopfstein, Seraina (2022): High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark). Geodiversitas 44 (23): 645-664, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a23
FC1A686EFFB7FFEE8DEB42DDFD5F0B60.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype male: FUR- 11220 (part and counterpart; leg. E. Rettig).	en	Klopfstein, Seraina (2022): High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark). Geodiversitas 44 (23): 645-664, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a23
FC1A686EFFB7FFEE8DEB42DDFD5F0B60.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. — The name of this species refers to its elongate body shape.	en	Klopfstein, Seraina (2022): High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark). Geodiversitas 44 (23): 645-664, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a23
FC1A686EFFB7FFEE8DEB42DDFD5F0B60.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE HORIZON AND LOCALITY. — Denmark, Jutland, Limfjord region, MorsØ Kommune, Klinten ved Klitgård. Cement stone.	en	Klopfstein, Seraina (2022): High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark). Geodiversitas 44 (23): 645-664, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a23
FC1A686EFFB7FFEE8DEB42DDFD5F0B60.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. — Taxonomic placement: because only a single, though well-preserved male is available to base the description of this species on, subfamily placement is a bit less certain. However, the pattern of grooves and elevated areas on the tergites, which are showing rather consistently in both the part and the counterpart of this fossil, are rare outside this subfamily. It shares its colour pattern with Theronia? furensis, Crusopimpla minuta, C. rettigi and C. violina described here-in. The extensive carination of the propodeum points to the genera related to Theronia Holmgren or to Crusopimpla; placement in the latter is only tentative, as no hind wings are preserved and the state of the nervellus thus cannot be resolved. Species diagnosis: The colour pattern is reminiscent of most other Crusopimpla described here and of Theronia? furensis. Furthermore Crusopimpla collina shows similarly elevated areas on its tergites. The current species differs from all of these and from the other species of the genus by its elongate wings and body.	en	Klopfstein, Seraina (2022): High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark). Geodiversitas 44 (23): 645-664, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a23
FC1A686EFFB7FFEE8DEB42DDFD5F0B60.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Preservation Holotype in lateral to latero-dorsal view. Head partially preserved, no antennae visible. Mesosoma rather well preserved, including part of propodeal carination; fore wings nearly complete, hind wings indiscernible. Metasoma highly complete, including well-preserved male genital organs. Body 10.5 mm. Head and mesosoma dark brown, wing venation orange-brown, with light base of pterostigma. Legs orange. T 1 brown at base, remainder orange, remaining tergites entirely orange; the very tips of parameres dark brown. Head. Rather round, difficult to interpret; antennae missing. Mesosoma. A little elongate; notauli unclear; propodeum with distinct carination, corresponding to nearly complete pleural, lateromedian and maybe lateral longitudinal and partial transvers carinae, spiracle circular. Fore wing 7.1 mm; areolet closed, triangular, receiving vein 2 m-cu at its outermost corner (4 - M nearly obliterate); 2 m-cu with two bullae, weakly bent outwards; pterostigma 4.4 × longer than wide; 1 cu-a meeting M + Cu opposite 1 - M. 1 - Cu clearly longer than 2 cu-a; radial cell 3.6 × longer than wide. Hind legs not well preserved, but rather slender. Metasoma. With T 1 longer than wide, with strong median longitudinal carinae that are nearly parallel on most of its length; T 2 at most a little wider than long, T 3 - T 7 all nearly of the same length, with indications of diagonal grooves cutting off anterolateral corners and subapical transverse grooves. Parameres outlined, showing narrow and pointed tips.	en	Klopfstein, Seraina (2022): High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark). Geodiversitas 44 (23): 645-664, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a23
FC1A686EFFB6FFED8F0A473CFC910921.taxon	description	(Fig. 4)	en	Klopfstein, Seraina (2022): High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark). Geodiversitas 44 (23): 645-664, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a23
FC1A686EFFB6FFED8F0A473CFC910921.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: B 00 D 3333 - 29 A 0 - 4116 - A 6 A 6 - 073 E 6 B 10 D 466	en	Klopfstein, Seraina (2022): High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark). Geodiversitas 44 (23): 645-664, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a23
FC1A686EFFB6FFED8F0A473CFC910921.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype female: FUR- 13076 (part and counterpart, leg. E. Rettig).	en	Klopfstein, Seraina (2022): High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark). Geodiversitas 44 (23): 645-664, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a23
FC1A686EFFB6FFED8F0A473CFC910921.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. — The name of this species refers to its small size.	en	Klopfstein, Seraina (2022): High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark). Geodiversitas 44 (23): 645-664, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a23
FC1A686EFFB6FFED8F0A473CFC910921.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE HORIZON AND LOCALITY. — Denmark, Jutland, Limfjord region, MorsØ Kommune, Svalklit. Cement stone. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Tentatively placed in this species: FUR- 14944 (leg. M. Breiner), FUR- 16636 (leg. O. Burholt).	en	Klopfstein, Seraina (2022): High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark). Geodiversitas 44 (23): 645-664, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a23
FC1A686EFFB6FFED8F0A473CFC910921.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. — Taxonomic placement: this species is very similar to the other species of Crusopimpla described herein. In terms of typical pimpline characters, the only somewhat equivocal one is the shape of vein 2 m-cu, which is less outward-bowed in this species than in any other pimpline described her from the Fur Formation. However, this might just be a consequence of its small size. Placement in Crusopimpla then is not only supported by the very similar colour pattern to C. rettigi and C. violina, but also by the clearly visible propodeal carination. Crusopimpla minuta can be distinguished from any other species of the genus by its small size. DESCRIPTION Preservation Holotype in lateral view. Head and base of antennae preserved. Mesosoma rather well preserved, including details of metanotal area and part of propodeal carination; fore wings nearly complete, one partial hind wings partly discernible. Metasoma complete with ovipositor sheaths, the latter maybe broken off and only partial (unclear). Body 5.3 mm. Head and mesosoma black or dark brown, wing venation orange-brown. Antennae entirely orange (holotype), as are the legs. T 1 dark only at the very base, rest orange, remaining tergites entirely orange; ovipositor sheaths dark brown.	en	Klopfstein, Seraina (2022): High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark). Geodiversitas 44 (23): 645-664, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a23
FC1A686EFFB6FFED8F0A473CFC910921.taxon	description	Head. Transverse, wider than long; only base of antenna preserved, with scape rather short and wide. Mesosoma. Rather stout; notauli unclear, maybe indicated at front of mesoscutum; propodeum distinctly shortened, with nearly circular spiracle, pleural, lateral longitudinal and at least partial median longitudinal carinae present, both transverse carinae evident at least medially. Fore wing 3.8 mm; areolet closed, quadrate, with uneven sides, 4 - M very short, 2 r-m about as long as 3 r-m; 2 m-cu not well preserved, only very little bent outwards; pterostigma 2.7 × longer than wide; 1 cu-a meeting M + Cu clearly distad from 1 - M; 3 - Cu clearly longer than 2 cu-a; radial cell 2.4 × longer than wide. Hind wing with 1 - Rs about 1.5 × longer than 1 rs-m, 1 - Cu maybe 1.5 × as long as cu-a. Hind legs not well preserved, but rather stout. Metasoma. With T 1 showing an expansion just after its base in lateral view and an indication of what is probably the spiracle at about 0.25 its length; median longitudinal carina not well visible but maybe indicated; T 2 probably shorter than wide (but lateral view), following tergites clearly transverse. Ovipositor sheaths at least 0.34 × as long as fore wing (tip not preserved), rather robust.	en	Klopfstein, Seraina (2022): High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark). Geodiversitas 44 (23): 645-664, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a23
FC1A686EFFB5FFED8F0245FAFB780A84.taxon	description	(Fig. 5) urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: CEF 582 AD-D 348 - 4 DF 2 - 9 C 66 - 05 C 6 E 3 E 80885	en	Klopfstein, Seraina (2022): High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark). Geodiversitas 44 (23): 645-664, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a23
FC1A686EFFB5FFED8F0245FAFB780A84.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype female: FUR- 11209 (part and counterpart; leg. E. Rettig). Paratypes (both females): FUR- 11219, 13074.	en	Klopfstein, Seraina (2022): High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark). Geodiversitas 44 (23): 645-664, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a23
FC1A686EFFB5FFED8F0245FAFB780A84.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. — This species is dedicated to Mr Erwin Rettig, who collected the three specimens included in the type series.	en	Klopfstein, Seraina (2022): High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark). Geodiversitas 44 (23): 645-664, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a23
FC1A686EFFB5FFED8F0245FAFB780A84.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE HORIZON AND LOCALITY. — Denmark, Jutland, Limfjord region, MorsØ Kommune, Klinten ved Klitgård (holotype and FUR- 11219), Svalklit (FUR- 13074). Cement stone.	en	Klopfstein, Seraina (2022): High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark). Geodiversitas 44 (23): 645-664, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a23
FC1A686EFFB5FFED8F0245FAFB780A84.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. — Taxonomic placement: this species is very similar to Crusopimpla violina – see reasoning for subfamily and genus placement there. Species diagnosis: together with Crusopimpla violina, C. rettigi can be distinguished from other species of the genus by their colour pattern. From C. violina, it can be distinguished by its much stouter tergites and the entirely orange antennae, while they are at least partly dark brown in the other species.	en	Klopfstein, Seraina (2022): High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark). Geodiversitas 44 (23): 645-664, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a23
FC1A686EFFB5FFED8F0245FAFB780A84.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Preservation Holotype and paratype FUR- 11219 in dorsal, paratype FUR- 13074 in lateral view. Head in rather well preserved, in FUR- 13074 including mandibles. Antennae nearly complete in holotype, only base preserved in paratypes. Mesosoma rather well preserved, including part of propodeal carination; fore wings in holotype complete, in paratypes partial, hind wings indicated but with carination only weakly preserved, a bit better in FUR- 11219. Metasoma in holotype complete, in FUR- 11219 missing most of ovipositor and in FUR- 13074 from T 7 onwards. Body 8.6 - 10.5 (10.5) mm. Head and mesosoma black or dark brown, wing venation dark brown in forewing, with light base of pterostigma, and light brownish in hind wings. Antennae entirely orange (holotype). T 1 dark at base, orange at apex, remaining tergites entirely orange, legs orange; ovipositor sheaths dark brown. Head. Transverse, wider than long; mandible with two teeth (FUR- 13074), the lower a bit shorter; antennae with maybe 24 - 30 segments, median flagellomeres only slightly longer than wide, apical ones quadrate. Mesosoma. Rather stout; notauli only visible anteriorly, rest unclear; propodeum distinctly shortened, with some faint traces of carinae. Fore wing 6.1 - 8.25 (8.25) mm; areolet closed, quadrate, with uneven sides, 4 - M very short, 2 r-m about as long as 3 r-m; 2 m-cu with two bullae, bent outwards; pterostigma 2.4 - 2.6 × longer than wide; 1 cu-a meeting M + Cu a little distad from 1 - M; 3 - Cu clearly longer than 2 cu-a; radial cell 2.5 - 3.0 × longer than wide. Hind wing with 1 - Rs about 1.9 × longer than 1 rs-m, 1 - Cu about 1.1 × as long as cu-a. Hind legs not well preserved, but rather stout, hind femur maybe 3.0 - 3.2 × longer than wide. Metasoma. With T 1 about 0.7 - 0.85 (0.85) × longer than wide, with strong median longitudinal carina converging on basal half, then parallel and diverging towards the posterior end; T 2 0.4 - 0.45 (0.45) × as long as wide. Ovipositor sheaths 0.30 × as long as fore wing, rather robust.	en	Klopfstein, Seraina (2022): High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark). Geodiversitas 44 (23): 645-664, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a23
FC1A686EFFB4FFEB8F0C423DFE8D0B62.taxon	description	(Fig. 6) urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: F 090 B 462 - A 1 A 1 - 49 B 2 - A 64 C- 17866 C 820255	en	Klopfstein, Seraina (2022): High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark). Geodiversitas 44 (23): 645-664, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a23
FC1A686EFFB4FFEB8F0C423DFE8D0B62.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype female: FUR- 13061 (part and counterpart; leg. E. Rettig). Paratypes (all females): FUR- 11212, 11269, 11216 (leg. E. Rettig), FUR- 13817, 16633 (leg. O. Burholt).	en	Klopfstein, Seraina (2022): High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark). Geodiversitas 44 (23): 645-664, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a23
FC1A686EFFB4FFEB8F0C423DFE8D0B62.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. — This species is named for the elegant curves of the dorsomedian carinae on the first tergite, which remind of the shape of a violin.	en	Klopfstein, Seraina (2022): High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark). Geodiversitas 44 (23): 645-664, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a23
FC1A686EFFB4FFEB8F0C423DFE8D0B62.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE HORIZON AND LOCALITY. — Denmark, Jutland, Limfjord region, MorsØ Kommune, Svalklit (holotype), Klinten ved Klitgård (FUR- 11212, 11216, 11269), unknown (FUR- 13817, 16633). Cement stone. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — The following specimens are tentatively placed in this species: FUR- 10048, 10049, 10248, 11211, 11266, 11549, 13070, 16638.	en	Klopfstein, Seraina (2022): High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark). Geodiversitas 44 (23): 645-664, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a23
FC1A686EFFB4FFEB8F0C423DFE8D0B62.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. — Taxonomic placement: Subfamily placement of this species is somewhat less certain than in some of the other taxa (Table 1), as the ovipositor is somewhat more slender here. However, the remaining characters firmly point to this subfamily nevertheless. It shares its colour pattern (dark head and entire mesosoma, almost entirely orange metasoma and legs) with numerous extant ichneumonid species across many different subfamilies, including many Pimplinae, and with Theronia? furensis, Crusopimpla minuta and C. rettigi described here-in. From the T. furensis, it differs by the nervellus being broken clearly below the middle, a character not present in any species of the Theronia group nor the tribe Pimplini. The pronounced carination on the propodeum, even though not as clearly preserved as in C. minuta and C. collina, once more points to Crusopimpla as the most likely genus for this species, and it indeed shares many characters with C. collina as well as with the two species formerly included in this genus. Species diagnosis: From the otherwise similar C. rettigi, this species can be distinguished by its longer tergites and at least partly dark brown antenna (paratype FUR- 13817) and from C. minuta by its much larger size. The colouration, especially the orange colouration of the metasoma distinguishes this species from all other Crusopimpla species.	en	Klopfstein, Seraina (2022): High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark). Geodiversitas 44 (23): 645-664, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a23
FC1A686EFFB4FFEB8F0C423DFE8D0B62.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Preservation Holotype and paratypes all in dorsal view. Head in all cases partially preserved, in one paratype (FUR- 13817) including a few of the median flagellomeres. Mesosoma rather well preserved, including part of propodeal carination; fore wings in all four fossils complete or nearly complete, hind wings indicated but with carination only weakly preserved, somewhat difficult to interpret. Metasoma in all four types almost complete, in holotype and paratype FUR- 11269 including ovipositor sheaths and base of ovipositor. Body 8.6 - 11.4 (8.6) mm. Head and mesosoma black or dark brown, wing venation dark brown in forewing, with light base of pterostigma, and light brownish in hind wings. Antennae dark brown dorsally, lighter ventrally. T 1 dark at base, orange at apex, remaining tergites entirely orange, legs orange; ovipositor sheaths dark brown. Head. Not well preserved, not much wider than long, antennae missing except in paratype FUR- 13817 which features some of the median flagellomeres, which are all at least twice as long as wide. Mesosoma. Rather elongate compared to other pimplines; notauli converging on basal ¼, then parallel; scutellum of normal dimensions; propodeum with distinct carination, corresponding to nearly complete basal and probably also apical transverse, lateromedian and maybe lateral longitudinal and pleural carinae. Fore wing 7 - 8.8 (7) mm; areolet closed, quadrate, with uneven sides, 4 - M very short, 2 r-m a bit shorter than 3 r-m; 2 m-cu with two bullae, bent outwards; pterostigma 2.8 - 3.4 × longer than wide; 1 cu-a meeting M + Cu opposite 1 - M or a little distal from it (in holotype); 3 - Cu clearly longer than 2 cu-a; radial cell 2.5 - 3.1 × longer than wide. Hind wing w ith 1 - Rs about 1.4 - 1.6 (1.5) × longer than 1 rs-m, 1 - Cu about 1.5 × as long as cu-a. Hind legs not well preserved, but rather stout. Metasoma. With T 1 about 1.0 - 1.2 (1.2) × longer than wide, with strong median longitudinal carina converging at least on basal half, then diverging; T 2 0.5 - 0.7 (0.7) × as long as wide. Ovipositor sheaths 0.30 - 0.33 × as long as fore wing, rather robust.	en	Klopfstein, Seraina (2022): High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark). Geodiversitas 44 (23): 645-664, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a23
FC1A686EFFB3FFEA8E9547FDFA35093B.taxon	description	(Fig. 7)	en	Klopfstein, Seraina (2022): High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark). Geodiversitas 44 (23): 645-664, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a23
FC1A686EFFB3FFEA8E9547FDFA35093B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype examined at the Natural History Museum in Copenhagen. TYPE HORIZON AND LOCALITY. — The type locality is given as “ Thy ” in original description, probably referring to the traditional Thy district in the Limfjord region in Jutland, Denmark. Additional specimens are from Denmark, Jutland, Limfjord region, Skive Kommune, Stolleklinten (FUR- 11922, 12707), ManhØje, Den nye grav (FUR- 11610); MorsØ Kommune, Gullerup (FUR- 11110); and Ejerslev Molergrav, 56 ° 55 ’ 5 ” N, 8 ° 55 ’ 6 ” E (MOL-MM- 3141); unknown (FUR- 16635). MATERIAL EXAMINED. — All females: MOL-MM- 3141, FUR- 10099, 11110, 11610, 11922, 12707, 16635. The following specimens are tentatively placed in this species: FUR- 9645, 10100, 11163, 11267, 11342, 13075, 15841.	en	Klopfstein, Seraina (2022): High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark). Geodiversitas 44 (23): 645-664, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a23
FC1A686EFFB3FFEA8E9547FDFA35093B.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. — Taxonomic placement: Henriksen correctly identified Pimplinae as the most likely subfamily. The areolet shape, outwardsbowed 2 m-cu in the forewing, as well as the short and stout T 1 and robust, protruding ovipositor clearly indicate this subfamily. The species was originally placed in Pimpla, but that was nearly fifty years before Henry Townes profoundly revised the generic classification of Darwin wasps (Townes 1969). While generic placement is ambiguous based on the holotype alone, the additional fossils here-in associated with this species are much better preserved. The yellow or orange ground colour and robust ovipositor point to either Xanthopimpla or to the Theronia group of genera. The in some specimens well-visible mandibles with two teeth exclude the former, which has twisted mandibles that appear unidentate in lateral or front view. Within the Theronia group, only Epitheronia has the lower tooth of the mandible distinctly shorter than the upper tooth. Species diagnosis: the tri-coloured antenna distinguishes this species from all extant Epitheronia. There are two fossil species currently associated with the Theronia group, both described from the Miocene Florissant formation by Cockerell (1919): Theronia wickhami Cockerell, 1919 and Mesopimpla seqoiarum Cockerell, 1919. We obtained photographs of the former from the University of Colorado Museum of Natural History, and it belongs to the Cremastinae. The whereabouts of the latter is unknown, but according to the original description, it is mainly black. Furthermore, drawings of the wing veins show that forewing vein 2 m-cu is rather straight (bowed outwards in the new species) and that hindwing vein 1 - Cu is longer than cu-a (distinctly shorter in E. stigmatica n. comb.).	en	Klopfstein, Seraina (2022): High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark). Geodiversitas 44 (23): 645-664, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a23
FC1A686EFFB3FFEA8E9547FDFA35093B.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Preservation Holotype rather poorly preserved, dorsal view. Head only partial, antennae missing except for some barely visible basal segments. Mesosoma poorly preserved, mesoscutum apparently broken off except for narrow, dark borders; left fore and hind wing well-preserved, traces of about two legs. Metasoma slightly better preserved, most tergites clearly or at least vaguely outlined, dark colouration only indicated in parts as slightly darker brown; ovipositor sheaths and base well preserved. Best-preserved specimen (MOL-MM- 3141) shown in lateral view. Head including two complete antennae, mesosoma without much detail, forewings and a partial hind wing and large parts of all six legs present. Metasoma almost complete; ovipositor sheaths well preserved. Additional specimens either in ventral (FUR- 10099), dorsal (FUR- 11610) or lateral view (FUR- 11110, 11922), in two cases (FUR- 10099, 11922) with nearly complete antennae and in two with well-preserved legs showing enlarged claws (FUR- 11110, 11922). Body 9.1 - 13.2 (9.1) mm. Yellow to light orange, with dark brown compound eyes and maybe head and marks on mesosoma, especially around wing base. Antennae orange on basal third, then with broad white ring, dark brown on apical 0.4. Wing veins dark except for light mark on basal c. 3 rd of pterostigma; legs orange, hind tibia apically and hind tarsi darkened (see FUR- 11110). Dark markings at base of tergites 1 – at least 5 (see also discussion of colour preservation); ovipositor sheaths dark. Head. Very short, with large compound eyes; in specimens MOL-MM- 3141 and FUR- 11922 with bidentate mandibles well visible, lower tooth distinctly shorter and a bit more narrow than upper tooth. Antenna about 1.1 × longer than fore wing, of even width, with about 34 to 39 flagellomeres; scape a little longer than wide, pedicel short, first flagellomere about 3.5 × longer than wide, subsequent ones decreasing in length to nearly quadrate in most apical flagellomeres. Mesosoma. Rather short and stout; deep notauli converging on basal half, then nearly parallel (FUR- 11610); dark patches at fore wing base probably corresponding to axial sclerites; scutellum with transverse carinulae in prescutellar groove; propodeum higher than long, carination somewhat unclear, but seemingly with at least some closed areas and pleural carinae (MOL-MM- 3141, FUR- 11110). Fore wing 8.0 - 9.5 (8.0) mm; areolet closed, quadrate, with uneven sides, 4 - M very short, 2 r-m a bit shorter than 3 r-m; 2 m-cu curved outwards, with two bullae; pterostigma 3.5 - 4.2 (4.0) × longer than wide; 1 cu-a meeting M + Cu a little posterior to 1 - M; 3 - Cu much longer than 2 cu-a; radial cell 3.3 - 3.7 (3.3) × longer than wide. Hind wing with 1 - Rs about 1.5 × longer than 1 rs-m (holotype, FUR- 11610), 1 - Cu 0.6 - 0.7 (0.65) × as long as cu-a. Legs rather well preserved, with two spurs at mid and hind tibial apex; hind femur about 2.9 - 3.6 (3.6) × longer than wide; claws rather large. Metasoma. Rather stout, T 1 about 0.8 - 1.0 (1.0) × as long as wide, with strong median longitudinal carinae converging on basal half (FUR- 11110); T 2 0.5 - 0.7 (0.7) × as long as wide, T 6 about the same length as T 7, T 8 very short. Ovipositor sheaths robust, 0.25 - 0.3 (0.3) × as long as fore wing; rather broad, covered with very dense and short hairs (MOL-MM- 3141).	en	Klopfstein, Seraina (2022): High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark). Geodiversitas 44 (23): 645-664, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a23
FC1A686EFFB3FFEA8E9547FDFA35093B.taxon	discussion	REMARK The holotype of Pimpla stigmatica is rather poorly preserved, with the body mostly just outlined in the fossil, without showing any details. To avoid defining unnecessary new names, I here adopt this name for the species with the three-coloured antenna that is found rather commonly in the Fur Formation deposits. The venation of the fore and hind wing of the holotype fits rather well with these specimens, and there are no discernible characters on the body that would contradict the association, even though the holotype is at the lower end of the size spectrum.	en	Klopfstein, Seraina (2022): High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark). Geodiversitas 44 (23): 645-664, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a23
FC1A686EFFB2FFE98DD345B5FAC40A84.taxon	description	(Fig. 8) urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 1 DBBFE 33 - BF 2 E- 4 D 19 - A 4 CB- 7 E 2792 C 50 A 5 D	en	Klopfstein, Seraina (2022): High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark). Geodiversitas 44 (23): 645-664, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a23
FC1A686EFFB2FFE98DD345B5FAC40A84.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype female: FUR- 11207 (part and counterpart; leg. E. Rettig).	en	Klopfstein, Seraina (2022): High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark). Geodiversitas 44 (23): 645-664, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a23
FC1A686EFFB2FFE98DD345B5FAC40A84.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. — The species epithet refers to the formation of origin.	en	Klopfstein, Seraina (2022): High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark). Geodiversitas 44 (23): 645-664, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a23
FC1A686EFFB2FFE98DD345B5FAC40A84.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE HORIZON AND LOCALITY. — Denmark, Jutland, Limfjord region, MorsØ Kommune, Klinten ved Klitgård. Cement stone.	en	Klopfstein, Seraina (2022): High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark). Geodiversitas 44 (23): 645-664, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a23
FC1A686EFFB2FFE98DD345B5FAC40A84.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. — Taxonomic placement: the placement of this taxon in Pimplinae is rather unequivocal from the combination of characters indicated in Table 1. Furthermore, the claws seem somewhat enlarged, even though this interpretation is somewhat uncertain. The propodeum has at least some distinct carinae, a feature that is rare in extant Pimplinae which mostly have their propodeal carination at least partially reduced. The exception are some members of the genera Crusopimpla, Xanthopimpla, Lissopimpla Kriechbaumer and the Theronia group of genera, which all share a rather short metasoma and robust ovipositor with the current species. The first is a now extinct genus currently comprising only two species; we here added two additional ones and complemented the genus definition by an important character, which had not been visible in the previously known fossils: the high ratio of vein 1 - Cu to cu-a in the hind wing (nervellus broken below the middle, see under Crusopimpla violina). Crusopimpla thus can be ruled out as placement for this fossil, which has vein 1 - Cu a little shorter than cu-a. The remaining three genera would all fit in that respect, but the colour pattern of this species points to the Theronia group as a most likely placement: Xanthopimpla species have a light ground colour of the mesosoma, and Lissopimpla can be identified by extended light colouring on the mesosoma and a black patch in the fore wing. Placement in Theronia or any of its related genera must however be regarded as tentative, as most members of this genus group also have a yellow or orange ground colour of the mesosoma. Species diagnosis: from most extant members of the Theronia genus group and also from most other pimplines from the Fur formation, this species can be distinguished on the basis of the colouration, i. e., dark mesosoma and head and entirely orange metasoma (except for T 1) and orange legs. It only shares this colour pattern with Crusopimpla? violina, see under that latter species for differential characters.	en	Klopfstein, Seraina (2022): High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark). Geodiversitas 44 (23): 645-664, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a23
FC1A686EFFB2FFE98DD345B5FAC40A84.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Preservation Lateral to dorso-lateral view. Head with first few segments of antennae. Mesosoma rather well preserved, including partial propodeal carination; all four wings nearly complete, all legs partially visible, often including claws. Metasoma almost complete; ovipositor sheaths nearly entirely preserved, with tip distinct. Partial Diptera fossil with wing fragment, partial legs and partial abdomen overlaying wasp fossil. Body 11. 1 mm. Black or dark brown, orange on mouth parts, at least base of antennae, all legs including coxae and tarsi, metasoma from tergite 2, ovipositor sheaths dark brown; basal c. 3 rd of pterostigma whitish. Head. Rather small and roundish, antenna with short scape and pedicel. Mesosoma. Rather short and stout; deep notauli visible over at least a third of mesoscutum, a little converging but still far apart when they become invisible; scutellum rather short; mesopleuron at least with lower and probably also upper lateral portion of epicnemical carina visible. Propodeum about as long as high, with some distinct carination, corresponding to at least one transverse and a partial median longitudinal and pleural carinae. Fore wing 9.5 mm; areolet closed, quadrate, with uneven sides, 4 - M very short, 2 r-m a bit shorter than 3 r-m; 2 m-cu with two bullae, clearly bent outwards; pterostigma about 3.5 × longer than wide; 1 cu-a meeting M + Cu slightly distal to 1 - M; 3 - Cu clearly longer than 2 cu-a; radial cell 3.2 × longer than wide. Hind wing w ith 1 - Rs 1.5 × longer than 1 rs-m, 1 - Cu a little shorter than cu-a (counterpart), but end of the latter a bit uncertain. Legs all partially preserved, mostly with femora and tibiae rather indistinct, but tarsi visible even with claws, some of which vaguely show what is probably a basal lobe. Metasoma. Rather stout, with T 1 less than 1.5 × as long as wide, with strong median longitudinal carina converging at least on basal two-thirds; T 2 transverse, less than 0.8 × as long as wide, remaining segments even shorter. Ovipositor sheaths c. 0.25 × as long as fore wing, their tips partly open to allow extrusion of ovipositor tips.	en	Klopfstein, Seraina (2022): High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark). Geodiversitas 44 (23): 645-664, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a23
FC1A686EFFB0FFE88F1342BDFC630A84.taxon	description	(Fig. 9) urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 0000 D 63 C-F 7 FE- 468 C- 9150 - D 313 E 71589 D 3	en	Klopfstein, Seraina (2022): High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark). Geodiversitas 44 (23): 645-664, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a23
FC1A686EFFB0FFE88F1342BDFC630A84.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype female: MOL-MHM- 5412 (part and counterpart; MOL; leg. H. Madsen, 1995).	en	Klopfstein, Seraina (2022): High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark). Geodiversitas 44 (23): 645-664, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a23
FC1A686EFFB0FFE88F1342BDFC630A84.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. — This species is named for its dark mesoscutum.	en	Klopfstein, Seraina (2022): High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark). Geodiversitas 44 (23): 645-664, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a23
FC1A686EFFB0FFE88F1342BDFC630A84.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE HORIZON AND LOCALITY. — Denmark, Jutland, Limfjord region, MorsØ Kommune, Ejerslev. Silstrup Member, + 25 - 30 (Blok “ E ”).	en	Klopfstein, Seraina (2022): High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark). Geodiversitas 44 (23): 645-664, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a23
FC1A686EFFB0FFE88F1342BDFC630A84.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. — Taxonomic placement: this species shows most of the typical pimpline characters listed in Table 1, although the ovipositor appears somewhat more slender than in other species of this subfamily from the Fur Formation. The nervellus, which is broken above the middle, and the yellow or orange ground colour fits well with members of the Theronia genus group, although the current specimen appears somewhat more elongate, especially in terms of the hind femora. Generic placement must thus be regarded as tentative only, as many diagnostic characters such as details of the propodeum are not well visible in the single specimen of this species. Species diagnosis: this species shares its colour pattern with some Xanthopimpla and Theronia - group species, including X. crescendae n. sp. and Epitheronia stigmatica n. comb. from the same formation. From the latter two, it can easily be distinguished by the uniformly dark colour of the antennae. It is in general more slender than all known extant and fossil Xanthopimpla and most Theronia - group species, especially in terms of the hind legs.	en	Klopfstein, Seraina (2022): High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark). Geodiversitas 44 (23): 645-664, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a23
FC1A686EFFB0FFE88F1342BDFC630A84.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Preservation Dorsal view, but T 1 mostly replaced by hind coxae. Head large parts of both antennae present. Mesosoma with mes- oscutum rather well preserved, remainder somewhat less so; front wings complete, hind wings almost complete, hind legs partially visible. Metasoma almost complete, except first tergite, in whose place the hind coxae show rather prominently; ovipositor sheaths nearly entirely preserved, with tip distinct. Body 10.8 mm. Orange with dark brown head, antennae, mesoscutum, wing veins, and ovipositor sheaths. Head. Rather small and roundish, antenna with about 30 flagellomeres, basal segments about 1.5 × longer than wide, median and apical segments square to transverse. Mesosoma. Rather slender; deep notauli visible over at least half of mesoscutum, first a little converging, then nearly parallel. Propodeum not well preserved, maybe with some carination indicated. Fore wing 8.7 mm; areolet closed, quadrate, with uneven sides, 4 - M very short, 2 r-m a bit shorter than 3 r-m; 2 m-cu with two bullae, clearly bent outwards; pterostigma about 3.8 × longer than wide; 1 cu-a meeting M + Cu opposite of 1 - M; 3 - Cu clearly longer than 2 cu-a; radial cell 3 × longer than wide. Hind wing with 1 - Rs 1.5 × longer than 1 rs-m, 1 - Cu probably about 0.8 × as long as cu-a, but end of the latter a bit uncertain. Hind legs partially preserved, rather slender, hind femur not conspicuously thickened as in other Fur Formation pimplines with yellow or orange ground colour. Metasoma. Rather stout, with T 1 a little longer than wide; T 2 transverse, about 0.6 × as long as wide, remaining segments even shorter. Ovipositor sheaths c. 0.4 × as long as fore wing.	en	Klopfstein, Seraina (2022): High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark). Geodiversitas 44 (23): 645-664, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a23
FC1A686EFFAFFFF68F1042DDFE480901.taxon	description	(Fig. 10) urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 412 A 6 A 93 - 542 C- 4326 - 83 F 6 - BFBC 29358 A 4 D	en	Klopfstein, Seraina (2022): High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark). Geodiversitas 44 (23): 645-664, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a23
FC1A686EFFAFFFF68F1042DDFE480901.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype female: FUR- 10046 (leg. M. Breiner).	en	Klopfstein, Seraina (2022): High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark). Geodiversitas 44 (23): 645-664, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a23
FC1A686EFFAFFFF68F1042DDFE480901.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. — This wasp is dedicated to Alice Cibois, to honour her dedication as president of the Swiss Systematics Society and her creative and innovative efforts to promote our craft among the general public. She especially drew attention to the ongoing discovery and naming of new species through the curated list “ New Species Swiss Made ”, which year after year feature dozens to hundred new species across the tree of life.	en	Klopfstein, Seraina (2022): High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark). Geodiversitas 44 (23): 645-664, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a23
FC1A686EFFAFFFF68F1042DDFE480901.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE HORIZON AND LOCALITY. — Denmark, Jutland, Limfjord region, Skive Kommune, Fur. Silstrup member. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Tentatively placed in this species: FUR- 14684.	en	Klopfstein, Seraina (2022): High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark). Geodiversitas 44 (23): 645-664, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a23
FC1A686EFFAFFFF68F1042DDFE480901.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. — Taxonomic placement: while many of the characters that can be used to diagnose Pimplinae are well visible in this specimen (Table 1), the most unequivocal evidence stems from generic placement: an association with Xanthopimpla is evidenced by the colour pattern (especially the paired dark marks at least on tergite 3, robust legs, very short hind wing 1 - Cu compared to cu-a, stout metasoma, and robust ovipositor. Forewing vein 2 m-cu furthermore shows a zig-zag pattern that is very rare outside that genus. Species diagnosis: this species is very similar both in colour pattern and wing venation to many extant species of the genus, but has a more extended light mark at the base of the pterostigma. It is much larger than the two fossil species from Messel, even than X. biamosa (forewing 8.0 mm), from which it can be further distinguished by the lateral dark marks on T 1 in the latter. From Epitheronia stigmatica n. comb., it can be distinguished by the larger size, light coloured mesoscutum, more sinuous 4 Rs in the front wing, and even shorter 1 - Cu compared to cu-a in the hind wing.	en	Klopfstein, Seraina (2022): High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark). Geodiversitas 44 (23): 645-664, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a23
FC1A686EFFAFFFF68F1042DDFE480901.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Preservation Dorsal view. Head partially preserved, including extreme base of antennae. Mesosoma rather well preserved, including propodeal carination; all four wings nearly complete, partial hind legs visible. Metasoma almost complete; ovipositor partly, sheaths nearly entirely preserved. Body 11.3 mm. Yellow to light orange, with dark brown compound eyes, wing base, wing veins except basal c. 3 rd of pterostigma; dark paired spots evident on T 3, seemingly absent from the other tergites (see also discussion of colour preservation); ovipositor light orange, sheaths brownish. Head. Distorted, with compound eyes overlapping; scape, pedicel and part of first flagellomeres preserved, of normal dimensions. Mesosoma. Rather short and stout; deep notauli converging on basal ¼, then parallel; dark patches at fore wing base probably corresponding to axial sclerites; scutellum rather short, with transverse carinulae in prescutellar groove; propodeum with distinct carination, corresponding to nearly complete basal and probably also apical transverse, lateromedian and maybe lateral longitudinal and pleural carinae. Fore wing 9.2 mm; areolet closed, slightly petiolate above, quadrate with uneven sides (4 - M very short, 2 r-m a bit shorter than 3 r-m); 2 m-cu with two bullae, with a weak zig-zag that anteriorly is bent outwards, then inwards in front of the posterior bulla; pterostigma 3.5 × longer than wide; 1 cu-a meeting M + Cu opposite 1 - M; 3 - Cu a bit longer than 2 cu-a; radial cell 3.5 × longer than wide. Hind wing with 1 - Rs about 3 × longer than 1 rs-m, 1 - Cu 0.3 × as long as cu-a. Hind leg not well preserved, but rather stout. Metasoma. With T 1 about 0.7 × longer than wide, with strong median longitudinal carina converging at least on basal two-thirds; T 2 0.4 × as long as wide, with basal oblique grooves indicated and maybe a preapical transverse groove present. T 3 with paired dark patches on basal half and preapical transverse groove indicated. T 4 with weak shadows of paired marks, unclear on remainder of tergites. Ovipositor sheaths c. 0.35 × as long as fore wing; rather broad, covered with very dense and short hairs.	en	Klopfstein, Seraina (2022): High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark). Geodiversitas 44 (23): 645-664, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a23
FC1A686EFFAEFFF58F2545DDFE890A84.taxon	description	(Fig. 11) urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 343 B 9824 - 38 A 4 - 45 C 6 - 8730 - E 0 B 51 D 695735	en	Klopfstein, Seraina (2022): High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark). Geodiversitas 44 (23): 645-664, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a23
FC1A686EFFAEFFF58F2545DDFE890A84.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype FUR- 11214 (male?, part and counterpart; leg. E. Rettig), paratypes FUR- 13065 (female), FUR- 10918 (sex unknown).	en	Klopfstein, Seraina (2022): High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark). Geodiversitas 44 (23): 645-664, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a23
FC1A686EFFAEFFF58F2545DDFE890A84.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. — This wasp is dedicated to my dear friend Tabia Stoffel, nickname “ Crescendo ”, for her unwavering support over the years.	en	Klopfstein, Seraina (2022): High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark). Geodiversitas 44 (23): 645-664, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a23
FC1A686EFFAEFFF58F2545DDFE890A84.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE HORIZON AND LOCALITY. — Denmark, Jutland, Limfjord region, MorsØ Kommune, Klinten ved Klitgård (holotype); Svalklit (FUR- 13065). Skive Kommune, Østklinten (FUR- 10918). Cement stone. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Tentatively identified as the same species: FUR- 13068, 16642, 17232, 17235.	en	Klopfstein, Seraina (2022): High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark). Geodiversitas 44 (23): 645-664, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a23
FC1A686EFFAEFFF58F2545DDFE890A84.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. — Taxonomic placement: the areolet shape, outwardsbowed 2 m-cu in the forewing, as well as the short and stout T 1 and robust, protruding ovipositor clearly indicate Pimplinae. But most of all, there is clear evidence for placing this species in Xanthopimpla: narrow (twisted) mandibles (visible in holotype), yellow or orange ground colouration with paired, dark markings on several tergites, stout legs, extensive carination of the propodeum, hind wing with 1 - Cu shorter than cu-a (nervellus broken above middle), large claws. Species diagnosis: this species stands out within the genus by its almost or entirely dark mesoscutum and broad light mark at the base of the pterostigma, a combination not seen in any extant nor in the three known fossil species of the genus. Xanthopimpla biamosa Khalaim, 2008 from the Oligocene of Biamo (Russia) furthermore has much shorter and stouter hind femora and two lateral dark marks on tergite 1, instead of its base being dark. X. messelensis Spasojevic et al., 2018 from the mid Eocene deposit in Messel has a very narrow, triangular areolet and dark basal bands instead of clearly disconnected spots on tergites 2 - 3. And X. praeclara Spasojevic, Wedmann & Klopfstein, 2018, also from Messel, can be distinguished by the entirely yellow tergite 2. Among the here-in described Fur fossil species, T. nigriscutum n. sp. is most similar to X. ciboisae n. sp., from which it can be distinguished by its dark mesoscutum, smaller size and more slender metasoma.	en	Klopfstein, Seraina (2022): High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark). Geodiversitas 44 (23): 645-664, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a23
FC1A686EFFAEFFF58F2545DDFE890A84.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Preservation Holotype preserved in dorsal view, with head including most of one and a partial second antenna, most of mesosoma, one nearly complete but somewhat distorted and one longitudinally folded forewing, two partial hind wings, partial hind legs, and metasoma except for its tip. Metasoma especially well-preserved, including traces of microsculpture on the tergites. Paratype in dorsal view, head without antennae, most of mesosoma, partial fore wings, one nearly complete hind wing, metasoma except for its tip. Body c. 7.8 - 9.3 (c. 7.8) mm. Yellow to orange, with dark brown head, antennae uniformly orange. Dark on entire mesoscutum except maybe two lateral patches, basal part of propodeum, wing veins except basal half of pterostigma, basal two thirds of T 1, paired spots on T 2 to T 4, on T 5 - 6 these spots combining into a basal dark stripe. Head. In holotype turned upward to show from front, rather high with large compound eyes, these seemingly converging towards ventral (but this might be an artefact); with very narrow, darkened and bent mandibular tips than might indicate either a single tooth or strongly narrowed and twisted mandibles. Antennae incomplete, showing at least 23 clearly outlined flagellomeres (estimated: 26 in total), these in proximal half about twice as long as wide, after middle about 1.5 ×, and penultimate segments about as long as wide. Mesosoma. Rather slender, in holotype distorted between mesoscutum and propodeum. Mesoscutum about as long as wide, with strongly converging but not meeting notauli. Propodeum with carination partially preserved (holotype), showing at least basal transverse, and lateral parts of apical transverse, and part of the median longitudinal carinae. Fore wing 5.5 - 6.3 (5.5) mm; areolet closed, quadrate, with uneven sides, 4 - M very short, 2 r-m a bit shorter than 3 r-m; 2 m-cu not well preserved in holotype but clearly bowing outwards in paratype; pterostigma 3.7 - 3.9 (3.7) × longer than wide; 1 cu-a meeting M + Cu opposite 1 - M; 3 - Cu a bit longer than 2 cu-a; radial cell 3.2 - 3.3 × (3.3) longer than wide. Hind wing with 1 - Rs about 1.8 × (paratype) longer than 1 rs-m, 1 - Cu 0.5 - 0.7 × (0.5) as long as cu-a. Hind leg very short and stout, femur about 2.5 × longer than wide. Tarsal claw discernible, rather large. Metasoma. With T 1 about 1.1 × longer than wide, with strong median longitudinal carina converging on basal half, parallel posteriorly; T 2 0.6 × as long as wide, basally with oblique grooves cutting off anterolateral corners, behind these with slowly converging grooves that cut off a roundish-trapezoid raised part medially bearing two confluent dark patches, this part with strong punctures visible. T 3 with paired dark patches on basal half and pre-apical transverse groove indicated. T 4 - T 7 with paired dark marks weakly indicated. Ovipositor not preserved.	en	Klopfstein, Seraina (2022): High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark). Geodiversitas 44 (23): 645-664, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a23
